Diccionario Inglés-Español: para Ingeniería Química, Y Materias Afines
Diccionario Inglés-Español: para Ingeniería Química, Y Materias Afines
Diccionario Inglés-Español: para Ingeniería Química, Y Materias Afines
SPANISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS,
AND CONNECTED FIELDS
1° EDICIÓN
Easy compound to transform into another more stable.
A
ABSORPTION: It is the unit operation in which the mass transfer takes place from the
vapor phase to the liquid phase. Generally, although not always, it designates an operation
in which the liquid is supplied as a separate stream and independent of the steam to be
treated.
ACID: Substance that produces hydrogen ions or, more precisely, hydronium ions, H3O
+, in solution.
ARRHENIUS ACID: Substance that releases hydrogen ions when water dissolves.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA): The type of nucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus
of cells.
DIPROTIC ACID: Acid that has two ionizable hydrogens (acids) per molecule.
FATTY ACID: carboxylic acid having a long hydrocarbon appendage (usually with 10 to
20 carbon atoms).
MONOPROTIC ACID: Acid that has a single ionizable hydrogen atom (acid) per molecule.
NUCLEIC ACID: Polymer (present in all living cells) of repeated units called nucleotides.
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. (See also nucleotide).
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA): A form of nucleic acid that is found mostly in the cytoplasm
but is also present in all parts of the cell; intervenes in the synthesis of proteins.
TRIPROTIC ACID: An acid that has three ionizable hydrogen atoms (acids) per molecule.
ACTINIDES: The group of fourteen elements from number 80 to 103.
ADIABATIC: is designated as an adiabatic process to one in which the system (generally,
a fluid that does a job) does not exchange heat with its environment. An adiabatic process
that is also reversible is known as an isentropic process. The opposite end, in which the
maximum heat transfer takes place, causing the temperature to remain constant, is called
an isothermal process.
ADSORPTION: Operation in which a gaseous or liquid mixture comes into contact with a
solid (the adsorbent) and a component of the mixture (the adsorbate) adheres to the
surface of the solid.
EMULSIFYING OR EMULSIFYING AGENT: Substance that stabilizes emulsions.
OXIDIZING AGENT: Reagent that accepts electrons and reduces when another
substance is oxidized.
REDUCING AGENT: Reagent that donates electrons and oxidizes when another
substance is reduced.
EXHAUSTION: Operation in which a liquid containing a dissolved gas flows down a
column and a gas (depletion gas) rises through the same column under conditions such
that the dissolved gas leaves the solution and the exhaust gas drags it.
HYDRATION WATER: See hydrate.
THEORETICAL AIR: The theoretical (stoichiometric) air is the exact amount of air
necessary for there to be precise oxygen for complete combustion.
ALKANES: Compounds of hydrogen and carbon with simple bonds; the saturated
hydrocarbons.
ALCOHOL: Organic compound containing a hydroxyl group, -OH, as a substituent that
replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon.
ALDEHYDE: Organic compound containing a carbonyl group attached to a hydrogen (on
the one hand) and also to a hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl group.
ALLOY: Solution or homogeneous mixture of two or more metals.
ALIPHATIC: Regarding hydrocarbon compounds that do not have benzene rings.
ALLOTROPES: Two or more physical forms of an element in the same state, such as
diamond and graphite, which are allotropes of carbon.
ATROPINE: poisonous alkaloid extracted from belladonna.
SULFUR: m. solid metalloid (S) of atomic number 16 color yellow, tasteless and odorless
with density 1.96 melting point 119 ° C and boiling 444.6 ° C.
B
BIOPOLIMER: any large polymer (protein, nucleic acid, polysaccharide) produced by a
living organism. It includes some materials (such as polyhydroxybutyrate) that can be used
as plastics. Synonym: biological polymer.
BIOPROCESS: any process in which whole living cells or their components (eg, enzymes,
chloroplasts) are used to carry out certain physical or chemical changes.
BIOTECHNOLOGY: is the set of procedures, based on science and technology that allow
the rapid and efficient production of a large quantity of goods and services through the
use of biological systems.
BIOTRANSFORMACIÓN: conversion of a chemical or material into another through a
process of biological catalysis: a similar term is that of biocatalysis, hence the catalyst
involved is called a biocatalyst. Normally the catalyst is an enzyme or a complete non-
viable microorganism that contains several enzymes.
BALANCE OF MATTER: The balance of matter is a mathematical method used mainly in
Chemical Engineering. It is based on the law of conservation of matter (matter is neither
created nor destroyed, only transformed), which establishes that the mass of a closed
system always remains constant (excluding nuclear or atomic reactions in which matter it
is transformed into energy according to the Einstein equation E = mc2, and matter whose
velocity approaches the speed of light).
MASS BALANCE: it is an expression of the conservation of matter, it is also known as the
balance of matter. Mass transfer occurs in mixtures that contain different local
concentrations. For example, when a drop of ink is put in a bucket of water, the process
of transfer of matter is responsible for the movement of the ink molecules through the
water until reaching equilibrium and achieve a uniform concentration.
ENERGY BALANCE: energy is usually defined as the ability of matter to produce work,
being able to adopt different forms, all of them interconvertible directly or indirectly in each
other
ANALYTICAL BALANCE: Instrument that is used to determine the mass of a sample with
an approximation of tenths of a milligram (up to the nearest 0.0001 g).
BAROMETER: Device used to measure atmospheric pressure.
BASE: Substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution. It is also defined as a
substance capable of accepting a hydrogen ion (a proton).
CONJUGATED BASE: The ion that remains when an acid releases a proton.
WEAK BASE: Compound that reacts with water producing hydroxide ions in low proportion
(less than 5%).
STANDARD BASIS: Solution of a base whose concentration is known precisely. A
standard base is used in a titration to determine the concentration of an acid.
STRONG BASE: Metallic hydroxide that dissociates completely in water. Benzene:
Hydrocarbon compound of formula C6H6, with all six carbons attached to each other in a
ring, and with each carbon also bound to a hydrogen atom.
BTU: The British thermal unit, symbol BTU or BTU, is a unit of energy. It is used mainly in
the United States, although occasionally it can also be found in documentation or old
equipment of British origin. In most areas of technology and physics it has been replaced
by July, which is the corresponding unit of the International System of Units.
BASICITY: is the property that certain substances have of having a soapy consistency
when found in solution and neutralizing acids, as well as changing the red litmus paper to
blue.
BIOMASS: refers to all organic matter existing in nature (trees, shrubs, marine algae,
agricultural waste, animals, etc.) that can be transformed into energy by means of an
anaerobic fermentation (in the absence of air) in a digester.
BRIX (SCALE OF). - Two scales are known in the Brix hydrometer or areometer. In the
scale used in the sugar industry, the density of a solution containing n% sugar is
represented by degrees n Brix; the other scale relaciona the density of the degrees, by
the equation: Da15.6 ° = 400/400 +/- n being able to have n a positive or negative value,
according to the dissolution either lighter or heavier than water .
BURETTE.- Apparatus used to measure the amount of a substance, liquid or gas, used in
a chemical operation. In volumetric analysis, the burette generally consists of a vertical
tube graduated in fractions of a millimeter and provided with a key at its lower end, in order
to drop the liquid contained therein drop by drop.
BORBOLLÓN.-It is said of the violent ebullition of a liquid when the bubbles are formed at
a pressure greater than atmospheric
C
CALCINATION: is the process of heating a substance at high temperature,
(decomposition temperature), to cause thermal decomposition or a change of state in its
physical or chemical constitution. The process, which is usually carried out in long
cylindrical ovens, often has the effect of rendering the substances brittle.
CALIBRATION: Calibration is the process of comparing the values obtained by a
measuring instrument with the corresponding measurement of a reference standard (or
standard
HEAT: Form of energy that is transferred between samples of matter due to differences in
their temperatures.
SPECIFIC HEAT: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance
by 1 ° C. The units used are J / (g- ° C) or cal / (g- ° C).
LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: It is the thermal energy required to vaporize a given
volume of liquid.
MOLAR HEAT OF FUSION: The energy (usually in joules or calories) needed to melt 1
mole of a solid.
MOLAR HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: The energy (usually in joules or calories) needed to
vaporize 1 mole of a liquid.
CALORIE: A metric unit of heat energy. A calorie raises the temperature of 1 g of water
by 1 ° C. 1 cal = 4,184 joules. A Calorie (with a capital C) is equal to a kilocalorie.
