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PAI PARVAZ DIVISION

STD : VI
SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
MADE BY : MRS.SAFINA SHAIKH
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INDEX
SR.NO TOPIC PAGE.NO
I TERM
1 THE EARTH AND THE GRATICULE 3
2 LET US USE THE GRATICULE 5
3 COMPARING A GLOBE AND A MAP; FIELD VISIT 8
4 WEATHER AND CLIMATE 9
5 TEMPERATURE 11
II TERM
6 IMPORTANCE OF OCEAN 13
7 ROCKS AND ROCK TYPES 15
8 NATURAL RESOURCES 17
9 ENERGY RESOURCES 19
10 HUMAN OCCUPATIONS 20
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LS.1 THE EARTH AND THE GRATICULE

https://youtu.be/ChBhKPhB4VE

Q.I. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1. Parallels terms are used for the imaginary east-west horizontal lines on the earth.

2. Parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude together form Graticules on the

globe.

3. The values of parallels are angular measured expressed in degrees.

4. The equator bisects the earth into northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere.

5. We can tell the exact location of a place on the earth using latitudes and longitudes.

Q.II ( ) tick the correct answer.

1. What is the shape of the meridians?

a) Circular

b) Semicircular

c) points

2. How many parallels are there in the northern hemisphere?

a) 90

b) 89

c) 91

3. Which circle forms the eastern and western hemisphere?

a) 0 parallel and 180 meridians

b) 0 Prime Meridians and 180 meridians

c) North and South Polar circles

4. Which circle appears as a point on the globes?

a) Equator

b) North/South Pole

c) Prime Meridians

5. How many places on the earth may be located on 45 N parallel?

a) one

b) many

c) two

Q.III Answer the following :

Q.1How will you express the latitude and longitude of the North Pole?
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Ans: We will express the latitudes and longitudes of the North Pole as 90 N latitude
and x longitude.

Q.2 How much is the angular distance between the Tropic of cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn?

Ans: The angular distance between the Tropic of cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is 47.

Q.3 Write the names of the countries through which the equator passes?

Ans: The names of some countries through which the equator passes are Colombia,
Brazil, Indonesia, Kenya, and Somalia.

Q.4 Write the full form of GIS and GPS.

Ans: GIS – Geographical Information System.

GPS – Global Positioning System.

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LS.2 LET US USE THE GRATICULE

https://youtu.be/ep7XSSVM1Rg

Q.I. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1. 66⁰ 30ˈ North parallel means Arctic Circle.

2. Equator is a parallel that bisect the earth.

3. The angular distance of the arctic circle from the North Pole is 66⁰ 30ˈ.

4.The Prime Meridians and the Equator intersect each other in the Atlantic Ocean.

5. UptoTropic of Cancerand Tropic of Capricorn the sun’s rays can be perpendicular

from the equator.

6. The latitude of a place on the South Pole is 90⁰ S.

Q.II CORRECT THE WRONG SENTENCE.

1. While describing the location of the place mentioning the meridian is sufficient.

Ans: Wrong.

While describing the location of the place mentioning the meridian as well as parallels
is essential.

2. For describing the extent of a region, it is necessary to assume the latitude and
longitude of the center of the adjoining region.

Ans: Wrong.

For describing the extent of a region, it is necessary to assume the 2 latitude and 2
longitudes at the extreme ends of the same region.

3. Location of a road can be described by a map as well as GIS and GPS.etc

Ans: Right.

4. 0⁰ East meridian and 180⁰ East meridian.

Ans: Wrong.

5. 0⁰ meridians and 180⁰ meridians.

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Q.III WRITE THE IMPORTANT PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS

IMPORTANT PARALLELS

1. North Pole 2.Arctic Circle 3.Tropic of Cancer 4. Equator 5.Tropic of Capricorn

6.Antarctic Circle 7.South Pole.

Q.IV. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING.

https://youtu.be/l09uYvOybfs

Q.1 What are the horizontal lines on the globe called?

Ans : The horizontal lines on the globe are called parallels of latitudes.

Q.2 What are the vertical lines on the globe called?

Ans : The vertical lines on the globe are called meridians of longitude.
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Q.3Which important parallel passes through India?

An: The Tropic of Cancer Passes through India.

Q.4 In which region of India is the temperature is comparatively low?

Ans: In the northern region of India is the temperature is comparatively low.

Q.5 Write in brief about Greenwich Meridian.

Ans: 0⁰ longitude or Prime Meridian is called Greenwich Meridians. The main purpose
of this meridian is to fix the global standard time and coordinate the standard time of
different countries is also known as GMT. ( Greenwich Mean Time).
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LS.3 COMPARING A GLOBE AND A MAP; FIELD VISIT

Q.I. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1 .A surface having length and width is called two dimensional.

2. Maps are two dimensional and a globe is three dimensional

3. A globe can be used to understand the concept of day and night on the earth.

4. A map is useful to show our village / city.

Q.II EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MAP AND A GLOBE.

MAP GLOBE

1. A map is a two dimensional device for 1. A globe is a three dimensional device

studying geography. for studying geography.

2. A map can be used to study regions of 2. A globe cannot be used to study regions
limited extent. of limited extent.

Q.III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:-

Q.1What features can be shown on a very small globe?

