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    Design of Stel Compression Members BS F950

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    Rotich Vincent
    It's a summary of all you basically need to design a steel Universal Column (UB) and struts subjected to compression with regard to BS 59590

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    Design of Stel Compression Members BS F950

    Uploaded by

    Rotich Vincent
    120 views12 pages
    It's a summary of all you basically need to design a steel Universal Column (UB) and struts subjected to compression with regard to BS 59590

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    It's a summary of all you basically need to design a steel Universal Column (UB) and struts subjected to compression with regard to BS 59590

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    120 views12 pages

    Design of Stel Compression Members BS F950

    Uploaded by

    Rotich Vincent
    It's a summary of all you basically need to design a steel Universal Column (UB) and struts subjected to compression with regard to BS 59590

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    3.

    0 Design of compression members


    A strut is a member subject to direct compression only.
    A column, refers to members subject to a combination of compressive loading and bending.
    Most real struts and columns can neither be regarded as slender nor stocky,
    Stocky struts will fail by crushing or squashing of the material. For stocky struts the
    ‘squash load’,Ps is given by the simple formula

    Slender struts will fail by buckling.


    For elastic slender struts pinned at each end, the ‘Euler load’, at which a perfect strut buckles
    elastically is given by;

    If the compressive strength, pc, which is given by

    Are plotted against λ (Fig. 3.1), the area above the two dotted lines represents an impossible
    situation in respect of these struts.

    Fig 3.1
    Failure line for real struts lies along a series of lines such as a, b, c and d in Fig. 3.1
    Table 3.1 , specifies which of the lines is appropriate for the shape of section, and Tables
    24(a), (b), (c) and (d) enable values of pc to be read off appropriate to the section used.

    Table 3.1 Strut table selection (based on Table 23, BS 5950)

    Effective length
    The compressive strength of struts is primarily related to their slenderness ratio.
    The slenderness ratio, λ, is given by;

    The effective length is simply a function of the actual length of the member and the
    restraint at the member ends.
    Table 22 of BS 5950, reproduced above as Table 3.2 stipulates conservative assumptions
    of effective length LE from which the slenderness λ can be calculated.

    Table 3.2 Nominal effective length, LE, for a compression member (Table 22, BS 5950)
    Figure 3.2

    EXAMPLE 3.1
    A proposed 5 metre long internal column in a ‘rigid’ jointed steel structure is to be loaded
    concentrically with 1000 kN dead and 1000 kN imposed load (Fig. 3.3 ). Assuming that
    fixity at the top and bottom of the column gives effective rotational restraints, design
    column sections assuming the structure will be (a) braced and (b) unbraced.

    Fig. 3.3
    Braced column
    Design axial loading
    Factored loading,
    Fc (1.4 1000) (1.6 1000) 3000 kN
    Effective length
    For the braced case the column is assumed to be effectively held in position at both ends, and restrained in
    direction at both ends. It will buckle about the weak (y–y) axis. From Table 22(BS 5950)
    Therefore, the effective length, LE, is
    LE 0.7L 0.7 5 3.5 m
    Section selection
    This column design can only really be done by trial and error.

    Initial trial. Try 254 × 254 × 107 UC:

    From Table 23, use Table 24(c) of BS 5950 from which pc = 208 N/mm2.
    UC section is not slender since b/T < 15ε = 15 × (275/265)0.5 = 15.28 and d/t < 40ε = 40.74
    Table 11, BS 5950 From clause 4.7.4 of BS 5950, compression resistance of column, Pc, is

    Second trial. Try 305 × 305 × 118 UC:

    Then from Table 24(c) of BS 5950 pc = 222 N/mm2. UC section is not slender then

    Unbraced column
    For the unbraced case, LE 1.2L 6.0 metres from Table 22, and the economic member would
    appear to be
    305 x 305 x 158 UC:

    Then from Table 21, pc = 165 N/mm2. Section is not slender

    Hence, it can immediately be seen that for a given axial load, a bigger steel section will be
    required if the column is unbraced
    Columns with bending moments

    Cross-section capacity check


    Generally, except for class 4 slender cross-sections, clause 4.8.3.2 states that the following relationship should be
    satisfied

    See clause 4.8.3.2 (c) for slender members

    Buckling resistance check


    Clause 4.8.3.3.1 of BS 5950
    Involves checking that the following relationships are both satisfied:
    Table 3.3 Equivalent uniform moment factor m for flexural buckling (Table 26, BS 5950)
    Example 3.2 Column resisting an axial load and bending (BS 5950)
    Select a suitable column section in grade S275 steel to support a factored axial concentric load of
    2000 kN and factored bending moments of 100 kN m about the major axis, and 20 kN m about the
    minor axis (Fig. 3.4 ), applied at both ends of the column. The column is 10 m long and is fully
    fixed against rotation at top and bottom, and the floors it supports are braced against sway.