ENTHALPY CHANGE: The change in heat energy (the energy released or absorbed) in a
reaction that takes place at constant pressure.
PHYSICAL CHANGE: A change in which the composition of a substance is not affected.
CHEMICAL CHANGE: A chemical reaction; a change in the constitution (composition) of
a substance. One or more substances are consumed while others are formed.
GRAVITATIONAL FIELD: Medium by which gravity communicates its influence.
HEAT CAPACITY: The quantity of heat, Q, which is required to increase the temperature
of the mass, m, of a substance in a small amount, ΔT. The mathematical expression is the
following: Q = m c Δ T
NOMINAL CAPACITY: Is the production capacity of a chemical plant, officially accepted.
The effective capacity is usually 85-95% of the nominal capacity.
CARBOHYDRATES: Organic substance composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen,
which can be classified as a sugar or as a compound formed by sugar units.
CATALYST: A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a
chemical change.
CATION: Ion with positive charge.
CATHODE: The electrode of any electrochemical cell where the reduction takes place
(gain of electrons).
ELECTROLYTIC CELL: An electrochemical cell that uses electricity to drive a chemical
reaction that would not otherwise occur.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL: Any system that generates a current from a chemical
reaction, or that uses an electric current to produce a chemical reaction. (See galvanic cell
and electrolytic cell).
GALVANIC CELL: (also called voltaic cell) An electrochemical cell that uses a
spontaneous chemical reaction to generate an electric current.
VOLTAIC CELL: See galvanic cell.
ABSOLUTE ZERO: The lowest possible temperature: 0 K = -273.15 ° C.
KETONE: Organic compound containing a carbonyl group attached to two alkyl or aryl
groups. Its general formula is R - CO - R '.
CENTRIFUGATION: It is the unitary operation that uses centrifugal force when it is
necessary to apply a force superior to that of gravity, to achieve the separation of solids
and fluids of different densities.
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES: All the true digits of a measurement plus an additional digit
rounded or estimated (called an uncertain digit).
CHEMICAL KINETICS: The study of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that
affect those speeds.
COEFFICIENT: The number that is placed before a chemical formula in a balanced
chemical equation, which indicates the number of molecules involved in a reaction.
SPONTANEOUS COMBINATION: The rapid oxidation that takes place when a substance
starts to burn on its own, without being lit by a spark or flame.
COMBUSTION: Chemical reaction between oxygen and oxidizable material accompanied
by energy release and usually manifested by incandescence or flame.
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION: A list of mass percentages (weight) of each element of
a compound.
COMPOUND: Pure substance formed by two or more elements that combine chemically
with each other in fixed proportions.
AROMATIC COMPOUND: Any hydrocarbon compound that contains a benzene ring.
G
GALLON: A British Imperial unit of volume defined as the volume occupied by exactly ten
pounds of distilled water of density 0.998 859 grams per millilitre in air of density 0.001
217 grams per millilitre. One gallon is therefore equal to 4.546 09 litres. In the US
Customary system, one gallon is equal to 0.832 68 Imperial gallons or 3.785 44 litres. It is
the volume occupied by 8.3359 pounds of distilled water and owes its origin to the
Wincheste.
GALÓN: Una unidad de volumen imperial británica definida como el volumen ocupado por
exactamente diez libras de agua destilada de densidad 0.998 859 gramos por mililitro en
aire de densidad 0.001 217 gramos por mililitro. Un galón es igual a 4.546 09 litros. En el
sistema habitual de los EE. UU., Un galón es igual a 0,832 68 galones imperiales o 3,785
44 litros. Es el volumen ocupado por 8.3359 libras de agua destilada y debe su origen al
Wincheste.
GALVANIC CELL: It is a voltaic cell which obtains electrical energy from spontaneous
redox reactions that take place inside it. It usually consists of two different metals
connected by a salt bridge, or individual half cells separated by a porous membrane. Volta
was the inventor of the voltaic battery, the first electric battery.
CÉLULA GALVÁNICA: Es una célula voltaica que obtiene energía eléctrica a partir de
reacciones redox espontáneas que tienen lugar en su interior. Por lo general, consta de
dos metales diferentes conectados por un puente salino o semicélulas individuales
separadas por una membrana porosa. Volta fue el inventor de la batería voltaica, la
primera batería eléctrica.
GANGUE: Valuable merchandise that is obtained for less money of its value or with little
effort.
GANGA: Mercancía valiosa que se obtiene por menos dinero de su valor o con poco
esfuerzo.
GANTT CHART: It is a graphic tool whose objective is to expose the time of dedication
planned for different tasks or activities over a determined total time. Despite this, the Gantt
chart does not indicate the relationships between activities.
CUADRO DE GANTT: Es una herramienta gráfica cuyo objetivo es exponer el tiempo de
dedicación planificado para diferentes tareas o actividades durante un tiempo total
determinado. A pesar de esto, el gráfico de Gantt no indica las relaciones entre las
actividades.
GAS: Fluid without its own form or volume, whose molecules tend to separate from each
other and have greater mobility than those of liquids.
GAS: Fluido sin forma ni volumen propios, cuyas moléculas tienden a separarse entre sí
y tienen mayor movilidad que las de los líquidos.
GAS CONSTANT: The universal constant of ideal gases is a physical constant that relates
to each other several variables of gaseous state, essentially establishing a relationship
between volume, pressure, temperature and quantity of matter.
CONSTANTE DE GAS: La constante universal de los gases ideales es una constante
física que relaciona entre sí varias variables de estado gaseoso, que establecen
esencialmente una relación entre volumen, presión, temperatura y cantidad de materia.
GAS LAWS: The general gas law is a gas law that combines Boyle-Mariotte law, Charles
law and Gay-Lussac law. These laws scientifically refer to each of the variables that are
pressure, volume and temperature.
LEYES DE GAS: La ley general de gas es una ley de gas que combina la ley de Boyle-
Mariotte, la ley de Charles y la ley de Gay-Lussac. Estas leyes se refieren científicamente
a cada una de las variables que son la presión, el volumen y la temperatura.
GAS LIFT: Injection gas that has returned to the surface and is not reinjected into the gas
lift system.
LEVANTAMIENTO DE GAS: gas de inyección que ha regresado a la superficie y no se
reinyecta en el sistema de elevación de gas.
GAS TURBINE: A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous
combustion, internal. The cars used Continental gas turbines, which eventually set six FIA
land speed records for turbine-powered cars.
TURBINA DE GAS: Una turbina de gas, también llamada turbina de combustión, es un
tipo de combustión continua, interna. Los automóviles utilizaron turbinas de gas de
Continental, que finalmente establecieron seis récords de velocidad de aterrizaje de la
FIA para automóviles con turbina.
GATE VALVE: Is a type of valve that used a gate or wedge type disk and the disk moves
perpendicular to flow to start or stop the fluid flow in piping. A gate valve is the most
common type of valve that used in any process plant. In service, these valves are either
in fully open or fully closed position.
VÁLVULA DE PUERTA: es un tipo de válvula que utiliza una puerta o un disco de tipo
cuña y el disco se mueve perpendicular al flujo para iniciar o detener el flujo de fluido en
la tubería. Una válvula de compuerta es el tipo más común de válvula que se usa en
cualquier planta de proceso. En servicio, estas válvulas están en posición completamente
abierta o completamente cerrada.
GAUGE PRESSURE: Is the difference between the absolute pressure and the
atmospheric pressure. A positive gauge pressure means the absolute pressure is above
the atmospheric pressure. A negative gauge pressure means the absolute pressure is less
than the atmospheric pressure.
PRESIÓN DE MEDIDA: Es la diferencia entre la presión absoluta y la presión atmosférica.
Una presión manométrica positiva significa que la presión absoluta está por encima de la
presión atmosférica. Una presión manométrica negativa significa que la presión absoluta
es menor que la presión atmosférica.
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW: Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas
varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.
LEY DE GAY-LUSSAC: la ley de Gay-Lussac establece que la presión de una masa dada
de gas varía directamente con la temperatura absoluta del gas, cuando el volumen se
mantiene constante.
GEL: Matter with appearance of solid and gelatinous aspect that is formed when resting a
colloidal solution; It is used as catalyst support and to separate mixtures by adsorption.
