Chapter I

The Problem and its Background

Introduction

A class program is an essential part of giving students the quality education they seek.

The time of there class may affect there overall performance for the whole day. For

instance, students who has morning shift classes; specially those who sleep at late

night, often fell asleep during the class, as a result they can't focus on there lessons.

This is because the brain was suffering from fatigue due to lack of sleep. The brain

needs a complete sleep in order for it to function properly(Oswald, 1966). Many recent

studies that tends to support educational reforms that promotes the idea that morning

class shifts has an impending effect on the academic performance of the students,

likewise the proposal wanted to focus on how do the students learn rather than what

they learn.

Aside from the class shifts of the students, the time allotted per subject may also affect

there academic performance. According to studies, intangible factors such as motivation

and study time may affect a students academic achievement (Cote et. Al, 2000, Singth

et. al, 2000). Students has time and effort as his/her resources in learning. Utilizing both

efficiently may maximize there work. Increasing the instructional time may decrease the

impending effect on the educational performance of students(Levin & Tsang, 1987).

Giving students enough time to study and do there performing tasks may positively

reflect on there academic performance, like wise study time may refer to how external

activities may affect internal process of learning (Rothkopf, 1982).

for each subject must be planned thoroughly (Cattaneo, Oggenfuss & Wolter, 2016).

This important and crucial matter must not be put in scarce in order for the education

providers create a quality education for there learners. According to the Republic Act No.

232, also known as an Act providing for the establishment and maintenance of an

integrated system of education, Chapter 2, Section 9:

SECTION 9. Right of Students in School. — In addition to other

rights, and subject to the limitation prescribed by law and regulations, and
student and pupils in all schools shall enjoy the

following rights: chanroblespublishingcompany

1. The right to receive, primarily through competent

instruction, relevant quality education in line with national

goals and conducive to their full development as person with

human dignity.

As a researcher, we aim to see Senior High School Class Program relation to

the Promotion Rate of the School as an attempt to be of help improving the

utmost quality of education in line to the Education Act of 1982 (An act

providing for the establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of

education) .
Background

Class shifts, specially morning class shifts gives a hard time for students with sleeping

disorders such as DSPD (Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder), in which it affects the

persons Timing of sleep; making them fell asleep after midnight, peak period of

alertness, body temperature, and other daily body cycles. Likewise, people with this

sleep disorder may experience difficulty in waking up during the morning. Lack of sleep

may prevent the brain from recovering biological damage(Oswald, 1966), As a result,

students who experience such sleeping disorder may suffer from lack of alertness, and

cognitive and retentive abilities. School works, for a day, may exhaust the brain, and

sleep may help it recover. It helps regenerate biological processes that was deteriorated

during the day, likewise, it also helps replenish protiens in the brain that helps it for

proper functioning(Oswald,1966).

The learning process may requires more time in order for the students to give too much

effort that may lead to pressure and low educational achievement. According to several

studies study time greatly affects the academic achievement of students, as it is one of

the requirements ro achieve quality education(Cote et. al, 2000, Singth et. al, 2000). A

study time, according to Rothkopf (1982), study time may refer to the process in which

external activities may affect internal learning. Likewise, if the effort for too much

activities given by teachers will be done for a long period of time, there would be a

decrease on the impending effect of time towards the academic performance of

students(Levin & tsang, 1987).

or the resources used, and the alloted time given(Cattaneo et. al, 2016). If all of this

requirements were utilized efficiently, learners might spend more time seeking

knowledge with less effort.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The research entitled “ The Relation of Senior High School Class Program to the

Promotion Rate of the School” is aiming to know the various possible effects of. The

grade 12 students is needed for this research and it is also conducted at San Jose

Senior High School and at Kasiglahan Village Senior High School. This is for school

year 2019-2020.To know the relation of the students in their quality of learning because

of the class program. Gathering and evaluating information , survey, and observing.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study stated the problem by showing a questions that the research need

about to their study.

1. What is the schools class program?

2. What is the schools promotion rate?

3. Is there any relation between senior High School Class program and the promotion rate of the school?

HYPOTHESIS

There is a significant difference in class program and the promotion rate of the

school.
 Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework
Process
*Collecting of
Input necessary informations Output“ The Relation
*Senior High School Class for the research. of Senior High School
Program *Data gathering via Class Program to the
*Promotion Rate of the survey questionnare's. Promotion Rate of the
School *Data analysis and School”
interpretation.

Figure 1

The figure above shows how the research entitled “ The Relation of Senior

High School Class Program to the Promotion Rate of the School” is

conceptualized. The input shows two variables of the research; the independent

variable ‘class program’ and the dependent variable ‘promotion rate ’. In order for

the researchers to finish the research, performed the process of collecting

necessary information’s for their research, gathering data via survey

questionnaire’s, and analyzing/interpreting the data they gathered In order to

finish their research entitled "Early Class Schedules Relation to Senior High

School Students Academic Achievement School Year-2019".

The researchers used two Theories to support their study.

They used Maslow’s Hierarchy of need’s theory and Ian Oswald's Restoration

Theory of sleep.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is a theory stating that human motivation can

be pushed by being satisfied by each layer of the hierarchy, and you can only

go to the next level if you already felt satisfaction from your current level of

needs.

According to his theory, Human motivation starts to build up through

physiological needs. This needs are the one's needed by the body to survive.

This needs includes Homeostasis, Food, Shelter, water, clothes, sex, and

sleep. In order for humans to pursue motivation higher up, this needs must be

met first. When it is met, motivation starts to rise on the next levels of the

hierarchy; Safety needs, Social belonging, Self Esteem, and Self

Actualization.

Sleep is an example of Physiological needs. And sleep may contribute to a

better quality of learning. According to some studies students with less than 6

hours of sleep may gain low leveled scores on standardized tests, it is

because humans do need sleep in order for the brain and the whole body to

function properly. According to Ian Oswald's Restoration theory of sleep, the

function of sleeping is to restores the bodys biological processes that

through protien synthesis. Sleep may restore proper brain functioning.

If sleep deprevation occurs, the brain would not function the way it was.

II. Definition of terms

Class program- is the independent variable that affects the dependent variable. It may

be used to determine how academic performance decrease or increase.

humans are motivated via certain needs.

Promotion rate- is the dependent variable with unknown value; either High or Low

value, that can be determined by the independent variable.

Restoration theory of sleep - is a theory suggesting that sleep allows the body to

rejuvinate so it function properly.

Senior Highschool Students - are the main respondents of the research “ The

Relation of Senior High School Class Program to the Promotion Rate of the School”.

Sleep deprevation - it pertains the sleeplessness of the respondents of the research. It

may be the factor that affects there brain and cognitive functioning.