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    Ectomy Corr Hi Zae

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    Ankit Verma
    The document discusses different types of mycorrhizal associations that can form between fungi and plant roots. It focuses on ectomycorrhizae, providing details on the fungal structures involved, the fungi and plant species that form ectomycorrhizal associations, and the functions and benefits they provide to the plant partners.

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    Ectomy Corr Hi Zae

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Verma
    86 views15 pages
    The document discusses different types of mycorrhizal associations that can form between fungi and plant roots. It focuses on ectomycorrhizae, providing details on the fungal structures involved, the fungi and plant species that form ectomycorrhizal associations, and the functions and benefits they provide to the plant partners.

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    Type of ectomycorrhizae

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    The document discusses different types of mycorrhizal associations that can form between fungi and plant roots. It focuses on ectomycorrhizae, providing details on the fungal structures involved, the fungi and plant species that form ectomycorrhizal associations, and the functions and benefits they provide to the plant partners.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views15 pages

    Ectomy Corr Hi Zae

    Uploaded by

    Ankit Verma
    The document discusses different types of mycorrhizal associations that can form between fungi and plant roots. It focuses on ectomycorrhizae, providing details on the fungal structures involved, the fungi and plant species that form ectomycorrhizal associations, and the functions and benefits they provide to the plant partners.

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    Arbuscular mycorrhizae

    Ectomycorrhizae

    Endomycorrhizae
    Ericoid mycorrhizae

    Orchid
    mycorrhizae

    Ectendomycorrhizae
    http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/mycorrhizae/ectomycorrhizae.html
    Ectomycorrhizae (ECM)
    • “Ecto-” means outside and in the case of ECM it
    means the fungal hyphae do not normally penetrate
    into healthy cortical cells of the plant
    • Mantle (m): fungal sheath on the root surface like a
    glove
    • Hartig net (n): hyphae between root epidermal and
    cortical cells (c)
    Mantle
    Hartig net
    Primary phloem
    Primary xylem
    Endodermis
    Cortical cell

    Hypha

    (non-mycorrhizal “textbook” root c.s.)


    Ectomycorrhizae
    are morphologically distinctive

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture http://cropsoil.psu.edu/sylvia/morpho


    Most ECM fungi are
    Basidiomycota
    (e.g. Amanita, Amanita,
    Boletus, Cantharellus,
    Cortinarius, Entoloma,
    Entoloma, Gomphidius,
    Hebeloma, Hygrophorus,
    Inocybe, Lactarius, Paxillus,
    Rhizopogon, Russula,
    Scleroderma, Scleroderma,
    Suillus, Thelephora,
    Tomentella)

    Ectomycorrhizae Peterson, R.L., et. al. 2006 , Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture


    Some ECM fungi
    are Ascomycota
    (e.g. Cenococcum,
    Muciturbo,
    Sphaerosporella,
    and, as shown,
    Tuber)
    Peterson, R.L., et. al. 2006

    And a few ECM fungi are Zygomycota


    (in the genus Endogone and Glomus)

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
    ECM predominantly occur on the roots of tree species in the
    Pinaceae (ECM only), Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Salicaceae (may
    also form AM, a type of endomycorrhizae).
    • Hyphae emanating from the mantle may extend
    several centimeters in to the surrounding soil

    • Hyphae are small diameter and long and therefore


    have a much greater surface area than do roots or
    root hairs

    • Hyphae access soil micropore space to reach more


    water and nutrients in dry conditions

    • Hyphae may also maintain hydraulic conductivity


    with the soil as it dries and shrinks
    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
    Root hair

    Hypha of Cenococcum geophyllum

    >2000 hyphae
    may emanate
    from one
    mycorrhiza

    4 m of hyphae
    in 1 mL of soil

    Trappe and
    Peterson, R.L., et. al. 2006
    Vogel, 1977
    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
     Hyphae may combine to from mycelial strands or
    rhizomorphs

     May grow several meters and transport water and nutrients


    (especially Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) to the roots

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
    ECM may protect against root pathogens

    • Species of certain ECM fungi (e.g. Lactarius,


    Cortinarius, and Hygrophorus) produce antibiotic
    substances

    • Some of these antibiotics are antifungal on


    Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium debaryanum and
    Fusarium oxyporum

    • The mantle may exclude nematodes


    http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/mycorrhizae/resistance-to-plant-diseases-by-ectomycorrhiza.html

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
    Pratylenchus
    penetrans

    Peterson, R.L., et. al. 2006 http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu


    Abiotic Disorders & ECM

     Nutrient deficiency symptoms less likely on


    ECM plants
     Leaf scorch symptoms less likely as many
    ECM fungi can grow at water potentials well
    below the permanent wilting point of the plant
     Toxic metals (Fe, Al, Mn, S) or excessive
    nutrients are more likely filtered out on ECM
    plants
    Smith, S.E. and. D.J. Read. 1997

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
    Photo Credits (images with no URL shown)

    Peterson, R.L., et. al. 2006. Mycorrhizas: Anatomy and


    Cell Biology Images. NRC Research Press.

    Roth, A.L. 1990. Mycorrhizae of Outplanted Conifers.


    M.Sc. Thesis. University of British Columbia. 298 p

    Roth, A.L. Kwantlen Plant Database


    (www.Kwantlen.ca/Hort)

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture
    Selected References
    Smith, S.E. and. D.J. Read. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
    (2nd Ed.). 605 pp. Academic Press, San Diego and
    London

    Whipps, J.M. 2000. Microbial Interactions in the


    Rhizosphere. J. Exp. Botany. V. 52: 487-511

    Zhang, R.Q. et. al. 2010. Forest Pathology (on-line) 28 JUL


    2010

    Ectomycorrhizae © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

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