386 1282 1 PB PDF
386 1282 1 PB PDF
386 1282 1 PB PDF
Buttering method can be applied not only on one side 1) Tensile strength
of the parent metal that will be connected, but also on Tensile strength (tension strength) states the ability to
both sides of the base metal to be welded. These receive a load of material without causing damage or
procedures can be applied as listed on the ASME section broken, which is expressed in the maximum stress before
IX. In this section, it requires the maximal thickness of failure. It is stated in equation 2,
additional material equals to the thickness of buttering Fmax
material. If the material is 10 mm in thickness, so the U TS U (2)
thickness of material addition is 10 mm maximum. But A0
in practices, the client has an own specification, by 2) Ductility
allowing the buttering up to 15 mm for material Ductility represents the ability of the material to
thickness 8 mm on welding dissimilar materials. deform plastically without causing fractures stated
C. SMAW Welding percentage of change of length (elongation)
Elongation:
L1 L0
Welding process SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc
Welding), generally known as electric welding, is a
process that uses heat to melt the base material and
100 % (3)
electrode . The heat generated by the electric ion jumps L0
between the cathode and the anode (electrode tip and the
surface of the plate to be welded) . Heat arising from L0 = Original gauge length
electrical ions leap of this magnitude can be reached L1 = Final gauge length at break
4000o to 4500o Celsius . Voltage source is used there are ε = Strain
two kinds of AC ( alternating current ) and DC power And ductility also can be expressed by the percentage
(direct current). reduction in cross-sectional area which presentated as the
Because the tip electrode contact the base material, the reduction of area.
process of welding ignites, causing a short circuit A A0
between them. At the time of short circuit occurs, welder RA 1 100 % (4)
should pull (keep distance between electrode and A0
material base) the electrode to form an electric arc that
which :
leaps ions that cause heat . Generated heat will melt the
A1 = Final cross sectional area
electrode and the base material, due to their melting
A0 = Initial cross sectional area
point temperature, so the liquid electrodes and a liquid
base material will be joined together to form the weld E. Impact Test
metal. To produce a good welded metal and constant arc, To explore the effects caused by notch, notch shape,
welders must keep distance between the tip electrode and temperature and other factors, The impact test is
the surface of the base material. The best distance from delivered. Impact test can be interpreted as a
tip electrode to material is as same as the diameter of the standardized test that measures the ability of a material
electrode is used, as shown in Figure 1 as follows. to accept the burden of mashed as measured by the
Amount of heat / temperature (H) which can melt amount of energy required to break the specimen with a
material is a product of the voltage (E) multiplied by swing.
current (I) and time (t), which is expressed in units of The amount of impact energy (Joules) can be viewed
joules of heat such as the following formula: on a scale testbed machine. While besarya impact energy
can be calculated by the following equation:
H=ExIxt (1)
Eo = W.ho (5)
which:
H = Heat (joule) E1 = W.h1 (6)
E = Voltage (volt) ∆E = Eo - E1 = W (ho- h1) (7)
I = Currect (ampere)
t = Time (sec) ho = ℓ - ℓcos = ℓ (1 - cos α) (8)
Straight polarity is more widely used because it has a h1 = ℓ - ℓcos β = ℓ (1 - cos β) (9)
deep penetration.
substitution eq. 8 and eq. 9 to eq. 7, then:
D. Tensile Test
Tensile strengtt, one of mechanical properties, is very ∆E = W ℓ( cos β - cos α ) (10)
important in a construction design and manufacturing which:
process. Tensile strength of a material was obtained from
the tensile test (tension test) which was carried out by Eo = Initial Energi (J)
standard tests such as ASTM (Assotiation Test and E1 = Final Energi (J)
Materials Society) and JIS (Japan Industrial Standard).
In tensile test, during specimen withdrawn, time is W = Mass of pendulum (N)
being recorded with a chart available on the tensile ho = Initial height of pendulum (m)
machine. Plot of stress-strain curve will be generated in
the tensile test machine. Data obtained from the tensile h1 = Height of pendulum after released (m)
machine is usually represented by the applied load- ℓ = Length of pendulum string (m)
elongation chart (graph P - ΔL).
IPTEK, Journal of Proceeding Series, Vol. 1, 2014 (eISSN: 2354-6026) 111
Figure 4. Flowchart
TABLE 1. TABLE 2.
RESULT OF TENSILE TEST MACRO ETCH RESULT
Yield Stress Max Stress Name Defect Width of HAZ Area of
Specimen [Mpa] [MPa] Elongation [mm] HAZ [mm2]
BM 277.13 360.66 44.01 No UC 1,85 49.41
Buttering
No 326.875 384.46 34.64
Buttering B 10 NO 2.50 50.60
[NB]
Buttering 361.04 413.47 29.075 B 15 P 2,75 61.00
10 mm
Buttering 347.09 397.98 24.145 B 20 P 2,50 63,30
15 mm
Buttering 326.465 390.07 22.065
20 mm
TABEL 3.
MACRO ETCH RESULT
Notch E impact
Specimen Notch
Location ( Joules)
SA 36 V BM 139.3
No
Buttering V HAZ 149.9
Buttering
10 mm V HAZ 149.6
Buttering
15 mm V HAZ 148.7
Buttering
20 mm V HAZ 147.3
No
Buttering V WM 148.5
Buttering
10 mm V WM 146.2
Buttering
15 mm V WM 149.2
Buttering
20 mm V WM 145.5
Buttering
10 mm V Buttering 147.0
Buttering
15 mm V Buttering 149.2
Buttering
20 mm V Buttering 149.9