Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila

EN BANC

G.R. No. 108000 June 17, 1993

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner,

vs.
THE COURT OF APPEALS, CHIEF INSPECTOR JOSE T. PRING, respondents.

The Solicitor General for petitioner.

Alexander A. Padilla for accused-appellant.

ROMERO, J.:

On October 23, 1992, herein public respondent Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. No. 28933, entitled
"Chief Inspector Jose T. Pring v. Honorable Apolinario B. Santos as Judge of RTC of Pasig, Metro
Manila, Branch 67 and People of the Philippines, et al.," annulled and set aside the Order of the
lower court granting the prosecution's motion to discharge accused Nonilo Arile to turn state witness.
Subject decision of October 23, 1992 held that:

xxx xxx xxx

In the case at bar, prior to the discharge of accused Nonilo Arile on September 8,
1992, there was no hearing by the court on the motion to discharge. Records of the
proceedings of the trial court on September 4, 1992, as reflected in the order of the
same date, merely show that the motion to discharge was deemed submitted for
resolution, without any hearing thereon. . . .

The People of the Philippines, thru the instant petition now assails the abovestated Decision,
claiming the respondent appellate court committed grave abuse of discretion in annulling and setting
aside the discharge of accused Nonilo Arile from the information in order to allow him to testify as
state witness in the hearing for admission to bail of private respondent Jose Pring and the trial in
Criminal Case No. 94159 before the lower court.

Criminal Case No. 94159 is entitled "People of the Philippines v. Nonilo Arile, Jaime Serrano,
Edmund Divinagracia, Jose Pring, Timoteo Zarcal, Reynaldo Fernandez, Danilo Fernandez, Eddie
Chang, Jose Sy and John Does." In said case, private respondent herein, Jose Pring was among
those charged with violation of Article 267 (kidnapping for Ransom) of the Revised Penal Code, in
an information filed on August 21, 1992 with the lower court.

Subsequent to the filing of the information, private respondent Jose Pring submitted his petition for
bail, its hearing scheduled on August 31, 1992 and September 2, 1992 at 2:00 P.M.
On August 28, 1992, the prosecution filed a motion to discharge accused Nonilo Arile to be a state
witness, with notice of hearing on September 4, 1992 at 8:30 A.M.

Another motion for issuance of bail, with notice of hearing on September 4, 1992 at 8:30 A.M. was
filed on August 31, 1992 by private respondent Jose Pring thru his counsel.

On the schedule hearing of the petition for bail on August 31, 1992, private respondent Jose Pring
failed to appear although his lawyers did. Upon joint motion by the prosecution and defense, the
arraignment, pre-trial conference and hearing on the petition for bail were re-set at 2:00 P.M. of
September 4, 1992.

On September 1, 1992, the prosecution filed an opposition to the petition for bail and asked to defer
the hearing thereof until the resolution of the trial court of the motion to discharge accused Nonilo
Arile, whose testimony is allegedly necessary to establish that the evidence of evidence of guilt
against private respondent Jose Pring is strong.

On September 4, 1992, counsels of private respondent Jose Pring filed his opposition to the motion
to discharge accused Nonilo Arile. At 2:00 P.M. of the same day, Criminal Case No. 94159 was
called for arraignment, pre-trial and petition for bail, but only accused Nonilo Arile appeared. Thus,
the trial court issued the following order:

WHEREFORE, in view of the absence of the other accused, let arraignment and pre-
trial conference be reset on September 10,11,17, 18, 24 and 25, 1992, all at 2:00
o'clock in the afternoon. The motion to discharge accused Nonilo Arile to be state
witness is hereby considered submitted for resolution.

xxx xxx xxx

Having submitted for resolution the motion to discharge, thru the Order of September 4, 1992, the
trial court September 8, 1992 issued an Order granting said motion. In discharging accused Nonilo
Arile to be state witness, the trial court ratiocinated:

Upon a careful examination of the Sworn Statement made by the accused Nonilo
Arile and the other evidence of the prosecution including other Sworn Statements of
Jaime Serrano, accused Edmund Divinagracia, witness Rogelino A. Morales (driver
of the kidnapped victim) Chin Yi Tsou (father of the victim), this Court is satisfied that
the averment of the Government in its Motion to Discharge Accused Arile are borne
out and fully supported by the facts and relevant evidence.