GEL: Materia con aspecto de aspecto sólido y gelatinoso que se forma cuando se reposa
una solución coloidal; Se utiliza como soporte de catalizador y para separar mezclas por
adsorción.
GEOMETRIC MEAN: A type of mean value that is the average value of a set of n numbers,
and calculated by multiplying them together, and extracting the nth root of the product.
MEDIO GEOMÉTRICO: Un tipo de valor medio que es el valor promedio de un conjunto
de n números, y se calcula multiplicándolos y extrayendo la raíz n del producto.
GEOMETRIC SIMILARITY: Systems that have similar physical dimensions such that their
ratio is constant. This is useful in the scale-up of process equipment.
SIMILARIDAD GEOMÉTRICA: Sistemas que tienen dimensiones físicas similares, de
modo que su relación es constante. Esto es útil en la ampliación de equipos de proceso.
GEOMETRIC VIEW FACTORS: The ratio of thermal radiation leaving a grey surface that
is absorbed by another surface.
FACTORES DE VISTA GEOMÉTRICA: La relación de radiación térmica que deja una
superficie gris que es absorbida por otra superficie
H
HABER PROCESS: A major industrial process for the synthesis of ammonia, which is
principally used in the manufacture of fertilizers. The process involves passing a mixture
of nitrogen and hydrogen at a volumetric ratio of 1:3 under high pressure in the presence
of a heated catalyst.
PROCESO DE HABER: Un proceso industrial importante para la síntesis de amoníaco,
que se utiliza principalmente en la fabricación de fertilizantes. El proceso implica pasar
una mezcla de nitrógeno e hidrógeno en una proporción volumétrica de 1: 3 a alta presión
en presencia de un catalizador calentado.
HAGEN, GOTTHILF HEINRICH LUDWIG (1797–1884): A German physicist noted for his
contribution to engineering particularly in the field of hydraulics. Qualified in civil
engineering and mathematics, he worked as a civil engineer managing various
engineering projects before turning to teaching in Berlin.
HAGEN, GOTTHILF HEINRICH LUDWIG (1797–1884): un físico alemán que destaca por
su contribución a la ingeniería, especialmente en el campo de la hidráulica. Calificado en
ingeniería civil y matemáticas, trabajó como ingeniero civil en varios proyectos de
ingeniería antes de dedicarse a la enseñanza en Berlín.
HALF-LIFE: The time taken for a substance to fall to half of its original value and is
independent of the amount of starting material. A reaction that has a constant half-life is a
first-order reaction.
VIDA MEDIA: el tiempo que tarda una sustancia en caer hasta la mitad de su valor original
y es independiente de la cantidad de material de partida. Una reacción que tiene una vida
media constante es una reacción de primer orden.
HALL–HÉROULT SMELTING PROCESS: A continuous electrolytic process used to
produce aluminium from alumina. The alumina is dissolved in a bath of sodium aluminium
chloride called cryolite that contains alumina fluoride and calcium fluoride. The solution is
heated to 950ºC in a steel tank with a carbon liner. Carbon anodes are lowered into the
solution with the liner being the cathode.
PROCESO DE FUNDICIÓN HALL-HÉROULT: proceso electrolítico continuo que se
utiliza para producir aluminio a partir de alúmina. La alúmina se disuelve en un baño de
cloruro de aluminio y sodio llamado criolita que contiene fluoruro de alúmina y fluoruro de
calcio. La solución se calienta a 950ºC en un tanque de acero con un revestimiento de
carbono. Los ánodos de carbono se introducen en la solución y el revestimiento es el
cátodo.
HALOGENATION: A general name for a chemical reaction that involves the introduction
of a halogen atom into a compound. The name of the specific reaction is named after the
halogen such as bromination, chlorination, and fluorination. The halogenation of aromatics
such as benzene involves electrophilic substitution.
HALOGENACIÓN: Un nombre general para una reacción química que implica la
introducción de un átomo de halógeno en un compuesto. El nombre de la reacción
específica lleva el nombre del halógeno, como la bromación, la cloración y la fluoración.
La halogenación de compuestos aromáticos como el benceno implica la sustitución
electrofílica.
HAMMER MILL: A mechanical device used to shred solid materials such as grains and
sugar cane in order to aid extraction of starches and sucrose. It consists of a rotating shaft
upon which hinged hammers are fixed. The shaft is contained within a shell through which
solid material is fed and emerges from the other.
HAMMER MILL: un dispositivo mecánico utilizado para triturar materiales sólidos como
granos y caña de azúcar para ayudar a la extracción de almidones y sacarosa. Consiste
en un eje giratorio sobre el cual se fijan los martillos articulados. El eje está contenido
dentro de una carcasa a través de la cual se alimenta el material sólido y emerge de la
otra.
HARDNESS: A mechanical device used to shred solid materials such as grains and sugar
cane in order to aid extraction of starches and sucrose. It consists of a rotating shaft upon
which hinged hammers are fixed. The shaft is contained within a shell through which solid
material is fed and emerges from the other.
DUREZA: un dispositivo mecánico utilizado para triturar materiales sólidos como granos
y caña de azúcar para ayudar a la extracción de almidones y sacarosa. Consiste en un
eje giratorio sobre el cual se fijan los martillos articulados. El eje está contenido dentro de
una carcasa a través de la cual se alimenta el material sólido y emerge de la otra.
HAZARD ANALYSIS: The identification of undesired events that result in a hazard. The
analysis seeks to evaluate the likelihood of the undesired events and the harmful
consequences of the hazards.
ANÁLISIS DE PELIGROS: La identificación de eventos no deseados que resultan en un
peligro. El análisis busca evaluar la probabilidad de los eventos no deseados y las
consecuencias dañinas de los peligros.
HAZARDOUS ENERGY: Any form of energy in a form that can cause harm to a human.
It includes ionizing and thermal radiation, electrical, electromagnetic, mechanical, and
chemical energy.
ENERGÍA PELIGROSA: Cualquier forma de energía en una forma que pueda causar
daño a un ser humano. Incluye energía ionizante y de radiación térmica, eléctrica,
electromagnética, mecánica y química.HAZID: An abbreviation for hazard identification, it
is a systematic and wide-ranging structured hazard analysis technique used to identify the
potential hazards at an early stage in process design and development
HEAD: The pressure of a liquid expressed as the equivalent height that a column of the
liquid would exert. The head is related to pressure.
CABEZA: La presión de un líquido expresada como la altura equivalente que una columna
del líquido ejercería. La cabeza está relacionada con la presión.
HEADER: A large tank, reservoir, or hopper used to maintain a gravity feed to a process
or to provide a static fluid pressure to a process or item of equipment.
ENCABEZADO: Un tanque, depósito o tolva grande que se utiliza para mantener una
alimentación por gravedad a un proceso o para proporcionar una presión estática de fluido
a un proceso o elemento del equipo.
HEADSPACE: The space above a liquid in a vessel filled with gas or vapour. A space is
usually left in sealed liquid storage tanks to allow for safe thermal expansion of the liquid.
ESPACIO DIRECTO: el espacio sobre un líquido en un recipiente lleno de gas o vapor.
Generalmente, se deja un espacio en los tanques de almacenamiento de líquidos sellados
para permitir una expansión térmica segura del líquido.
HEALTH PHYSICS: A branch of physics that is concerned with the study of the hazards
of ionizing radiation and other aspects of atomic physics, and its harmful effects on human
life.
FÍSICA DE LA SALUD: Una rama de la física que se ocupa del estudio de los peligros de
las radiaciones ionizantes y otros aspectos de la física atómica y sus efectos nocivos en
la vida humana.
HEAT ENGINE: A machine used to convert heat into work. The heat is the result of
combustion of a fuel. In an internal combustion engine, fuel is burnt inside the engine. A
steam turbine is an example of an external combustion engine in which steam is raised
outside the engine.
MOTOR DE CALOR: Una máquina utilizada para convertir el calor en trabajo. El calor es
el resultado de la combustión de un combustible. En un motor de combustión interna, el
combustible se quema dentro del motor. Una turbina de vapor es un ejemplo de un motor
de combustión externa en el que el vapor se eleva fuera del motor.
HEAT EXCHANGER: A device used to transfer heat from one fluid to another without the
two streams coming into contact with one another.
INTERCAMBIADOR DE CALOR: Un dispositivo usado para transferir calor de un fluido a
otro sin que las dos corrientes entren en contacto entre sí.
