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PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)

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Define Mechanics and its types The branch of physics, which deals with
the study of motion of bodies is called
Mechanics. It has two types:
i) Kinematics
ii) Dynamics
Define Types of Mechanics Kinematics:
It is study of motion of bodies without
reference of force and mass.
Dynamics:
It is study of motion of bodies with
reference of force and mass.
Define Rest If a body does not change its position
with respect to some observers then it is
said to be in the state of rest.
Define Motion If a body is changing its position with
respect of some observers then it is said
to be in the state of motion.
Name the types of motion i) Translatory Motion
a) Linear motion
b) Circular motion
c) Randam motion
ii) Rotatory Motion
iii) Vibratory Motion
What is the motion executed by butterfly? Flight of butterfly is irregular motion.
Therefore its motion is called random
motion.
What is type of motion of free falling Freely falling bodies move downward in
bodies? straight direction under the force of
gravity. Therefore their motion is called
linear motion.
What is the type of motion of a man His motion is circulatory motion.
moving in circular track?
Define Distance The path between two points is called
distance. It is scalar quantity.
Define Displacement The shortest distance between two
points is called displacement. It is a
vector quantity.
What are Scalar and Vector Quantities? Scalar are those quantities which are
describe by a number with suitable
unit without mentioning direction.
Vector are those quantities which can be
described by a number with suitable
unit and with the mention of
direction.

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PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)

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Define Velocity The rate of displacement of a body
with respect to time is called velocity.
It is denoted by v. It is a vector quantity.
Define Uniform Speed If a body covers equal distances in
equal intervals of time, however small
the intervals may be, the speed of the
body is said to be uniform.
Define Uniform Velocity If the speed and direction of moving
body do not change with time, then its
velocity is said to be uniform.

Define variable velocity If the speed and direction of moving

body both changes with time, then its
velocity is said to be variable.
Define relative velocity When two bodies are in motion then the
velocity of one body relative to other is
called relative velocity.
Define Instantaneous velocity The velocity of a body at any instance
of time is called instantaneous velocity.
Define Average velocity Average velocity of a body can be
obtained by dividing the total
displacement with total time taken.
Vav = Displacement/Time = d/t
Can a body moving with certain velocity Yes, if the velocity of the body decreases,
in the direction of east can have then it will have acceleration in the
acceleration in the direction of west? opposite direction, that is, in the direction
of west.
Does speedometer of a car measures its It measures only speed but not velocity.
velocity?
Define Acceleration The rate of change of velocity is called
acceleration. It is denoted by “a”. It is
vector quantity.
Define Uniform Acceleration If velocity of a body is changing equally
in equal intervals of times then its
acceleration will be uniform.
Define Variable Acceleration If velocity of a body is not changing
equally in equal intervals of times
then its acceleration will be variable.
Define Average Acceleration The average acceleration can be obtained
by dividing total change in velocity with
total time taken.
aav = Change in Velocity/Total Time
Vf - Vi
aav = -------
t

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PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)

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Define Gravitational Acceleration The acceleration of freely falling
bodies is called gravitational
acceleration. It is denoted by g. Its value
is 10 meter per second per second (10
ms2)
A body is thrown vertically upward. What It is 10 meter per second per second (10
is gravitational acceleration. ms2)
Define Positive and Negative When velocity of a body increases its
Acceleration? acceleration will be positive.
When velocity of a body decreases its
acceleration will be negative.
What is acceleration of a body moving The acceleration will be 0.
with uniform velocity?
What consideration should be kept in • Initial velocity should be taken as zero.
mind while using equation of motion for • Acceleration will be taken as (g)
free falling bodies instead of (a)
Define Speed The distance covered in unit time is
called speed.
Speed = Distance/Time
v = S/t
The unit of speed is meter per second
(ms-1) or m/s
Can a body moving at a constant speed Yes, if it is moving in circular path, it can
have acceleration? have acceleration.

A body is moving with uniform velocity, Its acceleration will be zero.

what will be its acceleration?
A body is moving with a uniform speed. Yes, if it moves in straight line and does
Will its velocity be uniform? not change its direction.

