15-Nguyen Van Thin-Bai Bao28!3!2007

Otte
DEFINING SEQUENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

ANALYSIS FOR BUILDINGS IN ETABS 2016
AND SAP2000 V19
I. Overview
Since the past, multi-storey building frames have been analyzed in a single step as a complete frame
with all the loads acting on the building namely self-weight, super-imposed dead loads, live loads, and
the lateral loads being applied on the frame at a given instant when the construction of the whole
frame is completed. In actual, the dead load due to each structural components and finishing items
are imposed in separate stages as the structures are constructed storey by storey.
The performance of a structure with the various loads applied in a single step differs significantly from
that when the loads are applied in stages. Hence, in order to simulate the actual condition during the
construction of the frame, the frame should be analyzed at every construction stage taking into
account variation of loads. The phenomenon known as Sequential Construction Analysis is used to
analyze the structure at each storey.
Sequential construction analysis is a nonlinear static analysis which takes into account the concept of
incremental loading. Buildings with transfer beams or transfer slabs are vulnerable to the effect of
sequential construction this is because when sequential construction is ignored, the analysis assumes
that the entire loads are carried by the entire structure, i.e. vierendeel truss action. Sequential
construction is also important on analysis of high rise buildings where creep and shrinkage must be
considered.
Sequential construction in ETABS 2016 and SAP2000 v19 allows you to easily define a sequence of
stages wherein you can add or remove portions of the structure, selectively apply load to portions of
the structure. The sequence of stages can be matched on how the building will be built. Time-
dependent material behavior such as aging, creep, and shrinkage can also be considered.
This technical note discusses on how to use the built-in Nonlinear Staged Construction Analysis (Auto-
generated or Manual) in ETABS 2016 / SAP2000 v19. This technical note will also briefly show the
difference on the results between a normal linear elastic analysis and sequential construction analysis.
Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 1

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II. Activating Auto Generated Staged Construction Analysis
ETABS 2016 and SAP2000 v19 has built-in Auto Construction Sequence tool that can be used to
account for sequential construction effect.
Click on to Define>Auto Construction Sequence Case… tick “Case is Active” in the dialogue box that
will appear.
Loads to be applied are typically the Dead Loads, and part of Live Loads (optional).
A new Auto Nonlinear Static Staged Construction load case will be generated. This load case cannot
be modified.
In the generated Auto Nonlinear Static Staged Construction load case, the number of stages and
number of operations on each stage corresponds to the grouping of stories specified in the Auto
Sequential Construction setting.

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Looking at the above operation, the program’s first operation is to add structure, and then followed
by operation to load the objects that has just been added with the Dead Load pattern with scale factor
of 1 just as previously specified. The operation for all the stages can also be viewed using the “Tree
View” button.

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A sequential construction load case can also be added manually in ETABS 2016 and SAP2000 v19.
Click on to Define>Load Cases… add a new load case and select “Nonlinear Staged Construction” as
Load Case Type.
III. Linear Elastic Analysis vs. Sequential Analysis
A 6-storey model below has been analyzed for both Linear Elastic Analysis and Sequential Construction
Analysis for dead load case. The 6-storey model involves a transfer beam at Storey 1 along gridline 1.

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Two different cases were also considered: (1) all beams with same size; and (2) the transfer beam
has bigger size.
(Case 1) All the beams, including the transfer beam, have the same size of 600(D) x 300(W).
Axial force on the column that is supported by the transfer beam:
The axial force on the column from Sequential Construction Analysis is about (10) times larger than in
Linear Elastic Analysis.
B. Bending moment on transfer beam:

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The bending moment on the transfer beam from Sequential Construction Analysis is about (3) times
larger than in Linear Elastic Analysis.
C. Displacement:
The midspan displacement on the transfer beam from Sequential Construction Analysis is about (2.5)
times larger than in Linear Elastic Analysis. In contrast, the displacement on top of columns are smaller
Sequential Construction Analysis. This is because in Sequential Construction Analysis, the bottom of
the columns of the next stage is inserted at the undeformed state of that joint and neglecting the joint
displacements from the lower floors as it is assumed that the floor will leveled prior to construction
of the next floor.
(Case 2) The transfer beam is enlarged to 900(D) x 300(W), all other beams have the same size of
600(D) x 300(W).
Axial force on the column that is supported by the transfer beam:

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The axial force on the column from Sequential Construction Analysis is still about (3) times larger than
in Linear Elastic Analysis.
B. Bending moment on transfer beam:
The bending moment on the transfer beam from Sequential Construction Analysis is about (2) times
larger than in Linear Elastic Analysis.
C. Displacement:
The midspan displacement on the transfer beam from Sequential Construction Analysis is about (2)
times larger than in Linear Elastic Analysis.

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The result from the two cases above shows the sensitiveness of sequential construction effects on
transfer structures and thus should not be neglected.

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Otte

DEFINING SEQUENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 1

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 2

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 3

III. Linear Elastic Analysis vs. Sequential Analysis

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 4

Axial force on the column that is supported by the transfer beam:

B. Bending moment on transfer beam:

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 5

Axial force on the column that is supported by the transfer beam:

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 6

B. Bending moment on transfer beam:

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 7

Otte Technical Note No.: TN-S03 Rev. 0 8

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