The court, thus, found that the conditions for discharge as required under Sec. 9, Rule 119 of the
1985 Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure have been satisfied.

Private respondent Jose Pring assailed the order of discharge, filing a special civil action
for Certiorari and Prohibition with the Court of Appeals.

In the hearing conducted by the appellate court on September 22, 1992, counsels of private
respondent Jose Pring emphatically stressed the trial court's failure to comply with the required
hearing in support of the discharge as mandated in Section 9, Rule 119 of the 1985 Rules on
Criminal procedure, as amended.
On October 23, 1992, the Court of Appeal rendered the questioned Decision ruling that "before
effecting the discharge the court should require the prosecution to present evidence and the sworn
statement of the proposed witness at a hearing in support of the discharge." Finding that the lower
court immediately resolved the motion to discharge without a hearing thereon, the Court of Appeals
annulled and set aside the Order of discharge dated September 8, 1992.

Hence, the filing of the present petition by the prosecution. Comment by private respondent Jose
Pring was filed on February 1, 1993. Prior to said comment, the lower court issued an Order of
January 21, 1993, which among others considered the petition for bail of private respondent Pring
submitted for resolution with or without the opposition filed by the prosecution. This prompted the
prosecution to file with this Court an Urgent Motion For the Immediate Issuance of a Temporary
Restraining Order and Resolution of the Petition. The prosecution, in praying for the issuance of a
temporary restraining order, sought to enjoin the trial court from hearing private respondent Jose
Pring's motion for bail, pending resolution before this Court, of the petition on whether the annulment
of the Order of discharge by the appellate court is proper. The state, argued the prosecution, shall
have no leg to stand on in opposing the release on bail of private respondent Jose Pring, without the
testimony of accused Arile, that will show the evidence of guilt against private respondent Jose Pring
is strong.

Thus, on March 30, 1993, the temporary restraining order was issued by this Court En Banc,
ordering Judge Apolinario Santos to cease and desists from resolving or granting the motion for bail
of private respondent Pring in Criminal Case No. 94159 until the present petition is resolved.

The petition raises a single issue: can the trial court without conducting a hearing pursuant Section
9, Rule 119 of the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure, as amended, resolve the prosecution's Motion
to Discharge Nonilo Arile where the records show that the latter's sworn statement together with the
prosecution's other evidence were already in the possession of the court and had been challenged
by private respondent in his Opposition to Discharge Nonilo Arile and in his Petition for Bail?

Favoring an affirmative ruling thereon is the State, represented by the Solicitor General arguing that
evidence of the prosecution consisting of (a) sworn statement of proposed witness Nonilo Arile; (b)
resolution of the investigating prosecutors; (c) affidavits of Rogelio Morales, driver of the kidnapped
Chinese children; (d) affidavits of accused Jaime Serrano and Edmund Divinagracia have all been
submitted before the trial court to form part of the records of the case and thus, made available for
the scrutiny of private respondent Jose Pring who controverted in detail the statements of proposed
witness Nonilo Arile, both in his Opposition to the Motion to Discharge and Petition For Bail. It is the
Solicitor General's theory that this submission of evidence to prove that the conditions for discharge
as required by law exist, amounts to the presentation thereof in upon court and the opportunity to
rebut the same, well afforded to private respondent Jose Pring assuredly satisfies due process
requirement contemplated by law in mandating a hearing. Under these circumstances, concludes
counsel for the State, at no instance was there ever a violation of said provision of law; rather, the
requirement of holding an actual hearing in support of the discharge was substantially complied with.

Strongly opposed to such proposition is private respondent Jose Pring, advocating strict adherence
to the letter of the law. In his Comment, he emphatically stressed that Nonilo Arile's exclusion from
the information is not valid, since it is based on an Order Discharge, the issuance of which is fatally
flawed for failure of the trial court to conduct a hearing in support of his discharge.