Can a body moving with a certain velocity Yes, if its velocity will decrease, it has
in the direction of East, have Acceleration acceleration in the direction of west.
in the direction of West?
Does speedometer of a car measure its No, it only measures the speed.
velocity?
A stone and piece of paper when dropped Because both have same gravitational
from the same height, reach the ground acceleration.
at the same time.
What type of change will occur in three Acceleration (a) will be replaced with
equations of motion under the action of gravitational acceleration (g) in all
gravity? equations.
The value of gravitational acceleration on a hill station or mountains will be
less than that on planes. Gravitational acceleration depends upon the distance
between object and center of earth. On hill station the distance from the center of
earth increased due to which gravitational acceleration decreased.

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PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)

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LONG QUESTIONS
>> Question: Describe the different types of motion in detail?
Motion of bodies are of three types:
Translatory Motion: -
A motion in which each particle of a body has exactly same motion is called
translatory motion. It may be of many kinds: -
i) If a body moves in straight line its motion is called linear motion. e.g.
motion of free falling bodies.
ii) If a body moves in a circle its motion is called circular motion. e.g.
motion of stone attached to thread and whirled.
iii) If a body moves in irregular manner its motion is called random
motion. e.g. motion of butterfly.
Rotatory Motion: -
When each point of a body moves around a fixed point or axis then its motion is
called rotatory motion e.g. motion of ceiling fan.
Vibratory Motion: -
When a body moves to and fro about a point and repeats its motion then its motion
is called vibratory motion. e.g. Motion of simple Pendulum.

>> Question: Derive the First Equation of Motion?

Let a car is moving with initial velocity (vi). After time (t) its velocity becomes (vf). As
the car is moving with uniform acceleration therefore its acceleration (a) will be equal
to the average acceleration (aav):
Change in Velocity
a = --------------------
Total Time
Vf – V i
a = -------
t

at = Vf – V i

at + Vi = Vf

OR

Vf = Vi + at

>> Question: Derive the Second Equation of Motion?

A body is moving with initial Velocity (Vi) and after time (t) its velocity becomes (Vf).
Then to calculate the total distance (S) covered in time (t):
Distance = Average Velocity x Time
S = Vav x t --------------------------------------- (i)
We know that

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PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)

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Vi + V f
Vav = --------
2
So, Putting this value in equation (i)

Vi + Vf
S = -------- x t
2
And we know that Vf = Vi + at
So,
Vi + Vi + at
S = ------------- x t
2

2Vi + at
S = ------------- x t
2

2Vit + at2
S = -----------
2

2Vit at2
S = ---- + ----
2 2
1
S = Vit + --- at2
2
>> Question: Derive the Third Equation of Motion?
A body is moving with initial velocity (vi) and after time (t) its velocity becomes (vf)
then distance covered by it is given by:
(Vi + Vf)
S = ---------- x t -------------------------------- (i)
2
We know that
Vf = Vi + at
OR
Vf – V i
t = -------
a
Putting the value of t in equation (i)
(Vi + Vf) (Vf - Vi)
S = --------- x ---------
2 a
2aS = (Vi + Vf) x (Vf - Vi)
2as = Vf2 – Vi2
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PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 3)

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>> Question: Derive the value of ‘g’ by free fall method?
*** See figure from book
i) Connect a piece of thread with the hook H and pass it over two pulleys.
ii) Attach a metallic bob on other end of thread.
iii) Note initial position A on scale.
iv) Blacken the bob by candle.
v) Now burn the thread between two pulleys.
vi) Thread will cut off and bob will fall freely.
vii) Note the position B where bob touched.
viii) Note difference between position A and B.
ix) This is the distance covered by bob and denoted by ‘h’

Now according to 2nd equation of motion: -

1
S = Vit + -- gt2
2
Here S = h, so

h = 0xt + ½ gt2
1
h = -- gt2
2

2h
--- = g
t2

2h
g = ---
t2

=*=*=*=*=

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