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    Chestx Rayinterpretation

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    TIRUCHANURU
    This document summarizes how to interpret chest X-rays. It outlines normal anatomy seen on chest X-rays including the heart, lungs, diaphragm and pleura. It also describes common abnormalities such as consolidation, abscesses, asthma, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis. Specific pathological conditions are explained like pneumonia, lung collapse, tuberculosis and cancers. Interpretation of chest X-rays involves evaluating radiopacity, radiolucency and vascular patterns to diagnose conditions affecting the lungs.

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    Chestx Rayinterpretation

    Uploaded by

    TIRUCHANURU
    45 views81 pages
    This document summarizes how to interpret chest X-rays. It outlines normal anatomy seen on chest X-rays including the heart, lungs, diaphragm and pleura. It also describes common abnormalities such as consolidation, abscesses, asthma, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis. Specific pathological conditions are explained like pneumonia, lung collapse, tuberculosis and cancers. Interpretation of chest X-rays involves evaluating radiopacity, radiolucency and vascular patterns to diagnose conditions affecting the lungs.

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    This document summarizes how to interpret chest X-rays. It outlines normal anatomy seen on chest X-rays including the heart, lungs, diaphragm and pleura. It also describes common abnormalities such as consolidation, abscesses, asthma, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis. Specific pathological conditions are explained like pneumonia, lung collapse, tuberculosis and cancers. Interpretation of chest X-rays involves evaluating radiopacity, radiolucency and vascular patterns to diagnose conditions affecting the lungs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views81 pages

    Chestx Rayinterpretation

    Uploaded by

    TIRUCHANURU
    This document summarizes how to interpret chest X-rays. It outlines normal anatomy seen on chest X-rays including the heart, lungs, diaphragm and pleura. It also describes common abnormalities such as consolidation, abscesses, asthma, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis. Specific pathological conditions are explained like pneumonia, lung collapse, tuberculosis and cancers. Interpretation of chest X-rays involves evaluating radiopacity, radiolucency and vascular patterns to diagnose conditions affecting the lungs.

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    Chest X-ray interpretation

    Harindu Udapitiya,
    Temporary Lecturer,
    Division of Pharmacology.
    Overview
    Before interpreting……

    1. Proper labelling
    2. Proper positioning
    3. Veiw-PA? AP? Lateral?
    4. Exposure
    5. Rotation
    6. Adequacy of inspiratory effort
    Normal Anatomy
    Normal Chest X-ray

     Cardiac Structures
     Position
     More central in younger infants and children
     More on the L side in older infants and teens

     Size
     The cardiothoracic ratio should be less than 0.5
     A cardiothoracic ratio of greater than 0.5 (in a good
    quality film) suggests cardiomegaly.
    A/B<0.5
    Cardiomegaly
     Trachea
     The trachea is placed usually just to the right of
    the midline
     Mediastinum
     Lungs
     There are three lobes in the right lung and two in
    the left.
     Right lung
    1. Upper lobe
    2. Middle lobe
    3. Lower lobe.
     Left lung
    1. Upper lobe; this contains the lingula
    2. Lower lobe.
     Pleura
     There are two layers of pleura: the parietal
    pleura and the visceral pleura.
     The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cage and
    the visceral pleura surrounds the lung.
     Diaphragm
     Contour
     Rounded with sharp pointed costophrenic and
    costocardiac angles. Blunting of costalphrenic or
    costocardiac angles suggests plueral effusion.
     Right diaphragm is usually 1-2 cm higher
    Abnormal Chest X-ray
     Radiopacity (whiteness) means increased
    density
     Radiotranslucency (blackness) means
    decreased density
     Radiopacity can be of 3 causes
     Alveolar pattern – fluffy, soft, poorly demarcated
    opacifications < 1 cm in diameter
     Possible causes:
     Pulmonary edema
     Viral pneumonia
     Pneumocystis
     Alveolar cell carcinoma
    Pneumonia
    Abnormal Chest X-ray
     Interstitial pattern
     Consolidation of interstitial tissue (alveolar walls,
    intralobular vessels, interlobar septa and
    connective tissue)
     Looks like branching lines radiating toward the
    periphery of the lung
     Possible causes:
     Interstitial
    pneumonitis
     Pulmonary fibrosis
    Pulmonary
    Fibrosis
    Abnormal Chest X-ray
     Vascular pattern – assessment of the
    pulmonary arteries and capillaries
     If there is an increase in the size of the
    pulmonary arteries as they extend out into the
    lung – pulmonary hypertension
     If there is a decrease in size, truncation, or
    obliteration of a pulmonary artery – embolus
     Lack of vascular making in the periphery -
    pneumothorax
    Pulmonary Hypertension
    Pulmonary
    Embolism
    Lung pathologies

    White Lung field Black lung Field

    Well defined Ill defined


     Collapse  Consolidation
     Pleural Effusion  Fifrosis
     Pulmonary Edema
     Infiltration
    Pathological Conditions

    1. Consolidation
    2. Abscess
    3. Bronchial Asthma
    4. Bronchiectasis
    5. COPD
    6. Lung Collapse
    7. Heart Failure
    8. Pulmonary fibrosis
    9. Hiatus hernia
    10. Pleural Effusion
    11. Pneumothorax
    12. TB
    13. Carcinoma
    14. Lymphoma
    15. Pericardial Effusion
    16. Mitral Stenosis
     17. ASD
    1.Consolidation

     Causes
     Pneumonia
     Bronchialcarcinoma
     Lymphoma
     Inflammatory conditions
     Radiological features
     Airbronchogram
     Silhouette
    sign
     Lower border
    R.Middle lobe
    Pneumonia
    R.Lower Lobe pneumonia
    2.Abscess
    3.Bronchial asthma

    I. Hyperinflation
    II. Diaphragmatic
    flattening
    III. Bronchial wall
    thickening
    IV. Hilar
    enlargement
    4.Bronchiectasis

    I. Tram line
    opacification
    II. “Bundle of graphes
    appearance”
    5.COPD
    7.Lung Collapse
     DD
    I. Lung collapse
    II. Lower lobe consolidation
    III. Pleural effusion
    IV. Raised hemi diaphragm
    8.Pulmonary fibrosis
    9.Pleural Effusion
    10.Pneumothorax
    11.Hiatus hernia
    12.TB
    Miliary
    TB
    13.Bronchial carcinoma
    14.Lymphoma
    15.Pericardial effusion
    16.Mitral Stenosis
    17.ASD
     1.Basics on normal chest x ray
     2.Basics on Abnormal chest x ray
     3.Pathological conditions

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