To further obtain the dismissal of the petition, private respondent contends that the State's filing of a
petition for certiorari under Rule 65 is improper, where upon analysis of the single issue raised in the
petition, the only inquiry it presents before this Court is one of law. Under our laws on procedure,
claims private respondent, a decision of the Court of Appeals involving a pure question of law may
be elevated to the Supreme Court only by a petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 and not
under Rule 65.

The elevation of this case to the Supreme Court thru a special civil action for certiorari is deemed
legally permissible. Settled is the rule that:

Certiorari may be availed of where an appeal would be slow, inadequate, insufficient,

and will not promptly relieve a party from the injurious effects of the judgment
complained of, or in order to avoid further litigation.1

In Jaca v. Lumber Company2 cited in Lansang, Jr. v. Court of Appeals,3 it was held that:

That availability of the ordinary course of appeal does not constitute sufficient ground
to prevent a party from making use of the extraordinary remedy of certiorari where
the appeal is not an adequate remedy or equally beneficial, speedy and sufficient. It
is the inadequacy — not the mere absence of all other legal remedies and the
danger of failure of justice without the writ, that must usually determine the propriety
of certiorari.

In the case at bar, the decision of the Court of Appeals setting aside the Order of Discharge of
accused Nonilo Arile effectively crippled the prosecution's bid to oppose private respondent's
applicant for bail. It was the intention of the prosecution, had not the Order of Discharge been
annulled, to utilize the testimony of Nonilo Arile to show that evidence of guilty against private
respondent Jose Pring is strong. But since the prosecution has been warned by the trial court that it
will soon decide the petition for bail of private respondent Jose Pring, with or without the intended
opposition to be filed by the prosecution, the latter was left without choice and was thus compelled
under justified circumstances to file a special civil action for certiorari to annul the judgment of the
Court of Appeals, such action filed being an extraordinary and speedy remedy. The prosecution,
which is in immediate need of the reinstatement of the Order of Discharge resorted to this remedy
not as a substitute for appeal but as the proper remedy that can with dispatch address its
predicament.

On the basis of the foregoing, there is no procedural impediment barring this Court from entertaining
the instant petition and resolving the issue before us.

Prior to the 1985 Rules on Criminal Procedure, as amended, Section 9, Rule 119 provided that:

Sec. 9. Discharge of one of several defendants to be witness for the prosecution. —

When two or more persons are charged with the commission of a certain offense, the
competent court, at any time before they have entered upon their defense, may
direct one or more of them to be discharged with the latter's consent that he or they
may be witnesses for the government when in the judgment of the court:

(a) There is absolute necessity of the testimony of the defendant whose discharge is
requested;

(b) There is no other direct evidence available for the proper prosecution of the
offense committed, except the testimony of said defendant;

(c) The testimony of said defendant can be substantially corroborated in its material
points;
 (d) Said defendant does not appear to be the most guilty;

(e) Said defendant has not at any time been convicted of any offense involving moral
turpitude.

On the other hand, Section 9, Rule 119 of the 985 Rule on Criminal Procedure, as amended, now
provides that:

Sec. 9. Discharge of accused to be state witness. — When two or more persons are
jointly charged with the commission of any offense, upon motion of the prosecution
before resting its case, the court may direct one or more of the accused to be
discharged with their consent so that they may be witnesses for the state when after
requiring the prosecution to present evidence and the sworn statement of each
proposed state witness at a hearing in support of the discharge, the court is satisfied
that:

(a) There is absolute necessity for the testimony of the accused whose discharge is
requested;

(b) There is no other direct evidence available for the proper prosecution of the
offense committed, except the testimony of said accused;

(c) The testimony of said accused can be substantially corroborated in its material
points;

(d) Said accused does not appear to be the most guilty;

(e) Said accused has not at any time been convicted of any offense involving moral
turpitude.

Evidence adduced in support of the discharge shall automatically form part of the
trial. If the court denies the motion for discharge of the accused as state witness, his
sworn statement shall be inadmissible in evidence.

