06 Stockholm Convention

The Stockholm Convention
Wednesday Group
Group Members
PO3 Nathaniel Don P Gamis 005386 PCG

PO3 Marie Ann V Pioquinto 005877 PCG
PO3 Herman M Olan 010498 PCG
SW1 Lirra J Yumul 005866 PCG
SN1 Niel June G Manlapao 006256 PCG
SN1 Crisanto V Diaz 006552 PCG
SN1 Aldrin B Cepcon 006792 PCG
SN1 Dione Andrei A Mandal 007075 PCG
Purpose of the Presentation
• Introduce the Stockholm Convention

• Summary of Provisions
• Persistent Organic Pollutants
Stockholm Convention
• Stockholm Convention is an
international environmental treaty
• Signed in 22 May 2001 and entered

into force on 17 May 2004
Objective
To protect human health and the

environment from the harmful
impacts of persistent organic
pollutants (POPs).
How?
– eliminate production and use of intentionally
produced POPs
– minimize and where feasible eliminate
releases of unintentionally produced POPs
– clean-up old stockpiles and equipment
containing POPs
– support the transition to safer alternatives
– target additional POPs for action
Summary of Provisions
Key elements of the convention:
 developed countries provide new and additional

financial resources and measures to eliminate
production and use of intentionally produced POPs
eliminate unintentionally produced POPs where

feasible
 manage and dispose of POPs wastes in an

environmentally sound manner
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
are organic compounds that are

resistant to environmental
degradation through chemical,
biological and photolytic processes
and thus remain in the environment
for a long time.
4 characteristics for POPs

POPs are carbon-based compounds characterized by:
ADVERSE EFFECTS
> POPs are toxic to humans and wildlife.
BIOACCUMULATION
> POPs become widely distributed throughout the environment.
PERSISTENCE
> POPs remain intact in the environment for a long time.
LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT
> POPs accumulate in fatty tissue of living organisms.
Effects of POPs on wildlife/humans
Cancers
Birth defects HUMAN BEINGS
Dysfunctional immune,
development, and
reproductive systems
Fertility problems
Disease susceptibility
ANIMALS
Diminished intelligence
3 groups of chemicals:
> Annex 1: Intentionally produced chemicals to be

eliminated.
> Annex 2: Intentionally produced chemicals with

restrictions.
> Annex 3: Unintentionally produced chemical.

12 chemicals targeted
Industrial
Pesticides chemicals By-products
Aldrin X
Chlordane X
DDT X
Dieldrin X
Endrin X
Heptachlor X
Mirex X
Toxaphene X
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) X X X
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) X X
Chlorinated dioxins X
Chlorinated furans X
Annex A - Intentionally produced chemicals that need to be eliminated.
Annex B - Intentionally produced chemicals with restrictions.
Annex C - Unintentionally produced chemicals.
How do pollutants get into the
environment?
POPs Video
Requirements for different kinds of
POPs
ANNEX A - Each Party shall prohibit and/or take the
legal and administrative measures necessary to
ELIMINATE:
> Its production and use of chemicals in
Annex A;
> Its import and export of chemicals in
Annex A.
POPs
ANNEX B - Production and use of chemicals
in Annex B should be ELIMINATED,
EXCEPT FOR “acceptable purposes”:
> Currentlylisted: only DDT used for

disease vector control.
> Industry must cease production of new
PCBs immediately;
POPs
cont…
> Industry must eliminate use of in-place PCB
equipment by 2025;
> Industry must achieve the environmentally
sound management of PCB wastes as soon as
possible and latest by 2028.
POPs
ANNEX C - Parties are to take measures to

MINIMIZE or ELIMINATE releases of the
unintentionally produced POPs.
Unintentionally produced POPs
Manufacturing process where use of chlorine-containing

materials is essential:
> Pulp & paper (bleaching)
> Chlorinated chemical productions (synthesis of chlorinated
aromatic chemicals, chlorinated solvents, PVC, ..)
> Oil refining and catalyst generation
Production application/use with chlorine-containing materials:

> Preservation of wood, leather, textiles
> Textile and leather dying
> Industrial bleaching processes
> Processes which involves solvents
> Water and wastewater disinfection
Unintentionally produced POPs
Thermal processes with chlorine-containing materials
incidentally present
Other thermal processes

> Metallurgical process, primary and secondary processes (Cu,
Fe, Al, Zn)
> Coke production and carbo-chemical processes
Mineral processing; especially cement kilns
Controlled combustion processes:

