TCVN 9394

7.
Jack-in Pile Foundation Method:
7.1 Selection of Piling Machine must follow these requirements:
Capacity of the machine must not less than 1.4 times Maximum Design Jacking Force.
Ensure the force exerted on the center of the pile when being pressed from the top and being evenly
distributed to all sides of the pile when grip jacking, preventing horizontal load.
Piling Machine must have Periodic Inspection Certificate on Pressure Gauge and Oil Valves with recorded
calibration table, issued by competent authority.
7.2 Choosing of jack-in rig counter-weights reaction system depends on site condition, soil condition and
capacity of the piling machine. Counter-weight system might be created by anchoring to earth or putting
counter weights on the soil surface when using pre-jacking method, or preinstall anchors in structure
foundation using building weight as counter weight system when using Post-Jacking Method. In all
situation, total counter weight must not less than 1.1 times the Maximum Design Jacking Force.
7.3 Timing for commencement of piling pressing when using building weight as counter weight must be
included in design, depending on building structure, existing total weight of counter-weight reaction
system and signed inspection form of the pile caps where the system being anchored to.
7.4 Inspection of location & balance of Pile Jacking machine includes:
Axis of pressing device must be coinciding with center axis of the pressed pile
Working plan or “working surface” must be horizontal (can be checked by spirit leveler)
Direction of pressing device must be vertical and perpendicular with working surface
Test run the machine to check the stability all systems by applying 10% to 15% of design load
7.5 Pile toe must be installed carefully, perpendicular to working surface by both directions with
eccentricity less than 10mm. Force exerting on pile need to increase gradually with penetration rate less
than 1cm/s. In case of detection of inclined pile, stop pressing and adjust the pile.
7.6 Pressing of next pile sections include following steps:
a) Inspect both pile heads, fix to achieve desired flatness; Inspect pile joints carefully; position the next
pile section to match the central axis of the pile section and central axis of pile toe. Inclined from vertical
direction must not exceed 1%
b) applying 10% to 15% of design load while doing joint welding; welding proceeded following design
specification
c) Force exerting on pile need to increase gradually with penetration rate less than 2cm/s.
d) Avoid stopping Pile toe too long in quasi-plastic soil. (due to welding time or ending of work shift)
7.7 When pressing force suddenly increased, following phenomenon might be encountered:
- Pile toe penetrate to hard soil layer

- Pile toe hit unidentified object
- Pile slanted, pile toe hit nearby pile
In all situation, need to quickly identify solution to resolve the issue quickly. Following could be the
solution:
- Inclined pile exceed allowable tolerance, broken pile need to be pulled out, pile shall be repressed
or additional pile shall be pressed (decided by design specification)
- If unidentified object, incompressible sand, hard clay was hit, pilot hole drilling or high pressure
water jetting could be used.
7.8 Jack-in Pile can be considered as completed when:
a) Length of pressed pile in soil not smaller than L min and not exceed L max, where L min & L max
predicted in design specification.
b) Pressing force before stopping in between minimum Pressing force & maximum Pressing force.
In case one or both of the above mentioned conditions were not met, submit report to Designer for
method of rectification.
7.9 pressing force shall be recorded for every meter of the pile until the force reach minimum pressing
force. Then, pressing force shall be recorded for every 20cm until completion, or follow request from
consultant, designer.
7.10 For Post-jacking method, inspection work for pile cap and end bearing pile shall be executed follow
the existing building standard and requirement.
8. Supervision and Inspection
8.1 The contractor must have technicians who regularly monitor the work of lowering the pile, recording
the log down. The supervisory consultant or representative of the Investor should check and accept the
Contractor in accordance with the regulations on stopping the pile mentioned above for each pile at the
site, making the acceptance report according to the printed form (see Appendix A, E). In the event of
malfunctioning or damaged piles the Contractor shall inform the Designer to take appropriate remedies;
The incidents should be resolved immediately after being mass-built, when acceptance is only based on
valid dossiers, there are no disputes.
8.2 When piling to design depth but not reaching the set level, the Contractor must re-check their piling
process, maybe the pile has been skewed or broken, it is necessary to press additional piling and tests of
pile integrity (PIT) and Pile Driving Analyzer Testing (PDA) to determine the cause, inform designer for
remedial measures.
8.3 When piling to achieve the specified level of refusal, but the pile has not reached the designed depth,
the pile may encounter obstacles, the geological conditions of the project changed, the ground was
pushed up ..., the Contractor should clearly identify the cause to take corrective measures.
8.4 Acceptance of pile construction works based on the following documents:
a) Approved design dossier;

b) Minutes of acceptance test of position of pile foundation;
c) Certificate of ex-warehousing of the pile according to the terms stated in section 3 on trade piles;
d) Diary of piling and minutes of acceptance of each pile;
e) The pile completion documents have mismatch notes according to ground and depth and additional
piles and approved design changes;
f) Results of pile driving test (Refusal record and PDA test if available);
g) Results of the test of pile integral testing - small deformation test (PIT) in accordance with the Design;
h) The test results of compressing static pile according to TCVN 9393: 2012.
8.5 The deviation from the design position of the pile shaft to working surface shall not exceed the value
stated in Table 11 or in the design.
Deviation on the ground
Type of pile and how to arrange them Pile eccentricity
1) Piles with edge or diameter up to 0.5 m

a) When arranging a row 0,2d
b) When arranging a tape or group of 2 and 3 rows
- Margin piles 0,2d
- Middle pile 0,3d
c) Expenses for arranging more than 3 rows on a tape or pile
- Margin piles 0,2d
- Middle pile 0,4d
d) Single pile 5 cm
e) Bearing Pile 3 cm
2) Hollow round piles with diameters from 0.5 m to 0.8 m
a) Margin 10 cm
b) Middle pile 15 cm
c) Single pile under column 8 cm
3) Piles lowering through guide pipes (when building bridges) The axis deviation at the top level of the installed
duct shall not exceed 0,025D at the water port
(where D is the depth of the water at the pipe
fitting) and ± 25 mm in the water-free basin
NOTE: The number of piles should not exceed 25% of the total number of piles when arranged in strips, while the
clustering under the column should not exceed 5%. The ability to use piles with a deviation greater than the values in
Table 11 will be specified by the Design.
8.6 The contractor needs to organize monitoring during the construction of the pile (for piles, the rise of
adjacent piles and the ground, surrounding structures ...).
8.7 Acceptance of piling and pressing works according to current regulations. Acceptance records are kept
throughout the design life of the building

TCVN 9394

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7.

Jack-in Pile Foundation Method:

7.1 Selection of Piling Machine must follow these requirements:

7.4 Inspection of location & balance of Pile Jacking machine includes:

7.6 Pressing of next pile sections include following steps:

- Pile toe penetrate to hard soil layer

- Pile slanted, pile toe hit nearby pile

7.8 Jack-in Pile can be considered as completed when:

8. Supervision and Inspection

8.4 Acceptance of pile construction works based on the following documents:

a) Approved design dossier;

d) Diary of piling and minutes of acceptance of each pile;

Type of pile and how to arrange them Pile eccentricity

1) Piles with edge or diameter up to 0.5 m

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