HEAT LOSS: The unrecoverable dissipation of thermal energy that flows from a body to a
place of lower temperature. The amount of heat flow, or loss, is dependent on the
temperature difference of the body to the environment at the lower temperature.
PÉRDIDA DE CALOR: La disipación irrecuperable de energía térmica que fluye de un
cuerpo a un lugar de temperatura más baja. La cantidad de flujo de calor, o pérdida,
depende de la diferencia de temperatura del cuerpo al ambiente a la temperatura más
baja.
HEAT OF ABSORPTION: The heat released when a substance is absorbed into another
substance at constant pressure.
CALOR DE ABSORCIÓN: El calor liberado cuando una sustancia se absorbe en otra
sustancia a presión constante.
HEAT OF COMBUSTIÓN: The heat of reaction for the complete combustion of a mole or
unit mass of a fuel in oxygen at the standard state of 25ºC and 101.3 kPa.
CALOR DE COMBUSTIÓN: El calor de reacción para la combustión completa de un mol
o una masa unitaria de un combustible en oxígeno en el estado estándar de 25ºC y 101.3
kPa.
HEISLER CHARTS: A set of graphical plots used to determine the time taken for thermal
penetration by heat conduction into a solid body.
TABLAS DE HEISLER: Un conjunto de parcelas gráficas que se utilizan para determinar
el tiempo necesario para la penetración térmica por conducción de calor en un cuerpo
sólido.
I
ICE POINT: A freezing point of water under standard atmospheric pressure conditions in
which water and ice are in equilibrium.
PUNTO DE HIELO: Un punto de congelación del agua en condiciones de presión
atmosférica estándar en las que el agua y el hielo están en equilibrio.
IDEAL CRYSTAL: The shape of an individual crystal that has a perfectly regular lattice
and has no deformations, irregularities, or imperfections.
CRISTAL IDEAL: la forma de un cristal individual que tiene una red perfectamente regular
y no tiene deformaciones, irregularidades ni imperfecciones
IDEAL GAS: An idealized gas consisting of elastic and non-interacting molecules in which
the effective volume occupied by the molecules is zero.
GAS IDEAL: un gas idealizado que consiste en moléculas elásticas y no interactivas en
las que el volumen efectivo ocupado por las moléculas es cero.
IDEAL MIXTURE: A mixture of two or more substances that form a solution in which there
is no interaction between the molecules or atoms of the individual components.
MEZCLA IDEAL: Una mezcla de dos o más sustancias que forman una solución en la que
no hay interacción entre las moléculas o los átomos de los componentes individuales.
IDEAL SOLUTION: A solution that conforms to *Raoult’s law over a range of temperatures
and compositions, and which shows no attractive forces between the components.
SOLUCIÓN IDEAL: Una solución que se ajusta a la ley de * Raoult en un rango de
temperaturas y composiciones, y que no muestra fuerzas atractivas entre los
componentes.
IDEAL STAGE:Is is a framework for describing the stages of innovation in surgery and
other interventional procedures .
ETAPA IDEAL: es un marco para describir las etapas de la innovación en cirugía y otros
procedimientos de intervención
IGPM: An abbreviation for an Imperial unit of volumetric flow rate as Imperial gallons per
minute and is used in the oil industrial.
IGPM: abreviatura de una unidad imperial de caudal volumétrico como galones imperiales
por minuto y se utiliza en la industria petrolera.
INTERFACE: The boundary between two phases such as two immiscible liquids, a liquid
and vapour or gas, a gas and a solid, or a gas and a vapour or gas.
INTERFAZ: El límite entre dos fases, como dos líquidos inmiscibles, un líquido y vapor o
gas, un gas y un sólido, o un gas y un vapor o gas.
INTERCOOLER: A type of heat exchanger used to remove heat from a fluid between the
stages in a process. It is used to cool liquids and gases in processes such as refrigeration,
air conditioners, gas turbines, combustion engines, and some types of reactors, and in
particular, to remove the heat of compression.
INTERCOOLER: un tipo de intercambiador de calor utilizado para eliminar el calor de un
fluido entre las etapas de un proceso. Se utiliza para enfriar líquidos y gases en procesos
tales como refrigeración, acondicionadores de aire, turbinas de gas, motores de
combustión y algunos tipos de reactores, y en particular, para eliminar el calor de la
compresión.
INTERLOCK: A safety control system that cuts in when unsafe conditions are detected,
particularly in the operation of process machinery such as pumps and compressors
ENTRELAZARSE: un sistema de control de seguridad que interviene cuando se detectan
condiciones inseguras, particularmente en el funcionamiento de maquinaria de proceso
como bombas y compresores.
INTERNAL ENERGY: A conceptual state function whose absolute value can be neither
measured nor calculated. It represents the total energy in a substance and includes the
atoms and molecules and their intra-atomic, inter-atomic, and inter-molecular forces. It
includes neither the kinetic energy nor the potential energy.
ENERGÍA INTERNA: Una función de estado conceptual cuyo valor absoluto no se puede
medir ni calcular. Representa la energía total en una sustancia e incluye los átomos y las
moléculas y sus fuerzas intraatómicas, interatómicas e intermoleculares. No incluye ni la
energía cinética ni la energía potencial.
IN VITRO: A biochemical reaction that takes place in an apparatus, and therefore distinct
from the biochemical reaction taking place within the living cell.
IN VITRO: Una reacción bioquímica que tiene lugar en un aparato, y por lo tanto distinta
de la reacción bioquímica que tiene lugar dentro de la célula viva.
ISOBAR: A condition representing constant pressure. Isobars are used on weather maps
representing lines of constant atmospheric pressure.
ISOBAR: Una condición que representa presión constante. Las isobaras se utilizan en
mapas meteorológicos que representan líneas de presión atmosférica constante.
ISOPLETH: A vertical line used in a liquid–vapour phase diagram for two substances. The
line corresponds to constant composition as the pressure changes.
ISOPLETO: una línea vertical utilizada en un diagrama de fase líquido-vapor para dos
sustancias. La línea corresponde a la composición constante a medida que cambia la
presión.
ISOTHERM: The relation between the moisture content of a substance and the relative
humidity in the surrounding air.
ISOTERMA: La relación entre el contenido de humedad de una sustancia y la humedad
relativa en el aire circundante.
ISOTONIC: The exertion of the same osmotic pull by one medium as the other on the
other side.
ISOTÓNICO: el esfuerzo de la misma tracción osmótica por un medio que el otro en el
otro lado.
ISOTOPE: Atoms of the same element but with a different number of protons and neutrons
(i.e. nucleon number). They have nearly identical chemical properties.
ISÓTOPO: átomos del mismo elemento pero con un número diferente de protones y
neutrones (es decir, número de nucleones). Tienen propiedades químicas casi idénticas.
ISOTROPIC: The condition in which the same properties exist in all directions from a point
or location.
ISOTRÓPICO: la condición en la que existen las mismas propiedades en todas las
direcciones desde un punto o ubicación.
ITERATION: A repeating calculation in which the key variables are recycled in the
calculation in order eventually to reach a convergence as the solution.
ITERACIÓN: Un cálculo que se repite en el que las variables clave se reciclan en el
cálculo para finalmente llegar a una convergencia como la solución.
ISOMORPHISM: The existence of identical or similar crystalline forms in different but
chemically similar compounds
ISOMORFISMO: La existencia de formas cristalinas idénticas o similares en compuestos
diferentes pero químicamente similares.
ION LEAKAGE: The concentration of unwanted ions (for example, calcium ions) left in a
treated liquid within an ion exchange unit.
PÉRDIDA DE ION: la concentración de iones no deseados (por ejemplo, iones de calcio)
que quedan en un líquido tratado dentro de una unidad de intercambio iónico.
33. INTUMESCENT PAINT: A coating applied to a surface to protect it from flame or
heat. It expands on heating thereby reducing its density and creating an insulating effect.
It is used in passive fire protection for pipes and other process equipment particularly in
hazardous areas.
PINTURA INTUMESCENTE: un recubrimiento aplicado a una superficie para protegerlo
de las llamas o el calor. Se expande al calentar, reduciendo así su densidad y creando
un efecto aislante. Se utiliza en la protección pasiva contra incendios para tuberías y otros
equipos de proceso, especialmente en áreas peligrosas.
