500 Criminal

Victim precipitated homicide
Every criminal happening consists of two participants, offender, and victim. Mostly criminal
behavior of the offender is an influential factor. This is reason researchers are paying attention in
developing understanding victim account in crimes. Marvin Wolfgang was first person shedding
light on offender-victim relationship particularly during homicides. He introduced the term of
Victim precipitation homicide first time. Homicide means killing a human being due to any
reason. Victim precipitation homicide means victim play any role in the incident causing
homicide incident to happen. Killing can be intentional and non-intentional in nature. (Petherick,
2014)
Victim precipitated is an important theory in criminology introduced to analyze ways of victim
interaction with possible criminal which leads to the crime being committed. Victim precipitated
homicide is an incident of homicide where the victim played an important role. This role can be
verbal, physical or emotional. The victim is the first person who uses any force against his
subsequent killer. Victim precipitated homicide theory is especially applicable where the victim
is a direct contributor to criminal incidents. (Ferguson, 2009)
Very few homicide incidents happen with complete planning and intentional motives. In most
cases, situational anger serves as the active cause of crime. Situational rage is a sudden snap at a
situation, dialog, or incident where mind sudden activates the defensive mode. Situational rage is
commonly witnessed on the road while driving. Situational rage causes homicide on road easily
like hitting due to rage. Situational or accumulate rage is especially known is a case of domestic
issues, where one person strikes first and second kill in other in self-defense. Rage kill
intellectual mind, victim provoke offender verbally or by physical activity to the level of causing
homicide. (Pesta, 2011)
Violent Street Crime versus Harmful White-Collar Crime is a very detailed article by Michel
(2016) that compares direness and graveness white collar crimes. violent street crimes like
murder, rape, theft, abuse, etc are considered a crime but the general public does not consider
corruption, fraud as severs crime. This article by Michel (2016) writes about public attitudes
related to white collar crimes within a time period of the 20th century. Public always
underestimate the severity of the white-collar crime, even in 21st century despite all information
criminal prosecution is still avoided. Even many studies proved violent street crimes pose minor
harm as compare to average level white color crime.
Researchers developed a short questionnaire about types of street crimes (i.e. assault, robbery,
homicide etc) and nine types of white collars crimes for the latest study of National White-Collar
Crime. Selected white color crimes were identity theft, hacking, false advertisement of the drug,
insurance overcharge, embezzlement, market rigging, and counterfeit sales. The public considers
most severe crime in which someone gets hurt or killed directly as compare to crimes that caused
monetary loss (Huff et al. 2010). This behavior is evident in mainstream media too, street crimes
are posed so much negativity in tv shows but white collar crimes are assessed according to
monetary effects (Barlow & Barlow, 2010).
In the end, we can conclude that every intellectual and sane person expect the public to realize
that white-collar criminals can be capable of huge loss but still that loss will portray them kinder
and gentler offenders in comparison of street criminals. (Perri, 2011)

References
Barlow, D. E., & Barlow, M. H. (2010). Corporate crime news as ideology news magazine
coverage of the Enron case. Retrieved from
http://files.embedit.in/embeditin/files/4gX7VfNILz/1/file.pdf.
Huff, R., Desilets, C., & Kane, J. (2010). National public survey on white-collar crime.
Retrieved from http://crimesurvey.nw3c.org/docs/nw3c2010survey.pdf.
Pesta, R. E. (2011). Provocation and the point of no return: An analysis of victim-precipitated
homicide (Doctoral dissertation, Youngstown State University).
Ferguson, C., & Turvey, B. E. (2009). Victimology: A brief history with an introduction to
forensic victimology. B. Turvey & W. Petherick (Coords.), Forensic victimology: examining
violent crime victims in investigative and legal contexts, 1-32.
Michel, C. (2016). Violent street crime versus harmful white-collar crime: A comparison of
perceived seriousness and punitiveness. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 127-143.
Petherick, W. (2014). Applied Crime Analysis: A Social Science Approach to Understanding
Crime, Criminals, and Victims. Elsevier.

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Victim precipitated homicide

light on offender-victim relationship particularly during homicides. He introduced the term of

Victim precipitated is an important theory in criminology introduced to analyze ways of victim

is a direct contributor to criminal incidents. (Ferguson, 2009)

homicide. (Pesta, 2011)

harm as compare to average level white color crime.

monetary effects (Barlow & Barlow, 2010).

and gentler offenders in comparison of street criminals. (Perri, 2011)

coverage of the Enron case. Retrieved from

Retrieved from http://crimesurvey.nw3c.org/docs/nw3c2010survey.pdf.

Pesta, R. E. (2011). Provocation and the point of no return: An analysis of victim-precipitated

homicide (Doctoral dissertation, Youngstown State University).

forensic victimology. B. Turvey & W. Petherick (Coords.), Forensic victimology: examining

violent crime victims in investigative and legal contexts, 1-32.

perceived seriousness and punitiveness. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 127-143.

Petherick, W. (2014). Applied Crime Analysis: A Social Science Approach to Understanding

Crime, Criminals, and Victims. Elsevier.

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