XII Commerce PDF
XII Commerce PDF
XII Commerce PDF
ENGLISH
1. Ronit Narang has been selected to play in cricket matches as a member of the famous Kolkata Knight
Riders. To celebrate his selection, his parents Sudhir and Sunita Narang want to give a party for him at
the Park Hotel, Ranchi. Write an invitation to Ronit’s friend Misha/Manas Arora inviting him/her for
the same.
2. You are the Principal of St. Mary’s School, New Delhi. You wish to invite the Joint Commissioner of
Police (Traffic) to hold a demonstration for the observance of ‘ Safety Week’ at your school. Draft a
formal invitation for the same.
3. Nowadays, people have become so busy with their own lives that they have forgotten the little
pleasures of life. We have forgotten how to enjoy quiet walks or sit with a cup of tea or coffee and
just enjoy the scenery. Write a speech reminding your friends about the simple pleasures of life that
are taken for granted. You are Meera/Mohit Kapoor.
4. ‘Private cars should be banned in the congested commercial areas of the cities.’ Write a debate in
about 150-200 words either for or against the motion.
5. MMD School, Nashik, recently organized a science symposium on the topic: ‘Effect of Pollution on
Quality Of Life’. Write a report on the event for your school magazine in about 120-150 words.
Accountancy
Project 1:
Mr. Kanha had 1000 shares of ICICI Limited of ` 100 each in March 2014, he sold his share @ `
980 each. With this amount, he decided to set up a business of Kid garments on 1 stApril 2014
under the name of
M/s Alpana Kids Garments. He decided that all transaction should be made through bank and
deposited the whole money in Dena Bank. He purchased a running factory of kid garments
consisting of factory land and building 4,00,000, plant and machinery 3,50,000, furniture
50,000, stock 90,000 but agreed to pay 9,50,000 as purchase consideration. He later
approached his banker for a loan to meet the working capital requirements. Bank advanced
loan amounting to 4,00,000 @ 10% per annum. He purchased a laptop
for 30,000. His transaction for the year ended 31st March 2015 were as follows:
Total purchase (8,30,000 in credit) 12,40,000
Total sales (15,25,000 in credit) 20,50,000
Wages 2,30,000
Carriage inward 20,500
Power and lighting 15,500
Salary of office and manager 1,25,000
Postage and call 4,200
Printing and stationery 3,800
Advertisements 16,700
Insurance premium 12,100
Conveyance 13,200
Cash received from debtors 12,10,000
10% Fixed deposits in dinner Bank 5,00,000
Paid to creditors 6,50,000
Bill received from debtors 1,00,000
Bill accepted in favour of creditors 80,000
Drawings during the year at the rate ` 5,000 per month 60,000
You are required to:
Journalise these transactions and post them into ledger accounts and prepare a Trial Balance.
Prepare Trading and Profit and loss account for the year ended 31 st March 2015 and Balance
Sheet as at that date after considering the following adjustments:
Adjustments:
Closing stock ` 1,10,000. Depreciate land and building by 5%, Plant and machinery and
furniture by 10% and computer by 25%.
Salary outstanding ` 8, 000 and wages outstanding ` 15,000.
Insurance premium prepaid ` 1,200.
Accrued interest ` 25,000
Comment on the profitability and short term solvency of the firm when similar firms earn gross
profits@ 20% and net profit of 10%.
Also compute interest coverage ratio to see whether the firm can meet its interest burden
regularly in future.
In future M/s Alpana kids garments would be in need of more funds for expension purpose. For
this they are planning to approach the bank for further loan. Suggest on the basis of the ratios
calculated above, whether bank can grant more loan to this firm?
Project 2:
Mr Tushar decided to start a computer business. For this purpose he built the first floor of his
house at a cost of ` 2,00,000 and invested a further sum of ` 3,50,000 in this in this business.
He wanted to start with 12 computers costing ` 40,000 each. He approached ICICI bank and
secured loan to the extent of 75% of the cost of computers. It was agreed that loan will be
repaid in 4 annual instalments as follows:
At the end of the first year : (90,000 + 36,000 for interest)
At the end of the second year : (90,000 + 27,000 for interest)
At the end of the third year : (90,000 + 18,000 for interest)
At the end of the fourth year : (90,000 + 9,000 for interest)
He started business on 1st April 2017. On the same date he deposited ` 3,30,000 in the bank.
