This document discusses the Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal deflections. It states that the deflection of point A in one direction due to a unit load at point B in another direction is equal to the deflection of point B in the second direction due to a unit load at point A in the first direction. The document proves this law using examples of simple beams, cantilever beams, and rigid-jointed plane frames. It also provides examples to verify the Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement.
This document discusses the Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal deflections. It states that the deflection of point A in one direction due to a unit load at point B in another direction is equal to the deflection of point B in the second direction due to a unit load at point A in the first direction. The document proves this law using examples of simple beams, cantilever beams, and rigid-jointed plane frames. It also provides examples to verify the Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement.
This document discusses the Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal deflections. It states that the deflection of point A in one direction due to a unit load at point B in another direction is equal to the deflection of point B in the second direction due to a unit load at point A in the first direction. The document proves this law using examples of simple beams, cantilever beams, and rigid-jointed plane frames. It also provides examples to verify the Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement.
This document discusses the Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal deflections. It states that the deflection of point A in one direction due to a unit load at point B in another direction is equal to the deflection of point B in the second direction due to a unit load at point A in the first direction. The document proves this law using examples of simple beams, cantilever beams, and rigid-jointed plane frames. It also provides examples to verify the Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement.
Lecture 6 : Maxwell-Betti Law of Reciprocal Deflections
Objectives In this course you will learn the following
Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal deflection.
Illustrative examples for proving law of reciprocal deflection.
4.7 Maxwell-Betti Law of Reciprocal Deflections
Maxwell-Betti Law of real work is a basic theorem in the structural analysis. Using this theorem, it will be established that the flexibility coefficients in compatibility equations, formulated to solve indeterminate structures by the flexibility method, form a symmetric matrix and this will reduce the number of deflection computations. The Maxwell-Betti law also has applications in the construction of influence lines diagrams for statically indeterminate structures. The Maxwell-Betti law, which applies to any stable elastic structure (a beam, truss, or frame, for example) on unyielding supports and at constant temperature, states:
The deflection of point A in direction 1 due to unit load at point B in direction 2 is equal in the magnitude to the deflection of point B in direction 2 produced by a unit load applied at A in direction 1.
The Figure 4.31 explains the Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal displacements in which, the displacement is
equal to the displacement .
In order to prove the reciprocal theorem, consider the simple beams shown in Figure 4.32.
Let a vertical force at point B produces a vertical deflection at point A and at point B as shown
in Figure 4.32(a). Similarly, in Figure 4.32(b) the application of a vertical force at point A produces a vertical deflections and at points A and B , respectively. Let us evaluate the total work done by the two forces and when they are applied in different order to the zero to their final value.
Case 1: applied and followed by
(a) Work done when is gradually applied
(b) Work done when is gradually applied with in place
Total work done by the two forces for case 1 is
(4.29)
Case2: applied and followed by
(c) Work done when is gradually applied
(d) Work done when is gradually applied with in place
Total work done by the two forces for case 2 is
(4.30)
Since the final deflected position of the beam produced by the two cases of loads is the same regardless of the order in which the loads are applied. The total work done by the forces is also the same regardless of the order in which the loads are applied. Thus, equating the total work of Cases 1 and 2 give
(4.31)
If , the equation (4.31) depicts the statement of the Maxwell-Betti law i.e.
The Maxwell-Betti theorem also holds for rotations as well as rotation and linear displacement in beams and frames.
Example 4.21 Verify Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement for the direction 1 and 2 of the pin-jointed structure shown in Figure 4.33(a).
Solution: Apply the forces and in the direction 1 and 2, respectively. The calculation of total strain energy in the system is given in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5
Member Length Force P
AB L -( ) AC L P1 Since , hence the Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement is proved.
Example 4.22 Verify Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement for the cantilever beam shown in Figure 4.34(a).
Solution: Apply the forces and in the directions 1 and 2, respectively. The total strain energy stored is calculated below.
Consider any point X at a distance x from B .
Since , the Maxwekk-Betti law of reciprical displacement is proved.
Example 4.23 Verify Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacement for the rigid-jointed plane frame with reference to marked direction as shown in Figure 4.35(a). EI is same for both members.
Solution: Apply the forces and in the directions 1 and 2, respectively as shown in Figure 4.35(b). Consider AB : ( x measured from A )
Consider BC : ( x measured from B )
Thus
The displacement in the direction 1 due to unit load applied in 2 is
The displacement in the direction 2 due to unit load applied in 1 is
Since , proves the Maxwell-Betti law of reciprocal displacements.
Recap In this course you have learnt the following
Maxwell-Betti Law of reciprocal deflection.
Illustrative examples for proving law of reciprocal deflection.
Eftychios Sifakis, Jernej Barbič - Finite Element Method Simulation of 3D Deformable Solids (Synthesis Lectures on Visual Computing_ Computer Graphics, Animation, Computational Photography, and Imagin
Eftychios Sifakis, Jernej Barbič - Finite Element Method Simulation of 3D Deformable Solids (Synthesis Lectures on Visual Computing_ Computer Graphics, Animation, Computational Photography, and Imagin
