***Remarks:

Ate please simplify your output. Concise and only include the most important information in
each concept. Also site your reference. I only edited the format and please send me your final output
t0onight. Follow the format:

 Definition
 s/sx
 diagnostics (kung meron)
 treatment
 management

(ganyan Ate Frances sa 1st disease tig edit ko po)

Thankssssss!

P.S VERY NICE!! MAY PA-PICTURE SI MAYORA! :D

FOLLICULITIS

- an inflammatory condition of the cells within the wall and ostia of the hair follicles that is
typically caused by a bacterial or fungal infection.

Risk Factor:

- frequent shaving in areas including the axillae, legs, trunk and buttocks.

Cause:

 Staphylococci
 If the immune system is impaired the causative organisms may b- gram-negative bacilli.

Treatment:

 Lotions
 Antibiotics or using a hand brush to dislodge the hairs mechanically.

Prevention:

 Avoid shaving.
 Use laser therapy.
 Use dispensatory cream or electric razor.
FURUNCLE (BOIL)

- An acute inflammation arising deep in one or more hair follicles and spreading into the
surrounding dermis.

 it refers to multiple or recurrent lesions.

 it may occur anywhere on the body but are more prevalent in areas subjected to irritation,
pressure, friction and excessive perspiration, such as the back of the neck, the axillae and
buttocks.

 it may start as small, red, raised, painful pimple.

 the characteristic pointing of a boil follows in a few days, the center becomes yellow or black,
the boil is said to have "come to head"

CARBUNCLE

- Abscess of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that represents an extension of a furuncle that has
invaded several follicles and is large and deep seated.
- Appear most commonly in areas where the skin is thick and inelastic

Cause:

 staphylococcal infection.

Medical Management:

 Systematic antibiotic therapy - bed rest is advised for patients who have boils on perineum or in
the anal region.
Nursing Management :

 IV fluids, fever reduction, and other supportive treatments are indicated for patients who are
acutely ill from infection.
 Warm moist compresses hasten resolution of the furuncle or carbuncle.
 Clean gently with antibacterial soap.

HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)

 An infection caused by the varicella - zoster viruses (VZVs)

 Characterized by a painful vesicular eruption.
 Increased frequency of herpes zoster infections to patients with weakened immune systems,
including those with HIV infection and those with cancer.

Clinical Manifestations:

1. Pre eruptive
- Tend to follow the dermatone that corresponds with the ganglion or ganglia that are
affected.
- Pain, pruritus, paresthesias, over the sensory region that follows the dermative.
- This phase last from 1-10 days with 48 hours being typical.

2. Acute Eruptive phase

- Appearance of unilateral patchy erythematous areas in the dermatomal area that is
affected.
- Vesicles develop that appear initially clear, then become cloudy and eventually rupture
and crust.
- Pain is severe and unrelenting.
- This phase typically last between 10-15 days.

3. Last phase
– 5% of all patients have severe pain for 30 or more days after lesions have healed.
Herpes zoster opthalmicus

- A rare subtype of herpes zoster that causes severe consequences.

- This may cause significant pain and morbid ocular complications, including blindness.

Medical Management:

 Acyclovir (Zovirax), Valacyclovir (Valtrex) or Famciclovir (Fumvir) are administered within

24 hours of the initial eruption.

 Pain is controlled with analgesic

 Pt with HZO require emergent treatment by an ophthalmologist.

Nursing Management:

 Religious taking of antiviral agents as prescribed and keeping follow-up.

 Assess patient's discomfort and response to medication and collaborates with the primary
provider.

 Instruct pt how to apply wet dressings or medication to the lesions and to follow proper hand
hygiene techniques.

PARASITIC SKIN INFESTATIONS

- Parasitic skin infections include those of the skin by lice (pediculosis) and itch mite
(scabies).

PEDICULOSIS : LIES INFESTATION

 It affects people all ages.

 Lice are called "ectoparasites" because they live on the outside of the host's body.

 They inject their digestive juices and excrement into the skin, which causes severe itching.

 There are three varieties of lice infest humans:

Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)

 An infestation of the scalp by head louse

 female louse lays her eggs (nits) close to the scalp.

 Nits become firmly attached to the hair shafts with a tenacious substance.

 Head lice may be transmitted directly by physical contact or indirectly by infested combs,
brushes, wigs, hats and bedding.

Phithirus Pubis (Pubic louse or "crab"

 -is extremely common

 -infestation is generally localized in the genital region and is transmitted chiefly by sexual
contact

Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse)

o Is an infestation of the body by the body louse

 -a disease of those who live in close quarters.

Clinical Manefestations

 Head lice are found most commonly along the back of the head and behind the ears.

 To the naked eye, the eggs look like silvery, glistening oval bodies.

 Infestation is more common in children and people with long hair.

 With body lice, the areas of the skin that come in closest contact with the underclothing (i.e,
neck, trunk, and thighs) are chiefly involved.

 Among the secondary lesions produced are parallel linear scratches and a slight degree of
eczema. In long-standing cases, the skin may become thick, dry and scaly with dark pigmented
areas.

 Pruritus, particularly at night, is the most common symptom of pediculosis pubis.

 Reddish brown dust (i.e, excretions of the insects) may be found in the patients underclothing.

 Infestation by pubic lice may coexist with sexuallt transmitted infections such as gonorrhea,
herpes or syphilliS. There may also be infestation of the hairs of thr chest, axillae, beard and
eyelashes.

 -Gray blue macules may sometimes be seen on trunk, thighs, and axillae
Medical Management

 Treatment of head and pubic lice involves washing the hair with a shampoo containing pyrethrin
compounds with piperonyl butoxide (RID or R&C shampoo) or rinsing with permethin (nix)

 Patient with body lice is instructed to bathe with soap and water. Typically, no medications are
indicated because the lice live on the patients clothing.

 Topical medicartions used to treat head and pubic lice may be applied to the clothing, however,
particularly in the seams of garments.

 All articles of clothing, towels and bedding that may have lice or nits sgould be washed in hot
water at least 54C (130F) or dry cleaned to prevent reinfestation.

 Combs and brushes are also disinfected with the shampoo or discarded. All family members and
close contacts are treated.

 Complications, such as severe pruritus, pyoderma and dermatitis, are treated with anti pruritus,
systemic antibiotics, and topical corticosteroids.

Scabies

 Is an infestation of the skin by the itch mite “Sacrcoptes scabei”

 Disease is most common found in people living in substandard hygienic conditions and in people
who are sexually active. Mites frequently involve the fingers and hand contact may produce
infection.

Clinical Manifestations

 It takes approximately 4 weeks from the time of contact for the patient’s symptoms to
appear.

 Patient complains of severe itching caused by a selayed type of immunologic reaction to

mite or its focal pellets.
  During examination, the patient is asked where the pruritus is most severe. A magnifying
glass and a penlight are held at an oblique angle to the skin while a search is made for small,
raised burrows created by mites.

 The burrows may be multiple, straight or wavy, brown or black, threadlike lesions , most
commonly observed between the fingers and on the wrists.

 Other sites are the extensor surfaces of the elbows, around the nipples, in the axillary folds,
under pendulous breast, and in or near the groin or gluteal fold, penis or scrotum.

 One classic sign of scabies is the increased itching that occurs during the overnight hours,
perhaps because the increased warmth of the skin has a stimulatory effect on the parasite.

 Secondary lesions, are quite common and include vesicles, papules, exocriations and crusts.

Medical Management