Economics

1.
Ang ekonomika o ekonomiks (Ingles: economics) bilang isang agham panlipunan, ay

ang pag-aaral sa paglikha,pamamahagi, at pagkonsumo ng kalakal
2. Oikos at nomos
3. Sir James Steuart (1767) wrote the first book in English with 'political economy' in
the title, explaining that just as:
4. Economy in general [is] the art of providing for all the wants of a family, [so the
science of political economy] seeks to secure a certain fund of subsistence for all
the inhabitants, to obviate every circumstance which may render it precarious; to
provide every thing necessary for supplying the wants of the society, and to
employ the inhabitants ... in such manner as naturally to create reciprocal
relations and dependencies between them, so as to supply one another with
reciprocal wants.[3]
5. The title page gave as its subject matter "population, agriculture, trade, industry,
money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit and
taxes".[3]economics are important for our life
6. J.B. Say (1803), distinguishing the subject from its public-policy uses, defines it
as the science of production, distribution, and consumption of wealth.[5] On
thesatirical side, Thomas Carlyle (1849) coined 'the dismal science' as
an epithet for classical economics, in this context, commonly linked to the
pessimistic analysis ofMalthus (1798).[6] John Stuart Mill (1844) defines the
subject in a social context as:
7. The science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise
from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth, in so far
as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object. [7]
8. The shift from the social to the individual level appears within the main works of
the Marginal Revolution. Carl Menger's definition reflects the focus on the
economizing man:
9. For economic theory is concerned, not with practical rules for economic activity,
but with the conditions under which men engage in provident activity directed to
the satisfaction of their needs.[8]
10. William Stanley Jevons, another very influential author of the Marginal Revolution
defines economics highlighting the hedonic and quantitative aspects of the
science:
11. In this work I have attempted to treat Economy as a Calculus of Pleasure and
Pain, and have sketched out, almost irrespective of previous opinions, the form
which the science, as it seems to me, must ultimately take. I have long thought
that as it deals throughout with quantities, it must be a mathematical science in
matter if not in language.[9]
12. Alfred Marshall provides a still widely cited definition in his textbook Principles of
Economics (1890) that extends analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to
themicroeconomic level, creating a certain synthesis of the views of those still
more sympathetic with the classical political economy (with social wealth focus)
and those early adopters of the views expressed in the Marginal Revolution (with
individual needs focus). Marshall's inclusion of the expression wellbeing was also
very significant to the discussion on the nature of economics:
13. Political Economy or Economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary business of
life; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely
connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of
wellbeing. Thus it is on the one side a study of wealth; and on the other, and
more important side, a part of the study of man.[10]
14. Lionel Robbins (1932) developed implications of what has been termed
"[p]erhaps the most commonly accepted current definition of the subject":[11]
15. Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship
between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.[12]
16. Robbins describes the definition as not classificatory in "pick[ing] out
certain kinds of behaviour" but rather analytical in "focus[ing] attention on a
particular aspect of behaviour, the form imposed by the influence of scarcity."[13]
17. Some subsequent comments criticized the definition as overly broad in failing to
limit its subject matter to analysis of markets. From the 1960s, however, such
comments abated as the economic theory of maximizing behavior and rational-
choice modeling expanded the domain of the subject to areas previously treated
in other fields.[14] There are other criticisms as well, such as in scarcity not
accounting for the macroeconomics of high unemployment.[15]
18. Gary Becker, a contributor to the expansion of economics into new areas,
describes the approach he favors as "combin[ing the] assumptions of maximizing
behavior, stable preferences, and market equilibrium, used relentlessly and
unﬂinchingly."[16] One commentary characterizes the remark as making
economics an approach rather than a subject matter but with great specificity as
to the "choice process and the type of social interaction that [such] analysis
involves."[17]
19. John Neville Keynes regarded the discussion leading up to the definition of
economics more important than the definition itself.[18] It would be a way to reveal
the scope, direction and troubles the science faces.
1. Natututo tayo na maging isang responsableng mamimili o

mabuting prodyuser. Napag-iisipan ng bawat indibidwal
kung paano gagamitin ng maayos ang salapi at matututunan
ang kahalagahan ng pagbabadyet.
2. Nauunawaan natin ang mga pangyayari na naganap at
nagaganap na nakaiimpluwensiya sa ating pamumuhay at ng
buong bansa.
3. Nakapagbibigay tayo ng matalinong opinyon at panukala
kung paano mabibigyan ng solusyon ang mga suliraning
pangkabuhayan na kinakaharap ng ating pamayanan at bansa.
4. Nakagagawa tayo ng isang matalinong desisyon upang
matugunan natin ang pansariling suliranin na may kinalaman
sa ating kabuhayan.
5. Nagiging mahusay tayong botante, sapagka't mas
naiintindihan natin ang responsibilidad ng ating mga lider sa
pagpapalago ng ating ekonomiya.

Economics

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1.

Ang ekonomika o ekonomiks (Ingles: economics) bilang isang agham panlipunan, ay

1. Natututo tayo na maging isang responsableng mamimili o

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