J
JAQUELADO (Checkered)
That tile model is jacketed
Ese modelo de baldosa es jaquelado
JEMA-(wane)
JOULE-(joule)
July is the unit derived from the International System used to measure energy, work and
heat. As a unit of work, July is defined as the amount of work done by a constant force of
one newton in one meter in length in the same direction of force.
El julio es la unidad derivada del Sistema Internacional utilizada para medir energía,
trabajo y calor. Como unidad de trabajo, el julio se define como la cantidad de trabajo
realizado por una fuerza constante de un newton en un metro de longitud en la misma
dirección de la fuerza.
K
APARATO DE KIPP
KELVIN-(kelvin)
It is the unit of temperature of the scale created by William Thomson Kelvin, in the year
1848, on the basis of the degree Celsius, establishing the zero point at absolute zero (-
273.15 ° C) and conserving the same dimension. Kelvin, at age 24, introduced the
thermodynamic temperature scale, and the unit was named in his honor.
Es la unidad de temperatura de la escala creada por William Thomson Kelvin, en el año
1848, sobre la base del grado Celsius, estableciendo el punto cero en el cero absoluto
(−273,15 °C) y conservando la misma dimensión. Kelvin, a sus 24 años introdujo la escala
de temperatura termodinámica, y la unidad fue nombrada en su honor.
KEROSEN-(kerosene)
It is a flammable liquid, transparent mixture of hydrocarbons, which is obtained from the
distillation of natural oil. It was originally used in stoves and lamps, it is currently used as
jet fuel and in the manufacture of insecticides
KERN-(mineral)
KILIAREA-(kiliare)
The kiliarea is a measure of surface
El kiliarea es una medida de superficie
KILOAMPERIO-(kiloampere)
I need a kiloampere of intensity
Necesito un kiloamperio de intensidad
KILOCALORIA-(kilocalorie)
The kilocalories are the energy our body needs to live
Las kilocalorias son la energia que nuestro cuerpo necesita para vivir
KILOCICLO –(kilocycle)
KILODINA-(kilodyne)
KILOLITRO-(kiloliter)
The kiloliter is a unit of volume equivalent to one thousand liters, represented by the
symbol kl
El kilolitro es una unidad de volumen equivalente a mil litros, representado por el símbolo
kl
KILOMETRAJE
Number of kilometers between two points The mileage traveled is recorded in the car.
Cantidad de kilómetros comprendidos entre dos puntos El kilometraje recorrido queda
registrado en el automóvil.
KILOMETRO-(kilometer)
The mineral cone has a height kilometer
El cono de mineral tiene un kilometro de altura
KILOVOLTIO-(kilovolt)
Potential difference unit, equivalent to 1,000 volts. Its abbreviation is kv.
Unidad de diferencia de potencial, equivalente a 1.000 voltios. Su abreviatura es kv.
KITASATO
Kitasato is an instrument that is used for distillation
El kitasato es un instrumento que se usa para la destilación
KRIPTON
Krypton is an odorless and tasteless noble gas with little reactivity characterized by a
spectrum of very bright green and red-orange lines. It is one of the products of nuclear
fission of uranium. The solid krypton is white, with a cubic crystalline structure centered
on the faces as well as the rest of the noble gases.For practical purposes an inert gas can
be considered although compounds formed with fluorine are known; It can also form
clathrates with water as its atoms are trapped in the network of water molecules.
Clathrates with hydroquinone and phenol have also been synthesized. It is the first of the
noble gases in order of the period for which an electronegativity value has been defined.
LASER-(laser)
We have laser detectors to regulate the water level
Tenemos detectores laser para regular el nivel de el agua
LAURENCIO-(lawrencium)
Lawrence is a radioactive synthetic element
El lawrencio es un elemento sintético radiactivo
LACTOSA-(lactose)
La lactosa es un disacárido formado por la unión de una molécula de glucosa y otra de
galactosa. Se conoce también como azúcar de la leche, ya que aparece en la leche de
las hembras de la mayoría de los mamíferos en una proporción del 4 al 5%.
Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the union of a glucose molecule and a galactose
molecule. It is also known as milk sugar, since it appears in the milk of females of most
mammals in a proportion of 4 to 5%
LENTES-(glasses)
For security use glasses
Por seguridad use lentes
LONGITUD-(length)
The length is a definable metric concept for geometric entities on which a distance has
been defined. More specifically given a segment, curve or fine line, you can define its
length from the notion of distance.
La longitud es un concepto métrico definible para entidades geométricas sobre la que se
ha definido una distancia. Más concretamente dado un segmento, curva o línea fina, se
puede definir su longitud a partir de la noción de distancia
LITIO-(lithium)
Lithium is a highly used agent in the synthesis of organic compounds
El litio es un agente altamente empleado en la síntesis de compuestos orgánicos
LICUAR-(to blend)
The liquid air is composed of air that has been liquefied by application of high compression
in pistons and then cooled to very low temperatures. It must be stored in a Dewar glass at
room temperature, the liquid air quickly absorbs the heat and this is the reason why it
quickly converts to its gaseous state. It is generally used in the cooling of other
substances, as well as a source of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and other inert gases.
El aire líquido está compuesto de aire que ha sido licuado mediante aplicación de alta
compresión en pistones y posteriormente enfriado a muy bajas temperaturas. Debe ser
conservado en un vaso Dewar a temperatura ambiente el aire líquido absorbe
rápidamente el calor y es esta la razón por la que se convierte rápidamente a su estado
gaseoso. Se emplea generalmente en la refrigeración de otras sustancias, así como
fuente de nitrógeno, oxígeno, argón, y otros gases inertes.
LICUEFACTION-liquefaccion
The liquefaction or liquefaction is the change of state that occurs when a substance
passes from the gaseous state to the liquid. The process occurs due to the action of
temperature and the increase in pressure, which allows to reach a high overpressure. This
differentiates the liquefaction of condensation, which occurs when a substance changes
state from vapor to liquid, by the decrease in temperature.
La licuación o licuefacción es el cambio de estado que acontece cuando una sustancia
pasa del estado gaseoso al líquido. El proceso ocurre por la acción de la temperatura y
el aumento de la presión, que permite llegar a una sobrepresión elevada. Esto diferencia
a la licuación de la condensación, que acontece cuando una sustancia cambio de estado
pasando del vapor al líquido, por la disminución de la temperatura.
LUMINISCENCIA-luminiscencia
Luminescence is any process of light emission whose origin does not lie exclusively in
high temperatures but, on the contrary, is a form of "cold light" in which the emission of
light radiation is caused under ambient or low temperature conditions.
Luminiscencia es todo proceso de emisión de luz cuyo origen no radica exclusivamente
en las altas temperaturas, sino que, por el contrario, es una forma de "luz fría" en la que
la emisión de radiación lumínica es provocada en condiciones de temperatura ambiente
o baja.
LABIL-lábil
Easy compound to transform into another more stable.
Compuesto fácil de transformar en otro más estable.
LABORATORY-laboratorio
The laboratory is a place equipped with the necessary means to carry out research,
experiments, practices and works of a scientific, technological or technical nature; It is
equipped with measuring instruments or equipment with which experiments, investigations
and diverse practices are carried out, depending on the branch of science to which it is
dedicated. It can also be a classroom or dependency of any teaching center.
El laboratorio es un lugar dotado de los medios necesarios para realizar investigaciones,
experimentos, prácticas y trabajos de carácter científico, tecnológico o técnico; está
equipado con instrumentos de medida o equipos con los que se realizan experimentos,
investigaciones y prácticas diversas, según la rama de la ciencia a la que se dedique.
También puede ser un aula o dependencia de cualquier centro docente.
31. LIXIVIACIÓN-lixiviation
Leaching, or solid-liquid extraction, is a process in which a liquid solvent passes through
a pulverized solid so that the dissolution of one or more of the soluble components of the
solid occurs.
ESP: La lixiviación, o extracción sólido-líquido, es un proceso en el que un disolvente
líquido pasa a través de un sólido pulverizado para que se produzca la disolución de uno
o más de los componentes solubles del sólido.
32.LIGANDO
They are ions or molecules that surround a metal, forming a coordination compound. A
ligand linked to a central ion is said to be coordinated to the ion.
33.LIOFILIZADORES
They are used to obtain dry solids of high commercial value. They are used when very
labile or fragile solids to be treated by a conventional method of drying or filtration, or are
very soluble (sodium salts) of such handle that can not be obtained by precipitation or
crystallization.