He purchased computers and paid 25% of the value of computers from his bank and ` 3,60,000
out of bank loan availed. He deposited ` 10,000 for the the electric connection with the
electricity board and also deposited ` 1,50,000 with the VSNL for Internet and telephone
connection.
He spent ` 40,000 getting the computer Café furnished and also spend ` 6,000 in getting the
pamphlets printed and distributed.
All payments were to be made by cheque and all the receipts were to be deposited into bank
on the same day.
At the end of the year, the results were:
Purchase of computer stationery in like floppy discs, cds extra ` 92,000
Revenue from fees received from students of computer classes ` ,70,000
Revenue on account of internet facility ` ,20,000
Revenue from sale of computer stationery ` ,60,000
wages paid to servants ` 12,000
electricity charges ` 48,000
telephone charges ` 73,000
entertainment expenses ` 7,000
general expenses ` 5,200
He withdrew ` 5,000 by cheque and each month for his personal expenses and duly paid
the bank loan.
You are required to :
Journalise the above transactions, post them into ledger and prepare a trial balance.
Prepare Trading and Profit and loss account and Balance Sheet taking into consideration
that telephone bill of ` 6,800 is yet to be paid.
Depreciate building by 5%, furniture by 20% and computer by 30%Calculate profitability
ratios and comment on the efficiency of the business if the norms set for gross profit ratio
and net profit ratio in similar type of business enterprises are 60% and 25% respectively.
Mr Tushar wants to expand his business. He approached the bank for further loan.
Compute the ratios that the bank manager will take into consideration before granting the
loan (Current ratio quick ratio and debt equity ratio).
Project 3:
After the graduation, Mollie started a business of footwear named “Style wear”. Her father
gave ` 760000 as capital in gift. She also took a loan of `400000 on 1st April 2014 from
Axis Bank at an interest rate of 10% per annum. She purchased a shop for ` 330000 in a
shopping mall and started her business from 1st April 2014. She deposited ` 5000 for
electricity connection with TPDDL Ltd. And ` 10,000 as a security for the shop in the mall.
On the same date, she made some purchases as follows:
Furniture ` 80000 (by cash)
Goods ( footwear) ` 120000 ( by cash)
On 1st May 2014 she transferred the savings account balance of ` 120000 into current
account in the name of “Style wear” and treated this amount as an additional capital. On
the same date, she also appointed Raju and Rahim as salesman at the salary of ` 8000 per
month each. She paid ` 22000 on 1st May to Mahima interiors for furnishing her showroom.
All the payments were made by cheque, except wages, freight and cartage. All the
receipts were in cash and were deposited into bank on the same day.
The summary of transactions which took place during the year are as follow:
Cash sales ` 15,70,000
Credit sales ` 3,30,000
Cash purchase ` 7,10,000
Credit purchase ` 60,000
Wages paid ` 15,000
Electricity expenses paid ` 70,000
Telephone expenses ` 55,000
Freight and cartage ` 22,000
Advertisement expenses ` 30,000
Miscellaneous expenses ` 11,000
Telephone expenses outstanding ` 1,000
Electricity expenses due but not paid ` 13,000
She withdrew ` 5000 per month by cheque for her personal. Depreciation was charged @
5% per annum on shop and 10% per annum on furniture. Closing stock was valued at `
175000.
You are required to journalize the above transactions. Post them into ledger and prepare a
trial balance as at 31st March 2015.
Prepare trading and profit and loss account for the year ended 31st March 2015 and
Balance Sheet as at 31st March 2015.
Calculate profitability ratios (Gross profit ratio, Net profit ratio and Return on capital
employed) to assess the profitability of the firm.
Determine the short term and long term solvency position of the firm with the help of the
following ratios: current ratio, quick Ratio, debt equity ratio, proprietary ratio.
Project 4:
ECONOMICS:
1) What are the reasons that led to the adoption of new economic policy?
2) what was the principal objective of IPR1956? Did we really achieve it?
3) Was is inward looking trade policy? How relevant it is in the context of growth and development?
4) Describe the recent changes in the direction of India’s exports and imports.
5) It is said that New economic policy is liberal. Do you agree? Give arguments in support of your answer.
6) Evaluate the fiscal reforms introduced under the new economic policy.
7) Why was public sector given a leading role in industrial development during the planning period?
8) While subsidies encourage farmers to use new technology, they are a huge burden on government finances. Discuss
the usefulness of subsidies in this context.
9) Distinguish between Centrally planned economy and Mixed economy.