The present rule thus amends the old rule by categorically requiring a hearing where the prosecution
shall present the sworn statement of the proposed witness and its other evidence for the purpose of
proving to the satisfaction of the court that the conditions for discharge as above-enumerated exist.
The rationale behind this amendment is to avoid a repetition of the case of Flores v.
Sandiganbayan4 where the Supreme Court set aside the Order of Discharge of the Sandiganbayan
because said court merely relied on the information furnished by the fiscal in forming its conclusion
of whether the conditions for discharge have been met.5 The Supreme Court in Flores (supra) said
that since it is the Court's exclusive responsibility to discharge an accused from the information, it
must see to it that:

. . . the requisites prescribed by the rules exist, particularly the requisite that there is
absolute necessity for the testimony of the defendant whose discharge is requested.
Under this requisite, the fiscal must show that there is absolute necessity for the
testimony of the defendant whose discharge he seeks, in order to be witness for the
prosecution. This requirement is aimed to curtail miscarriage of justice, before too
common, through the abuse of the power to ask for the discharge of one or more
defendants. Absolute necessity of the testimony of the defendant, whose discharge
 is requested must now be shown if the discharge is to be allowed, and the power to
determine the necessity is lodged upon the court. . . .

Thus, the term "hearing in support of the discharge" as contemplated by said law refers to a
proceeding, separate from the trial itself, where the prosecution presents its evidence proving the
existence of the conditions for discharge and the sworn statement of the proposed witness.
Necessarily, it does not foreclose; rather, it affords an opportunity for the defense to enter its
opposition against the motion to discharge. All of this is intended to aid the court in fulfilling its
mandated duty of determining the propriety or impropriety of the sought-after discharge. In requiring
therefore, a "hearing in support of the discharge," the essential objective of the law is for the court to
receive or possess evidence for or against the discharge which will serve as tangible and concrete
basis, independent of the fiscal's or prosecution's persuasions, in granting or denying the motion for
discharge.

Hence, in resolving the issue in this petition, the proper question we should address is: Was there a
failure to observe the spirit and intent of Sec. 9, Rule 119 in the case at bar? We rule in the negative.
The prosecution has submitted the sworn statement of accused Nonilo Arile and its evidence
showing that the conditions for discharge have been met. Neither can it be denied that the defense
was able to oppose the motion to discharge Nonilo Arile. With both litigants able to present their
side, the lack of actual hearing was not fatal enough to undermine the court's ability to determine
whether the conditions prescribed under Section 9, Rule 119 were satisfied. Having received
evidence for and against the discharge, the Court avoided a repetition of the case of Flores v.
Sandiganbayan (Supra).

Nor was there a violation of due process as private respondent Jose Pring insists. As held in the
case of Juanita Yap Say and William Lim v. Intermediate Appellate Court, et al.6

. . . "To be heard" does not only mean verbal arguments in court. Where a party was
given the opportunity to be heard, either through oral arguments or pleadings, there
can be denial of procedural due process. "Due process is not semper et
ubique judicial process."

We reiterate: private respondent Jose Pring has filed his opposition to the motion to
discharge Nonilo Arile and even discussed the material points of the latter's testimony in his
petition for bail. His assertion then that there was a denial of due process for failure to
conduct a hearing in support of the discharge is unfounded and not substantiated after a
perusal of the records of the case.

WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby GRANTED and the decision of the Court of Appeals in CA
G.R. No. 28933 rendered on October 23, 1992 is SET ASIDE. Accordingly, the Order of Discharge
of Nonilo Arile issued by the trial court in Criminal Case No. 94159 on September 8, 1992 is thus
REINSTATED. The temporary restraining order of March 30, 1993 issued by the Court En Banc is
hereby LIFTED.

SO ORDERED.

Narvasa, C.J., Cruz, Feliciano, Bidin, Griño-Aquino, Regalado, Davide, Jr., Nocon, Bellosillo, Melo
and Quiason, JJ., concur.

Padilla, J., is on leave.