Son utilizados para obtener sólidos secos de alto valor comercial. Se emplean cuando los
sólidos muy lábiles o frágiles para ser tratados por un método convencional de secado o
una filtración, o bien son muy solubles (sales de sodio) de tal maneta que no pueden ser
obtenidos por precipitación o cristalización.
34.LUBRICACION- lubrication
Lubrication or lubrication is the process or technique used to reduce friction between two
surfaces that are very close and moving with respect to each other, interposing a
substance between them called lubricant that supports or helps support the load between
the facing surfaces
35.LUZ- light
M
Manganese: Chemical element of atomic number 25, atomic mass 54.94 and symbol Mn;
It is a metal of the group of transition elements, silvery white, bright, hard and brittle,
resistant to fire and very oxidizable; It is very abundant in nature, where it is found in the
form of ores, the main being the pirolusite; It is used in iron alloys to make steels, and its
compounds are used in paints, varnishes, dyes, etc.
Manganeso: Elemento químico del número atómico 25, masa atómica 54.94 y símbolo
Mn; Es un metal del conjunto de elementos de transición, blanco plateado, brillante, duro
y quebradizo, resistente al fuego y muy oxidable. Es muy abundante en la naturaleza,
donde se encuentra en forma de minerales, siendo el principal el pirolusite; Se utiliza en
aleaciones de hierro para hacer aceros, y sus compuestos se utilizan en pinturas,
barnices, tintes, etc.
Mass: Consistent, homogeneous and malleable mixture that is obtained by undoing solid
substances, crushed or pulverized in liquid substances
Masa: Mezcla consistente, homogénea y maleable que se obtiene deshaciendo
sustancias sólidas, trituradas o pulverizadas en sustancias líquidas.
Matter: Main component of the bodies, susceptible of all kinds of shapes and changes,
characterized by a set of physical or chemical properties, perceptible through the senses.
Materia: Componente principal de los cuerpos, susceptible de todo tipo de formas y
cambios, caracterizado por un conjunto de propiedades físicas o químicas, perceptibles
a través de los sentidos
Mercury: Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. In
ancient literature it was commonly referred to as liquid silver and also as quicksilver or
hydrargiro.Element of silver appearance, heavy metal belonging to block D of the periodic
table, mercury it is the only liquid metal element under standard laboratory conditions; the
only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine (a non-metal), although
other metals such as cesium, gallium, and rubidium melt at slightly higher temperatures.
Mercurio: El mercurio es un elemento químico con el símbolo Hg y el número atómico 80.
En la literatura antigua, se lo denominaba comúnmente plata líquida y también como plata
rápida o hidrargiro. Elemento de apariencia plateada, metal pesado que pertenece al
bloque D de la tabla periódica, mercurio es el único elemento de metal líquido en
condiciones de laboratorio estándar; el único otro elemento que es líquido en estas
condiciones es el bromo (un no metal), aunque otros metales como el cesio, el galio y el
rubidio se funden a temperaturas ligeramente más altas.
Metabolism: Set of chemical and biological changes that occur continuously in the living
cells of an organism.
Methanol: Colorless and very toxic liquid, obtained by distilling the wood at low
temperature or by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is used to
denaturalize ethyl alcohol and as an additive to liquid fuels. "Methanol is the simplest
molecule alcohol"
Methanol: Líquido incoloro y muy tóxico, obtenido por destilación de la madera a baja
temperatura o por reacción de monóxido de carbono e hidrógeno, que se utiliza para
desnaturalizar alcohol etílico y como aditivo para combustibles líquidos. "El metanol es la
molécula de alcohol más simple"
Methyl red: Methyl red is an indicator of pH. (Formula: C15H15N3O2). It acts between pH
4.2 and 6.3, varying from red (pH 4.2) to yellow (pH 6.3). Therefore, it allows to determine
the formation of acids that are produced during the fermentation of a carbohydrate. Methyl
red is prepared with 0.1 g of this reagent in 1500 ml of methanol. A positive reaction (more
or less) indicates that the organism performs a lactic acid fermentation of glucose through
the acid-mixed route.
Methyl orange: Methyl orange is an azoderivative dye, and a pH indicator with color
change from red to orange-yellow between pH 3.1 and 4.2. The chemical compound name
of the indicator is the sodium salt of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene sulfonic acid. The
molecular formula of this sodium salt is C14H14N3NaO3S and its molecular weight is
327.34 g / mol.2 Currently, many applications are registered from pharmaceutical
preparations, dyes of 5% dyeing in fabrics and plastics, and determinant of sludge
alkalinity in oil processes. It is also applied in cytology in conjunction with the Fuschin
solution. It is used in a concentration of 1 drop at 0.1% per 10 ml of solution.
Microscopio: Instrumento óptico para ampliar la imagen de los objetos o seres, o detalles
de ellos, tan pequeños que no se pueden ver a simple vista; Consiste en un sistema de
lentes de gran aumento.
Micrón: The micron, micron or more correctly micrometer (1 μm), is a word from the Greek
and whose meaning is small. It is a unit of measurement that represents the thousandth
part of the millimeter, that is 0.001 mm., Or referred to the meter, its millionth portion.
Molality: Molality (m) or Molal Concentration is the number of moles of solute that are
dissolved in 1 kilogram of solvent
Mortar: Kitchen utensil or laboratory used to grind or crush spices, seeds, chemical
substances, etc .; consists of a container of stone, ceramic, wood or other material in the
form of a wide hemispherical cavity and a small mallet (mortar) with which it is crushed.
Mortero: Utensilio de cocina o laboratorio que sirve para moler o machacar especias,
semillas, sustancias químicas, etc.; consiste en un recipiente de piedra, cerámica, madera
u otro material con forma de vaso ancho de cavidad semiesférica y un pequeño mazo
(mano de mortero) con el que se machaca.
Molecule: Defined and ordered grouping of atoms that constitutes the smallest portion of
a pure substance and retains all its properties.
"The water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom"
N
Naphtha: It is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.
Naphtha-labeled mixtures have been produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum
distillates and the distillation of coal tar and peat.
In different industries and regions, naphtha can also be crude oil or refined products such
as kerosene. Mineral spirits, also known historically as "naphtha", are not the same
chemical substance.
Nafta: es una mezcla de hidrocarburos líquido inflamable. Las mezclas marcadas con
nafta se han producido a partir de condensados de gas natural , destilados de petróleo y
la destilación de alquitrán de hulla y turba .En diferentes industrias y regiones, la nafta
también puede ser petróleo crudo o productos refinados como el queroseno . Los espíritus
minerales , también conocidos históricamente como "nafta", no son la misma sustancia
química.
Neutralization: An acid-base reaction or neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction that
occurs between an acid and a base producing salt and water. The word "salt" describes
any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base (Na + of NaOH) and whose anion
comes from an acid (Cl- of HCl).
Nicotine: Substance that is extracted from tobacco leaves and can also be synthetically
produced; it is a toxic drug that in small doses produces euphoria, decreased appetite,
etc., and that in high doses can cause serious poisoning; It has been used as an
agricultural insecticide and, in veterinary medicine, as an external antiparasite.
Nicotina: Sustancia que se extrae de las hojas del tabaco y que también se puede producir
sintéticamente; es una droga tóxica que en pequeñas dosis produce euforia, disminución
del apetito, etc., y que en dosis elevadas puede provocar graves intoxicaciones; ha sido
empleada como insecticida agrícola y, en veterinaria, como antiparasitario externo.
Nucleon: In nuclear physics, a nucleon corresponds to the collective name for two
particles: the neutron and the proton. The nucleons are two of the constituents of the
atomic nucleus, which would also contain pions that carry the interaction that holds the
nucleons together.
P
Packaging: The packaging is a method for preserving food consists of heating them to a
temperature that destroys the possible microorganisms present and seal them in jars, cans
or airtight bags.
Envasado: El envasado es un método para conserva de alimentos consiste en calentarlos
a una temperatura que destruya los posibles microorganismos presentes y sellarlos en
tarros, latas o bolsas herméticas.
Paint inorganic : Inorganic pigments can also be called mineral pigments, and are
usually metallic components that can be obtained by three main methods, of which, those
obtained at the highest temperatures, have a greater stability to heat and better resistance
to the environment.