10) Explain how import substitution can protect domestic industry.
11) Discuss economic reforms in the light of social justice and welfare.
12) How change in money supply can contribute to stability in the economy?
13) Bring out the differences between central bank and commercial banks on the basis of functions they perform.
14) Using the equation of consumption function C= c+bY, calculate consumption expenditure at the income level of
500 Crores. ,if autonomous consumption is 40 cr. and 40% of additional income is saved.
15) Explain the components of domestic factor income.
16) In the present scenario when the industrial growth is low, do you think a cut in repo rate by the RBI would
accelerate the pace of economic growth?
17) State briefly the various instruments of monetary policy.
18) Explain the currency authority function of Central Bank.
19) The consumption function for an economy is C=20+0.8Y.Determine the level of income when APC will be equal to
one.
20) Draw a straight line saving curve on a diagram for an economy. From it derive the consumption curve, explaining
the method of derivation. Show a point on the consumption curve at which average propensity to consume is equal
to 1.
21) PROJECT WORK (As discussed in the class)
Maths
Q.1: Find the value of ‘a’ for which the function f defined as
𝜋
𝑎 sin 2 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 ≤ 0
f(x) = { 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 is continuous at x=0
𝑥³
𝑥 > 0
𝑑𝑦
Q.2: If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑥+𝑦 , find .
𝑑𝑥
Q.3 : Determine the values of a, b & c for which the function
sin(𝑎+1)𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑥<0
𝑥
f(x) = 𝑐 𝑥 = 0 may be continuous at x=0.
√𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 − √𝑥
{ 𝑏√𝑥 3 𝑥>0
1
Q.4:Show that the function f(x) = xm sin( ) , x ≠ 0
𝑥
0 ,x=0
is (i) differentiable at x = 0 , if m> 1 (ii) not differentiable at x = 0 , if 0< 𝑚 < 1 .
𝑑𝑦
Q.5 : If x = sec𝜃 – cos𝜃 and y = secn𝜃- cosn𝜃, then show that : (x2 + 4) (𝑑𝑥 )2 = n2(y2 + 4) .
sin 3𝑥
Q.6 :Show that f( x) = tan 2𝑥
if x < 0
3
if x = 0 is continuous at x = 0 .
2
log( 1+3𝑥)
if x>0
𝑒 2𝑥 − 1
𝑑²𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q.7 : If y = [ log( x + √𝑥² + 𝑎² )]² , show that (x² + a²) +x -2=0.
𝑑𝑥² 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Q.8 :If y = sin−1 [𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 − √𝑥 √1 − x² ] and 0< x < 1 then find .
𝑑𝑥
√1−x² 1
Q.9 :Differentiate tan−1 with respect to cos−1(2𝑥 √1 − x² ) where < x<1.
𝑥 √2
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦²
Q.10 :If √1 − x² + √1 − y² = a( x – y) , prove that =√ .
𝑑𝑥 1−x²
𝑑²𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q.11 : If x = sin t and y = sin pt , prove that ( 1 - - x²) 𝑑𝑥²
=0. x𝑑𝑥 + p2y
Q.12: Using mean value theorem, prove that there is a point on the curve y = 2x2 – 5x + 3 between the
points A(1 , 0)
and B(2 , 1) where tangent is parallel to chord AB. Also find that point .
−𝑥
𝑥 𝑦
Q.13:Show that the line 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 touches the curve y = b 𝑒 𝑎 at the point where the curve intersects
the axis of y .
Q.14:Find the angle of intersection of the curves y2 = x and x2 = y .
𝜋
Q.15: Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sin4x + cos4x , 0≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 , is strictly increasing or
decreasing .
1 𝑑²𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q.16: If x = tan ( 𝑎 log y) , then show that ( 1 + x2)𝑑𝑥² + (2x – a)𝑑𝑥 = 0 .
2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
Q.17: If y = tan−1(√𝑎−𝑏 tan2 ) , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = ,a>b>0.
√𝑎 2 − 𝑏2 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Q.18: Find the equations of the tangent and normal lines to the curve y = t2 + 4t + 1 and x = t2 + t + 1 at
the point ( 3, 6) .
Q.19 : Find the equations of the tangent and normal lines to the curve 16 x2 + 9y2 = 144 at ( x1 , y1)
where x1 = 2 and
y1> 0 . Also find the points of intersection where both tangent and normal cut the x- axis.
Q.20 : Show that the curves x2+ y2 = 2a2 and xy = a2 touch each other .
