OUR Social Science Project ON

OUR
SOCIAL
SCIENCE
PROJECT
ON-
SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
MRS. AMITA MAM VASU
CLASS-Xth D
ROLL.NO.-9
Power sharing is too much desirable. This is the reason why most of the countries
have adopted power sharing.
For example:-Our nation, INDIA shows different forms of power sharing.
BELGIUM
o SIZE AND
POPULATION-
a) A small country in
Europe.
b) As much as the state

of Haryana.
c) Have population of 1
Crore.
d) Have borders with

France, Netherlands,
BELGIUM
o ETHNIC
COMPOSITION-
DUTCH 59%
a) 59% speak Dutch FRENCH 40%
and live in the
Flemish region.
GERMAN 1%
b) 40% speak French

and live in the
Wallonia Region.
c) 1% speak German
BRUSSELS
• Capital city of
Belgium.
• Has entirely
different ethnic
composition than the
country:-
a) 80% in the capital
speak French but
they are minority in
the country.
b) 20% in the capital
 The minority French were rich and powerful.
 The majority Dutch got the benefit of economic
development much later.
 The capital- Brussels represented a special problem i.e.
majority Dutch was in minority here.
This way, there were tensions between Dutch and
French speaking population.
Belgian leaders took a different way. They
recognized the existence of regional
differences and cultural diversities.
Between 1970 and 1993 the constitution was
amended four times to accommodate social
and cultural diversities.
For accommodating the interests of the
minority and the majority, Belgium adopted a
unique system of power sharing.
BELGIAN MODEL OF
GOVERNMENT
The constitution prescribes that the
number of Dutch and French speaking
ministers shall be equal in the central
government. Some special laws require
the support of majority of members
from each linguistic group.
Many powers of the Central

Government have been given to State
government. Therefore, the state
BELGIAN MODEL OF
GOVERNMENT
Brussels had separate government in
which both the communities have equal
representation. The majority French in
Brussels accepted equal representation in
Brussels because the majority Dutch
accepted equal representation in the
central government.
There is third form of Govt. called

‘Community Govt.’
 It is elected by people belonging to
one language community – the Dutch,
 Though complex, the
model has worked well
so far.
 It has avoided civic
strife between the two
communities.
 The European Union
chose to have its
Headquarters at
Brussels as Power
Sharing was
practiced
successfully.
o SIZE AND POPULATION:-
a. An island nation in South

Asia.
b. A few kilometers off the

southern coast of Tamil
Nadu.
c. Population of 2 Crore,
almost equal to as in
Haryana.
ETHNIC
COMPOSITION
TAMIL- SINHALA-
SPEAKERS CHRISTIANS
SPEAKERS
(18%) (7%)
(74%)
INDIAN SRI LANKAN BUDDHISTS

TAMILS (5%) TAMILS (13%)
In 1948, Sri Lanka became independent. A number of laws
were made to establish Sinhala’s supremacy:-
 In 1956 an Act was passed which recognized Sinhala as

the only official language of Sri Lanka; thus,
disregarding Tamil.
 Sinhala speakers were preferred both for university positions and

Government jobs.
 Constitution was amended to protect and foster Buddhism Language.

EFFECT ON TAMILS
 Tamils felt isolated.
 They felt that no party lead
by Sinhala leaders were
sensitive to their culture
and region.
 They felt that the
constitution and government
are denying them from equal
rights.
 They were discriminated
from getting jobs & other
opportunities.
 Their interest was ignored.
CIVIL WAR
WHY POWER SHARING
IS DESIRABLE?
PUDENTIAL REASONS MORAL REASONS

• It reduces the possibilities • Power sharing is the very
of conflicts between social spirit of Democracy.
groups. • People have a right to be
• It gives stability to consulted on how they are
government. to be governed.
• It strengthens the unity of
the country. to
1) Horizontal Division Of Power:- Legislature
• Each of these organs is placed at

the same level to exercise
• different
Each one powers
of them keeps watch on
the functioning of the other two.
• None of them has unlimited power Judiciary Executive
thus maintains balance.
• Hence it is called Check and
Balance System
2) Vertical Division Of Power:-
•The Central Govt. is set up for the whole
nation.
•The state/provincial govt. is set up for

each provinces/states.
•The central govt. transfers/shares some of
the powers to/with the state govt. (as in
Belgium).
•In a big country like India, this type of two tier system is
not sufficient.
•So we have the third tier – the Local Self Govt.
•Both the Central and State govt. have transferred power and
resources to the Local bodies.
3) Social Division Of Power:-
The power is shared among different social
groups- linguistic and religious groups.
Socially weaker sections also have to have

share in power.
Community government in Belgium is one

example for this type of power sharing.
In India, it is done by way of reservation.

Constituencies and seats are reserved for women,
SCs and STs.
4) Power Sharing among Political parties, pressure
groups and movements:-
• Parties compete with each other to come into
power.
• With the emergence of coalition government
many parties share power at the same time.
• Pressure groups and movements have share
in power by exerting pressure on the
government.
• They exert pressure by various means and get
policies framed in their favor.

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b) As much as the state

d) Have borders with

b) 40% speak French

Many powers of the Central

There is third form of Govt. called

a. An island nation in South

b. A few kilometers off the

INDIAN SRI LANKAN BUDDHISTS

 In 1956 an Act was passed which recognized Sinhala as

 Sinhala speakers were preferred both for university positions and

 Constitution was amended to protect and foster Buddhism Language.

PUDENTIAL REASONS MORAL REASONS

• Each of these organs is placed at

•The state/provincial govt. is set up for

•So we have the third tier – the Local Self Govt.

Socially weaker sections also have to have

Community government in Belgium is one

In India, it is done by way of reservation.

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