Pintura inorgánica: Los pigmentos inorgánicos pueden ser llamados también pigmentos
minerales, y normalmente son componentes metálicos que se pueden obtener mediante
tres métodos principales, de los cuales, los que se obtienen a las más altas temperaturas,
presentan una mayor estabilidad al calor y mejor resistencia al ambiente.
paint metallic: Also known as polychromatic or "metal flakes", it is used in most new first-
sale cars. The metallic paint allows to reveal the contours of the body more than the non-
metallic or solid paint. When approaching, the small metal shavings included in the paint
create a flash effect.
Pintura metálica: También conocida como policromática o de "copos de metal", se usa en
la mayoría de los nuevos automóviles de primera venta. La pintura metalizada permite
revelar los contornos de la carrocería más que la pintura no metalizada o sólida. Al
acercarse, las pequeñas virutas de metal incluidas en la pintura crean un efecto de
destello.
Palladium chloride: Also known as palladium dichloride and pale chloride, are the chemical
compounds with the formula PdCl2. PdCl2 is a common starting material in palladium
chemistry - palladium-based catalysts have a particular value in organic synthesis. It is
prepared by palladium chlorination.
Cloruro de paladio: También conocido como dicloruro de paladio y cloruro pálido, son los
compuestos químicos con la fórmula PdCl2. PdCl2 es un material de partida común en la
química del paladio - los catalizadores basados en paladio tienen un valor particular en la
síntesis orgánica. Se prepara por cloración de paladio.
Pectin: Neutral substance found in many plant tissues and used in food to give consistency
to jam and gelatin.
Pectina: Sustancia neutra que se encuentra en muchos tejidos vegetales y que se emplea
en alimentación para dar consistencia a la mermelada y a la gelatina.
Porcelain enamel: Capa vítrea que se aplica a alta temperatura sobre un metal. También
llamado esmalte vítreo.
Esmalte de porcelana: Capa vítrea que se aplica a alta temperatura sobre un metal.
También llamado esmalte vítreo.
Q
Qualitative analysis: It is a branch of analytical chemistry that aims to recognize or identify
the elements or chemical groups present in a sample, as well as the study of the means
to identify the chemical components of a sample.
Análisis cualitativo: Es una rama de la química analítica que tiene por objeto el
reconocimiento o identificación de los elementos o de los grupos químicos presentes en
una muestra, así como el estudio de los medios para poder identificar los componentes
químicos de una muestra.
Quantitative analysis: Is the experimental study of the quantities of substance that appear
in a sample or that intervene in a reaction, and not only in the identification of its nature.
Análisis cuantitativo: es el estudio experimental de las cantidades de sustancia que
aparecen en una muestra o que intervienen en una reacción, y no solamente en la
identificación de su naturaleza.
Quantum number: The magnetic quantum number usually denoted as M is one of the four
quantum numbers that characterize the quantum state of an electron bound by an atom.
These four quantum numbers are: The main quantum number, designated as n. The
azimuthal quantum number, designated as l.
Número cuántico: El número cuántico magnético generalmente denotado como M es uno
de los cuatro números cuánticos que caracterizan el estado cuántico de un electrón ligado
de un átomo. Estos cuatro números cuánticos son: El número cuántico principal,
designado como n. El número cuántico azimutal, designado como l.
Quartz: Quartz is a mineral composed of silica (SiO2). After feldspar it is the most common
mineral of the earth's crust being present in a large amount of igneous, metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks. It stands out for its hardness and resistance to weathering on the
Earth's surface.
Cuarzo: El cuarzo es un mineral compuesto de sílice (SiO2). Tras el feldespato es el
mineral más común de la corteza terrestre estando presente en una gran cantidad de
rocas ígneas, metamórficas y sedimentarias. Destaca por su dureza y resistencia a la
meteorización en la superficie terrestre.
Quartz fused: Molten quartz glass is an extremely versatile high temperature material that
is used in a range of different applications. It has excellent thermal properties, excellent
optical transmission characteristics, good electrical properties and resistance to corrosion.
Cuarzo fundido: El vidrio de cuarzo fundido es un material de alta temperatura
extremadamente versátil que se utiliza en una gama de diferentes aplicaciones. Posee
excelentes propiedades térmicas, excelentes características de transmisión óptica,
buenas propiedades eléctricas y resistencia a la corrosión.
Quench: Point of hardness or elasticity that is given to a material, such as metal and glass,
by raising its temperature to very high figures and then cooling it abruptly.
Temple: Punto de dureza o elasticidad que se da a un material, como el metal y el cristal,
mediante la elevación de su temperatura a cifras muy altas para después enfriarlo
bruscamente.
Quinizarin: Warehouse test to determine that the correct amount of the quinizarin marker
has been added to the tax-free diesel fuel before it goes on sale.
Quinizarina: Prueba de almacén para determinar que se ha añadido la cantidad correcta
del marcador quinizarina al combustible diésel libre de impuestos antes de que se ponga
a la venta.
Quinol: It is a food supplement that can help you enjoy a healthy energy and a good heart
function.
Quinol: Es un complemento alimenticio que puede ayudarte a disfrutar de una energía
saludable y de un buen funcionamiento del corazón.
Quinoline: The quinoline yellow or also called according to European Union food codes as
E-104 is a synthetic yellow non-azo dye intense and very soluble in water. It is usually
used as a dye for some medications.
Quinoleína: El Amarillo de quinoleína o también denominado según los códigos
alimentarios de la Unión Europea como E-104 es un colorante sintético no azoico de color
amarillo intenso y muy soluble en agua. Suele emplearse como colorante de algunos
medicamentos.
R
Radiation industrial: onizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of
electromagnetic waves or particles. ... Ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications
in medicine, industry, agriculture and research.
Radiación industrial: La radiación ionizante es un tipo de energía liberada por los átomos
en forma de ondas electromagnéticas o partículas. ... Las radiaciones ionizantes tienen
muchas aplicaciones beneficiosas en la medicina, la industria, la agricultura y la
investigación.
Radiation ionizing: Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of
electromagnetic waves or particles. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing
radiation, such as soil, water or vegetation, as well as artificial sources, such as X-rays
and some medical devices.
Radiación ionizante: La radiación ionizante es un tipo de energía liberada por los átomos
en forma de ondas electromagnéticas o partículas. Las personas están expuestas a
fuentes naturales de radiación ionizante, como el suelo, el agua o la vegetación, así como
a fuentes artificiales, tales como los rayos X y algunos dispositivos médicos.
Radical:These radicals run through our body trying to steal an electron from the stable
molecules, in order to achieve their electrochemical stability.
Radical: Estos radicales recorren nuestro organismo intentando robar un electrón de las
moléculas estables, con el fin de alcanzar su estabilidad electroquímica.
Radioactive isotope: Isotopes means the atoms of an element with the same atomic
number but with different atomic mass, that is, with the same number of protons and
therefore identical chemical properties, but different number of neutrons and different
physical properties. The isotopes can be stable and unstable or radioisotopes, the nuclei
of the latter having the property of emitting energy in the form of ionizing radiation as they
seek a more stable configuration.
Isótopo radiactivo: Se entiende por isótopos los átomos de un elemento con el mismo
número atómico pero con distinta masa atómica, es decir, con el mismo número de
protones y por tanto idénticas propiedades químicas, pero distinto número de neutrones
y diferentes propiedades físicas. Los isótopos pueden ser estables e inestables o
radioisótopos, teniendo los núcleos de éstos últimos la propiedad de emitir energía en
forma de radiación ionizante a medida que buscan una configuración más estable.
Radioactive waste: Isotopes means the atoms of an element with the same atomic number
but with different atomic mass, that is, with the same number of protons and therefore
identical chemical properties, but different number of neutrons and different physical
properties. The isotopes can be stable and unstable or radioisotopes, the nuclei of the
latter having the property of emitting energy in the form of ionizing radiation as they seek
a more stable configuration.
Residuos radiactivos: Son desechos que contienen elementos químicos radiactivos que
no tienen un propósito práctico. Es frecuentemente el subproducto de un proceso nuclear,
como la fisión nuclear. El residuo también puede generarse durante el proceso de
combustible para los reactores o armas nucleares o en las aplicaciones médicas como la
radioterapia o la medicina nuclear.
Radón: Is a chemical element belonging to the group of noble gases. In its gaseous form
it is colorless, odorless and insipid and in solid form its color is reddish. In the periodic
table it has the number 86 and symbol Rn. Its average mass is 222, which implies that on
average it has 222-86 = 136 neutrons. Likewise, in the neutral state it corresponds to have
the same number of electrons as protons, that is, 86.:
S
SALES SALTS
Heavy metal salts (except of iron) or formaldehyde shall not be used for stripping or
depigmentation.