𝑥 𝑑²𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Q.21 : If y = x log( 𝑎+𝑏𝑥 ) then show that x3 (𝑑𝑥² ) = ( x 𝑑𝑥 - y )2 .
𝑑²𝑦 𝜋
Q.22 : Find 𝑑𝑥²
at 𝜃 = 6 if x = a cos3 𝜃 , y = a sin3 𝜃 .
Physical Education:
Project:
*To be done on coloured A 4 sheets
*Maximum number of pages 15-20
1.(1)Motor fitness test and (2) General motor fitness test
2.Procedure for administering Senior Citizen Fitness test for 5 elderly family members.
Practical File:
*To be done in physical education practical file
1.Athletics- Labelled diagram of 400m Track and Field with computation.
2.Procedure for Asanas, benefits and contraindications for any two asanas for each lifestyle disease.
3.Labelled diagram of field and equipment of Volleyball with all the Rules, Terminologies and Skills of the
game.
Psychology
Revise Chapters 1-4.
Prepare your own objective-type questions from each chapter, and answer them. (Minimum 25
questions from each chapter)
Learn all the key terms.
Write down answers for the review questions given at the end of
each chapter.
Prepare a project file for a case study on any one psychological disorder.
HOME SCIENCE
Q1. Name the ingredients of ORS, recommended by WHO.
Q2. What are the social issues have been focused under DWACRA?
Q3. Which five points you will kept in mind while storing drinking water in the house?
Q4. A family is served a meal consisting of dal, rice, curd and chapattis. Evaluate this meal and suggest
modification along with reasons. What additional changes are necessary, if this meal is served to lactating mother
and why?
Q5. List the objectives of DWACRA.
Q6. Meal planning is influenced by age and occupation. Support this statement with two examples each.
Q7. Name the diseases caused by impure water. How will you make water potable with the help of alum?
Q8. Explain the principles of meal planning with example
Q9. Giyani, a 16 years old girl, tried to commit suicide due to her failure in board exams for last two years.
Recognize the state
of Giyani undergoing. Define it in short and write its five common symptoms.
Q10. Write two disadvantages an adolescent may suffer from if he/she is not a member of any group?
Q11. Within 15 days of getting your juicer-mixer repaired, it stopped working. State the two ways to deal with
this problem.
Q12. People suffering from jaundice need to be very careful about their diet. Give four dietary points they should
adopt?
Q13. Marsh is a laborer who does hard physical labor for about 12 hours a day. Enumerate four factors that his
wife must kept in mind while preparing his lunch.
Q14. Abita is a house wife. She wants to save fuel by meal planning. Suggest her some ways of doing this.
Q15. Plan a day’s menu for an adult suffering from diarrhea. Also make a list of practical considerations that you
will kept in mind before planning menu.
Q16. Certain chemicals are used for purification of water. Given below are some chemicals which are used for
same purpose. Explain them in short.
Chlorine
Bleaching powder
Q17. Economic status has a great effect on cognitive development. Explain the statement in brief.
Q18. Intoxication is a curse that harms the entire prospects of teenagers. Enumerate various ways in which its
bad effects are manifested.
Q19. Due to intense work pressure at home and office, working women sometimes suffer from stress that results
in Hypertension. Define hypertension. What are its symptoms that can help in diagnosing the problem?
Q20. Name the food products which do not contain sodium.
Q21. Write four social traits which develop in adolescence.
Q22. Games play an important role in cognitive development. How do they inculcate the social values in the
adolescents?
Q23. Mr. Sharma lives in a joint family comprising of different individuals. Each member has its own particular
nutritional needs according to their age, gender, occupation, health status etc. Explain how their meal planning is
affected by it.
Q24. What are the important things you will kept in mind while planning a meal for a pre-scholar?
Q25. Media effects the selection of food in both negative and positive ways. Give examples of adverse effect of
media on selection of food.
PROJECT:
Write a report on the needs and problems of old age.
Write a report on the needs and problems of adolescents.
FINE ARTS
Practical : Compositions sheet -5
Landscape sheets - 5
Still life copied - 1
Decorate your file cover
Make headings of still life, landscapes, compositions.
Theory: Learn unit-1 and 2.
Rajasthani, pahadi, mughal, Deccan school.
Computer Science:
Revision of Ch. 1 to 5, 9 with back exercise and sample question paper given.
IP:
Revise chapter 1 & 2.