The document discusses urbanization and human settlements, defining urbanization as the process by which communities transition from rural to urban areas through population growth and concentration. It also outlines some distinguishing characteristics of urbanization, trends in Philippine population and urbanization, and impacts of urbanization such as overpopulation, overconsumption, and the formation of urban sprawl.
The document discusses urbanization and human settlements, defining urbanization as the process by which communities transition from rural to urban areas through population growth and concentration. It also outlines some distinguishing characteristics of urbanization, trends in Philippine population and urbanization, and impacts of urbanization such as overpopulation, overconsumption, and the formation of urban sprawl.
The document discusses urbanization and human settlements, defining urbanization as the process by which communities transition from rural to urban areas through population growth and concentration. It also outlines some distinguishing characteristics of urbanization, trends in Philippine population and urbanization, and impacts of urbanization such as overpopulation, overconsumption, and the formation of urban sprawl.
The document discusses urbanization and human settlements, defining urbanization as the process by which communities transition from rural to urban areas through population growth and concentration. It also outlines some distinguishing characteristics of urbanization, trends in Philippine population and urbanization, and impacts of urbanization such as overpopulation, overconsumption, and the formation of urban sprawl.
Arch. Eduardo F. Bober, Jr. Special Industry Lecturer Review of the Past Lessons • Human Society in the Ecological Setting - Evolutions/transitions of societies • Cities/Urban areas defined and understood: - characteristics/type of perspectives/definition - parameters/measures from various agencies (LPC, NSCB, PNSO) and international bodies (indices) • Why the need for a definition of urban areas? • Urban Economies? QOL? Development concept and indicators? • Other Learnings? URBANIZATION • Phenomenon by which a community or settlement gradually or rapidly acquires an urban character. • Growth in the proportion of a population living in an urban place • A process that has a beginning and an end • A process associated with the development of civilization • Redistribution of population from rural to urban settlement (migration) URBANIZATION • Geographic concentration of population & non-agricultural activities in urban environments in varying size and form. • Process by which rural areas became transformed into urban areas • Demographically, an increase in population concentration (numbers and density); movement of people to cities, other densely settled areas. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS • Level of Urbanization – proportion of people living in urban areas • Urban Growth – population rate of growth (increase/decrease) in urban areas • Pace of Urbanization – average change in the level of urbanization (change in level/time period) Degree of Urbanization Philippine Population & Urbanization Trends ❑The current population of the Philippines is 108, 142,219 as of Friday, July 12, 2019, based on the latest UN estimates. ❑The Philippines population is equivalent to 1.4% of the total world population. ❑The Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. ❑The population density in the Philippines is 357 per Km2 (925 people per mi2). Median age of 24.3 years. Life expectancy at 69.3 (123 rank) ❑The total land area is 298,170 Km2 (115,124 sq. miles) ❑44.4 % of the population is urban (47,278,672 people in 2018). Projected to increase to 65% by 2030 http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/ Country (or Population Yearly Density Land Area Migrants Fert. Med. Urban # dependency) (2018) Change (P/Km²) (Km²) (net) Rate Age Pop %
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/ Bay Skyline of Manila
Source: ICNUP Phils, 2009
The Law of the Primate City ❖ The primate city is the largest most dominant city in a region. ❖ The degree of primacy refers to the dominance of the largest city over the rest of the country. ❖ Most LDCs (Less Developed Countries) have a high degree of primacy while most MDCs (More Developed Countries) have a low degree of primacy. ❖ Factors that affect high primacy include: – Having an under developed economy Largest Population 2nd Largest Population – Having an agriculturally City City dominant economy MMla 25M Davao 1.3M – A rapidly expanding population Cebu 800K – A recent colonial history Gen San 680K Varying Rates of Urbanization • Is population size related to urbanization? • Some variations in levels of urbanization could be attributed to the varying levels of industrialization or economic opportunities: – TRUE urbanization – there is a concurrent expansion of non-agricultural activities – FALSE urbanization – where people live in cities but do not really have fulfilling jobs Implications of Urbanization Impacts of Urbanization OVERPOPULATION & OVERCONSUMPTION (PLANNING 3 LECTURE)
EDUARDO F BOBER JR SPECIAL INDUSTRY LECTURER
SOURCE: THEGUARDIAN.COM Industrialization FACTORS that hastened & Urbanization (Europe) Urbanization
▪ Unprecedented population growth in