The chemical suppression is based on the use as eluent of slightly dissociated acid salts,
for example, NaHCO.
SAPONIFICACIÓN SAPONIFICATION
After saponification each batch will be analysed for free alkaly, and the batch will be
corrected to the target composition prior to cooling and noodling.
SECADO DRYING
El aire sobrante, el cual contiene finas partículas de polvo, de acuerdo con el principio de
expansión de volumen, logra la tasa de sedimentación deseada en la cámara de secado.
The excess air, which contains fine dust particles, according to the principle of volume
expansion, achieves the desired sedimentation rate in the drying chamber.
SEDIMENTACIÓN SEDIMENTATION
Poor emulsion stability can lead to separation of fat and sedimentation of insoluble
particles.
SEMIPERMEABLE SEMI-PERMEABLE
La ósmosis involucra la difusión del agua de una solución diluida a una solución
concentrada a través de una membrana semipermeable que sólo permite el paso del
agua.
Osmosis involves the diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution across a
semi-permeable membrane that allows only the passage of water.
SEMIRREACION HALF-REACTION
Existen resinas de intercambio iónico de reacción rápida que son resistentes al ácido
clorhídrico concentrado y diseñadas para tener una tasa de intercambio de tiempo de
semirreacción menor que 10 segundos y capaces de funcionar a temperaturas en la gama
de 373 K (100 °C) a 473 K (200 °C).
There are fast-acting ion exchange resins that are resistant to concentrated hydrochloric
acid and designed to have a half-reaction time exchange rate of less than 10 seconds and
capable of operating at temperatures in the range of 373 K (100 ° C) to 473 K (200 ° C).
SILICATOS SILICATE
La arcilla verde es una roca sedimentaria terrosa compuesta por silicatos de aluminio
hidratado, procedente de la descomposición de numerosas especies minerales.
SOLUBILIDAD SOLUBILITY
Las propiedades de mayor interés del ozono son su solubilidad en agua y su estabilidad
en medio líquido y gaseoso, ya que son las que permiten llevar adelante su aplicación
como desinfectante.
Ozone most interesting properties are its solubility in water and its stability in both liquid
and gaseous media, since these enable ozone to be applied as a disinfectant.
SOLUCIÓN SOLUTION
El electrolito es una solución acuosa que permite el transporte de iones entre los
electrodos y está compuesto de hidróxido de potasio.
The electrolyte is an aqueous solution that allows transport of ions between the electrodes
and is made of potassium hydroxide.
SOLUCIÓN CONCENTRADA CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS
Si los ojos llegan a estar en contacto con una solución concentrada pueden nacer graves
daños de los ojos seguidos con pérdida de la vista.
If the eyes come into contact with a concentrated solution, severe eye damage followed
with loss of sight can occur.
Una única aplicación de lejía con hipoclorito en solución diluida es poco probable que
anule la propiedad pirorresistente.
A single application of bleach with hypochlorite in diluted solution is unlikely annul the fire-
resisting property.
The statistical texture analysis showed significant differences between all the treatments
(fresh barks without any treatment, debased barks and impregnated with isotonic solution
and unraveled barks impregnated with vitamin E and D solution).
Es muy importante, para una correcta calibración, que la temperatura ambiente sea
estable y que sea la misma para la solución saturada que para la sonda por calibrar.
For correct calibration it is very important for the environment temperature to be stable
and for both the saturated solution and the probe to be calibrated to be at the same
temperature.
SOLUTO SOLUTE
The activated carbon must be periodically replaced when it becomes saturated and unable
to adsorb any more solute.
SOLVATACIÓN SOLVATION
Es probable que la hidratación hidrofóbica alrededor del anillo aromático y el grupo metilo
del acetaminofeno pueda tener un papel relevante en la solvatación del fármaco en
mezclas ricas de agua.
It is likely that the hydrophobic hydration around the aromatic ring and the methyl group of
acetaminophen may have a relevant role in the solvation of the drug in rich mixtures of
water.
SOLVENTE SOLVENT
SUBLIMACIÓN SUBLIMATION
Mineral compuesto de azufre y mercurio, muy pesado y de color rojo oscuro, del que se
extrae, por calcinación y sublimación, el mercurio o azogue.
Mineral composed of sulfur and mercury, very heavy and dark red, from which is extracted,
by calcination and sublimation, mercury or quicksilver.
SULFONACIÓN SULFONATION
Currently, four companies of fine chemicals have conducted pilot tests with different
reactions such as neutralization, sulfonation, nitration and polymerization.
SULFATACIÓN SULFATION
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in the degradation of phenol and methyl orange
increased significantly through the sulfation and metallization treatments of this oxide.
SURFACTANTE SURFACTANT
T
TAMIZADO SIEVING
The young men were visibly impressed by the work and learned about the whole
harvesting process from sieving and cleaning right up to the milling.
TEMPERATURA TEMPERATURE
La eficiencia energética del ciclo Rankine es mayor cuanta más alta es la presión y la
temperatura del vapor que mueve la turbina.
The energy efficiency of the Rankine cycle is higher the higher the pressure and the
temperature of the steam that moves the turbine.
Rudy Project through the front hydrophobic coating, virtually eliminates fogging and
reduces surface tension simply by causing the water to slip off the lens, removing moisture
from the surface.
TERMODINÁMICO THERMODYNAMIC
TERMOESTABLE THERMOSETTING
El adhesivo de caucho natural termoestable necesita un ciclo de vulcanización a
temperaturas menores para alcanzar su máximo rendimiento, pero está limitado a 130 °C
en el uso continuo.
The thermosetting natural rubber adhesive needs a vulcanization cycle at lower
temperatures to reach its maximum performance, but is limited to 130 ° C in continuous
use.
TERMOPLÁSTICO THERMOPLASTIC
Gracias a la combinación incomparable de sus cualidades, el Policarbonato como el
primer termoplástico técnico reemplaza muchos materiales tradicionales.
As the premier engineering thermoplastic, polycarbonate replaces the limitations of many
traditional materials with its unmatched combination of high performance features.
TERMOQUIMICA THERMOCHEMICAL
TOXICIDAD TOXICITY
El prensado no sirve únicamente para obtener la forma plana del producto; también influye
en la curación y en el secado, se evita un secado irregular resultante de una transferencia
de masa intensiva en las capas superficiales y de un retraso de transferencia en el centro,
que generaría defectos.
The pressing does not only serve to obtain the flat shape of the product; it also influences
curing and drying, avoiding irregular drying resulting from an intensive mass transfer in
the surface layers and a transfer delay in the center, which would generate defects.
TRANSMUTACIÓN TRANSMUTATION
Las técnicas avanzadas para la separación química y nuclear y la minimización de
residuos de vida larga (denominadas en general "técnicas de separación y
transmutación") son, asimismo, campos importantes de investigación.
Advanced techniques for the chemical and nuclear separation and minimisation of long-
life waste (usually collectively referred to as "partitioning and transmutation") are also
important areas of research.
TROPOSFERA TROPOSPHERE
Las emisiones de NOx de los aviones contribuyen a la formación de ozono en la
troposfera superior y la estratosfera inferior.
In the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere NOx emissions from aircraft
contribute to the formation of ozone.
U
UNIDAD DE MASA UNIT MASS
La absorción específica de energía (SA, specific energy absorption ) se define como la
energía absorbida por unidad de masa de tejido biológico, expresada en julios por
kilogramo (J/kg).
Specific energy absorption (SA) is defined as the energy absorbed per unit mass of
biological tissue, expressed in joules per kilogram (J / kg).
URANIO URANIUM
Los incidentes relacionados con la posesión ilícita de uranio altamente enriquecido y
plutonio fueron especialmente preocupantes.
The incidents related to the illicit possession of highly enriched uranium and plutonium
were of particular concern.
V
VACUOLE
vacuola
VACUUM
vacío vacuo
VACUUM BACK
placa de vacío
VACUUM CLEANER
limpiador de vacío
VACUUM CONDENSER
condensador de vacio
VACUUM DISTILLATION
destilación al vacio
VACUUM DRIER
destilador al vacío
VADOSE WATER
agua subterránea
VALENCE VALENCY
valencia
VALUATION
valoración apreciación
VALUE
Valorar