    Fig 3.4
    Initial section selection
    BUCKLING RESISTANCE CHECK
    In-plane buckling
    effective length LE = 0.7L = 7 m table 22

    From Table 23, for buckling about the x–x axis and y–y axis use, respectively, Table 24(b) of BS 5950 from which
    pcx 157 N/mm2, and Table 24(c) of BS 5950 from which pcy 139 N/mm2. Then

    From Table 20 pb = 196 N/mm2

    Ratio of end moments about both major axes, 1. Hence from Table 18 , mLT 1
    Buckling resistance check
    In-plane buckling
    From Table 22, effective length L E = 0.7L = 7 m

    From Table 4.23, for buckling about the x–x axis and y–y axis use, respectively, Table
    24(b) of BS 5950 from which pcx = 190 N/mm2, and Table 24(c) of BS 5950 from which
    pcy = 169 N/mm2. Then

    From Table 20, pb = 220 N/mm2


    SUMMARY OF DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS
    Axially loaded members
    1. Determine ultimate axial load Fc.
    2. Select trial section and check it is non-slender.
    3. Determine rx, ry and Ag from steel tables.
    4. Determine effective lengths, LEX and LEY, using Table 22.
    5. Calculate slenderness ratios, λEX = LEX/rx) and λEY (= LEY/ry).
    6. Select suitable strut curves from Table 23
    7. Determine compressive strength, pc, using Table 24 or similar.
    8. Calculate compression resistance of member, Pc= Agpc.
    9. Check Fc ≤ Pc. If unsatisfactory return to 2
    Members subject to axial load and bending
    1. Determine ultimate axial load, Fc, and bending moments, Mx and My.
    2. Select and classify trial section.
    3. Calculate moment capacities of section, Mcx and Mcy. If either Mx > Mcx or My > Mcy return
    to 2.
    4. Check cross-section capacity of section via equation 4.32. If unsatisfactory return to 2.
    5. Determine effective lengths, LEX and LEY, using Table 22.
    6. Calculate slenderness ratios, λEX (= LEX/rx) and λEY (= LEY/ry).
    7. Select suitable strut curves from Table 23
    8. Determine the major and minor axes compressive strengths, pcx and pcy, using Table 24,or similar.
    9. Calculate compressive resistances, Pcx (= pcx Ag) and Pcy (= pcy Ag).
    10. Evaluate buckling resistance of section, Mb.
    11. Determine equivalent uniform moment factors for flexural buckling, mx and my, using Table 26
    12. Check buckling resistance of member .If unsatisfactory return to 2.

    Exercise
    Design of a steel column in ‘simple’ construction (BS 5950)
    Select a suitable column section in S275 steel to support the ultimate loads from beams A and B
    shown in Fig. 3.5. Assume the column is 7 m long and is effectively held in position at both ends
    but only restrained in direction at the bottom

    Fig 3.5
    Design of column baseplates
    Clause 4.13 gives guidance on the design of concentrically loaded column slab baseplates,
    The plan area of the baseplate is calculated by assuming
    i. the nominal bearing pressure between the baseplate and support is uniform and
    ii. the applied load acts over a portion of the baseplate known as the effective area, the
    extent of which for UB and UCs is as indicated on Fig. 3.6

    Fig 3.6
    For concrete foundations the bearing strength may be taken as 0.6 times the characteristic
    cube strength of the concrete base or the bedding material (i.e. 0.6fcu), whichever is the
    lesser.
    The effective area of the baseplate, Abe, is then obtained from

    The required minimum baseplate thickness, tp, is given by

    where
    c is the largest perpendicular distance from the edge of the effective portion of the baseplate to
    the face of the column cross-section (Fig. 4.32)
    ω pressure on the underside of the plate assuming a uniform distribution throughout the
    effective portion, but ≤ 0.6fcu
    pyp design strength of the baseplate which may be taken from Table 9
    Example 3.3 Design of a steel column baseplate (BS 5950)
    Design a baseplate for the axially loaded column shown below assuming it is supported on
    concrete of compression characteristic strength 30 N/mm2.

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