• In general, industrialization the countryside begets industrialization ▪ Mechanization, rising productivity, and labor shedding in agriculture – British, European: ▪ Rural population as continuous Industrialization was the supply of factory workers ▪ Rural population as source of catalyst for urban domestic help growth (factories gave rise ▪ City-ward migration to towns) (USA) ▪ Agricultural revolution took place – New World (American): side by side with industrial Industrialization revolution ▪ Migration of redundant farm labor followed urbanization from the south to northern cities (towns gave rise to ▪ Immigration of Europeans “to empty factories) lands of the earth” • Suburbanization – expansion of the city, primarily of residential areas spreading into the countryside • Urban Sprawl – result of unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edges of the city. • Gentrification – the process of renewal and rebuilding accompanying the influx of middle-class or affluent people into deteriorating areas that often displaces poorer residents Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. Process whereby a place becomes urban, i.e., it ceases to be rural…experiences a large concentration of population that is changing from rural to urban way of life. Urban-Rural Dichotomy Rural Urban Proponent Sacred Secular H. Becker Folk Urban Redfield Ascription Achievement T. Parsons Particularistic Universalistic F. Riggs Traditional Rational M. Weber City life is characterized by some level of formality and a severance of familial relationships or kinship ties. Cities can become concentrations of pollution, squalor and decay due to overcrowding, vehicular traffic and crime. Human Settlements – approach looking at cities as physical locations for groups of human beings, which should have the key elements for biological survival and social interaction. Human Settlement (UNEconSocComAP) means the totality of the human community - whether city, town or village - with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it. The fabric of human settlements consists of physical elements and services to which these elements provide the material support. The physical components comprise the following: shelter, infrastructure, and services. Shelter, i.e. the superstructures of In 1973, Human Settlement different shapes, size, type and Commission (EO 419) materials erected by mankind for decrees 11 basic services security, privacy and protection from (needs) of man in a the elements and for his singularity settlement: within a community; Education, Clothing, Shelter, Medical Services, Ecological Infrastructure, i.e. the complex Balance, Mobility, Economy, networks designed to deliver to or Sports & Recreation remove from the shelter people, goods, energy or information; Services cover those required by a community for the fulfillment of its Power functions as a social body, such as Food education, health, culture, welfare, recreation and nutrition (UN Economic & Social Commission for Asia & the Pacific) Water Konstantinos Doxiadis, Greek Theorist rationalized HS as a science which includes Economics planning and design with contributions from different specializations. Culture Social Sciences EKISTICS Creating better settlements for science of human settlements tomorrow can be understood better looking at the various Technical Aspects Pol. Science & Admin. elements of HS. Ekistics units = man, room, dwelling, neighborhood, small town, large town, city, metro, conurbation, megalopolis, etc. Classifications: Function administrative, recreational, industrial, tourism. Financial, religious, educational, etc. Evolutionary Phases nomadic, agricultural, urban-agricultural, towns and cities Factors legislation, labor, financing, etc. Discipline cultural, social, technical, political-admin. Hierarchy of Settlement In the Philippine setting, HS growth is closely tied to population dynamics. “PUSH” factor – rural “PULL” factor – rural population are forced to population are migrate to urban areas due encouraged to migrate to to the following situations in urban areas due to the the countryside: following: 1. Lack of income 1. Job opportunities and opportunity higher income 2. Absence of acceptable 2. Modern facilities and facilities better services 3. Undue resource and 3. Higher quality of environmental environment exploitation 4. Higher standard of 4. Continuing poverty living situation 5. Vibrant social life 5. Aggravated “bright light helplessness syndrome” or “the big 6. Armed conflicts city phenomenon” Population Dynamics • Population dynamics shape the principle social, economic and environmental challenges that humankind is confronting this century. To promote the wellbeing of current and future generations, which is the ultimate objective of sustainable development, we must therefore systematically consider and plan for population dynamics.
• Population dynamics — the changes in the size, location
and age of populations — have to inform sustainable development goals, targets and indicators, as well as development strategies, policies and programs. Without knowledge of how many people are living on the planet, where they are living and how old they are, we cannot hope to meet the needs of people. – Population Dynamics Matters for Sustainable Development OTHER FACTORS (influence on population distribution) 1. Resettlement and relocation actions 2. Industrial Estates and growth centers 3. Highways and other major thoroughfares 4. Natural resources conservation and reforms 5. Decentralization and autonomy policy 6. Agrarian reform 7. Urban land use reform 8. Sites and Services for informal settlers 9. Utilities expansion and urban security 10.Rural development programs
RA 7279_UDHA Thank you and good day.
“This is Humanity’s great urbanization. We must do it right
or the planet will pay” REFLECTION:
Write an essay-reaction paper (handwritten) of not less than
2 pages (short bond paper-please staple or tack), 1.5 space, 1 cm border all throughout on the required reading no. 2: “This is humankind's 'great urbanization'. We must do it right, or the planet will pay”, a copy of which can be downloaded from our class’ e_group. Essentially, the paper must be able to note and or summarize the message that the readings or literature wants to convey and your personal actions and commitments to address the concerns and issues of urbanization.