> Waste incineration
> Coal and oil combustion
> Landfill gas/biogas
POP as by-products
To reduce release of POPs BY-PRODUCTS, each Party shall:
> Develop and implement an action plan to evaluate

release and then take steps to address them;
> Promote application of measures to achieve realistic

and meaningful levels of release reduction or source
elimination;
> Promote development and use of substitute or

modified materials, products and processes to prevent
release of POPs.
Stockpiles and wastes
To manage STOCKPILES and WASTE, each Party shall:
> Develop strategies for identifying stockpiles, products and

wastes containing POPs;
> Manage POPs stockpiles and wastes in an environmentally

sound manner;
Dispose of POPs wastes in manner consistent with

international rules;
> Disposal that recycles POPs is not permitted;
> Transport of POPs wastes is not permitted without taking into

account international rules.
Identifying new POPs
PROCEDURE for adding new POPs to the Convention:
 Any party may submit a proposal for listing chemicals in Annexes A, B or
C
 POPs Review Committee is to be set up under the COP to review
submissions, develop risk profiles and risk management evaluations and
make recommends to COP;
 COP makes decision, Convention must be amended accordingly
(ratification required).
5 CANDIDATES are under consideration to join the initial list:

• Chlordecone (synthetic chlorintated organic compound)
• Hexabromobiphenyl (flame retardant for synthetic fibres and plastics)
• Pentabromodiphenyl (flame retardant)
• Lindane (pesticide)
• Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOs)
IMPLEMENTATION
Financial resources
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
 Parties from developed countries shall provide new and additional
funding to developing and countries with economics in transition
FINANCIAL MECHANISM
 There will be financial mechanism established under the treaty
(underfined yet) to assist countries in its implementation.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF)

 On an interim basis GEF will serve as the principal financial
mechanism of the Convention until the COP decides on the
institutional structure of the permanent financial mechanism.
IMPLEMENTATION
General provisions
COMMITMENTS of the Parties:
 Develop a NIP (National Implementation Plan);

 Facilitate information exchange;
 Promote public information, awareness anf education;
 Encourage research, development and monitoring;
 Report to COP on measures taken;
 Evaluate effectiveness of the treaty;
 Provide technical assistance to developing countries and
countries with economies in transition;
 Promote technology transfer.
IMPLEMENTATION
Country Status
What are the problems that need to be solved?
• Stockpiles of pesticides.
• No policies regarding disposal of stockpiles.
• Abandoned factories and storage warehouses can contain
banned POPs.
• High costs for removal and destruction of stockpiles.
• Inadequately defined responsibilities of authorities.
• Insufficient monitoring procedures for POPs sources and sites.
• Low level of awareness and environmental culture (industry
& public).
• Outdated production equipment and technologies.
• POPs related laboratory control and procedures not
available.
.
.
References:
www.wikipedia.com
www.google.com
www.pops.int
www.unep.fr
www.youtube.com for the video
.
END OF PRESENTATION…
THANK YOU!

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The Stockholm Convention

PO3 Nathaniel Don P Gamis 005386 PCG

• Introduce the Stockholm Convention

• Signed in 22 May 2001 and entered

To protect human health and the

 developed countries provide new and additional

eliminate unintentionally produced POPs where

 manage and dispose of POPs wastes in an

are organic compounds that are

4 characteristics for POPs

Effects of POPs on wildlife/humans

> Annex 1: Intentionally produced chemicals to be

> Annex 2: Intentionally produced chemicals with

> Annex 3: Unintentionally produced chemical.

> Currentlylisted: only DDT used for

ANNEX C - Parties are to take measures to

Manufacturing process where use of chlorine-containing

Production application/use with chlorine-containing materials:

Other thermal processes

Controlled combustion processes:

To reduce release of POPs BY-PRODUCTS, each Party shall:

> Develop and implement an action plan to evaluate

> Promote application of measures to achieve realistic

> Promote development and use of substitute or

To manage STOCKPILES and WASTE, each Party shall:

> Develop strategies for identifying stockpiles, products and

> Manage POPs stockpiles and wastes in an environmentally

Dispose of POPs wastes in manner consistent with

> Disposal that recycles POPs is not permitted;

> Transport of POPs wastes is not permitted without taking into

5 CANDIDATES are under consideration to join the initial list:

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY (GEF)

COMMITMENTS of the Parties:

 Develop a NIP (National Implementation Plan);

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