Ans: The following features can be shown on very small globe.1.Parallel of latitude
and Meridians of longitude. 2. Countries 3.Island 4.Gulf 5.Bays 6.Seas 7.Oceans etc.

Q.2 Write the meanings of:-

A) Two Dimensional-A surface having two dimensions, length and width, is called
two dimensional. Eg.paper, blackboard, table top, land, etc.

B) Three Dimensional- An object having three dimensions such as length, width,

height or thickness is called three dimensional. Eg.a duster, box, glass, pot, hill, the
moon, etc.

Q.IV. Which device will be useful to show your village or a city?

Ans: A map will be useful to show our village or a city.

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LS.4 WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Q.I. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1. The average weather condition of a place observed over a long period of time is the
climate of that region.

2. The weather changes quite often due to changes in temperature and humidity.

3. The temperature also goes on decreasing from the equator towards both the poles.

4. As we move upward from sea level, the temperature of air decreases.

5. The air that has greater amount of vapour is called humid air.

Q.II. WHO AM I?

1.I keep on changing.

Ans: Weather

2. I am not the same at all places.

Ans: Climate.

3. I am the solid state of water droplets.

Ans: Snow/ Hail.

4. I am present in the atmosphere in the form of vapour.

Ans:Moisture.

Q.III Answer the following in one sentence.

1.What is weather?

Ans: Short lived atmospheric condition prevailing at a place and at a given time is
weather.

2. What is climate?

Ans: The average weather condition of a place observed over a long period of time is
climate of that region.

3.What are the elements of weather?

Ans: Temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture, precipitation are the elements of
weather.

Q.IV.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN BRIEF.

1. Why is the climate of Mahabaleshwar cool?

Ans: Climate of Mahabaleshwar is cool because i) As we move upward from sea level,
the temperature of air decreases. ii) Mahabaleshwar is located at high latitude in
Sahyadri Mountains.
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2. Why is the climate near the sea humid?

Ans: The climate near the sea is humid because of the heating of seawater and water
vapour gets mixed in the air. Air near the sea area having high temperature holds a
greater amount of moisture.
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LS.5 TEMPERATURE

Q.1 CORRECTS THE WRONG SENTENCE.

1. The temperature near the sea level is higher.

Ans: Right

2. Isotherms generally appear parallel to the longitude.

Ans: Wrong.

Isotherms generally appear parallel to the latitude.

3. The water heats up and cools down slowly.

Ans: Right

Q.II WHO AM I?

1. I connect places of equal temperature :Isotherm

2. I am useful for measuring the correct temperature : Thermometer
3. I get heated due to land or water near me : Air
4. Land and water get heated due to me : Sun

Q.III Answer the following in one sentence.

1. Which is main factor influencing the distribution of temperature?

Ans: Latitude is main factor influencing the distribution of temperature.

2. What is called annual range of temperature?

Ans: The difference in the mean temperature of summer and winter is called annual
range of temperature.

3. What is called diurnal range of temperature?

Ans: The difference in the maximum and the minimum temperature of a day is called
diurnal range of temperature.

4. What is isotherm?

Ans: The line that is drawn on a map joining the places of equal temperature on the
earth is isotherm.

Q.IV. GIVE REASONS

1. Coastal areas have an equable climate.

Ans: 1)In the coastal areas because of the heating of seawater, water vapour gets mixed
in the air. 2) This water vapour holds the heat in the air and the air remains humid.3)
Humid air leads to less amount of difference in the day and night temperature in the
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coastal areas have an equal climate.

2. The temperature of the earth increasing.

Ans : 1) Some gases in the atmosphere like Carbon dioxide and water vapour can hold
the heat within themselves for a long period of time. 2) These gases are called
Greenhouse gases. 3) Due to urbanization, deforestation, industrialization etc. the
proportion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere day by day. Therefore the
temperature of the earth is increasing.
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LS.6 IMPORTANCE OF OCEAN

Q.1 Fill in the blanks.

1. 97.7 per cent of the total global water is contained in ocean.

2. The Dead Sea is known to have the maximum salinity.

3. Ocean is the source of the rain.

4. Warm ocean moves from the equatorial region to polar region.

5. Cold ocean moves from the Polar Regions to equatorial region.

Q.2 Answer the following in sentence each.

1. What are the planetary winds?

https://youtu.be/XfoxpPxawvU

Ans: Winds that blow due to pressure difference in the pressure belts are called the
planetary wind.

2.For which purpose are marine animals used?

Ans: Marine animals are used for preparing various food items, producing fertilizers,
pharmaceuticals etc. and for research.

3 Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?

Ans: The continents of North America, South America, Asia and Australia are located
along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Q.3 Find the odd man out.

1. Shell, Fish, Crab, Ship.

Ans: Ship. Ship is manmade and all other things are naturally found in oceans.

2. Arabian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Dead Sea, Caspian Sea.

Ans: Dead Sea. Dead Sea is comparatively smaller than others.
3. Sri Lanka, India, Norway, Peru

Ans: Peru. Peru is to the south of the equator. All other nations are to the north
of the equator.

4. Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Bay of Bengal.

Ans: Bay of Bengal. Bay of Bengal is a Bay. All others are Oceans.

5. Natural gas, Salt, Gold, Manganese.

Ans: Natural Gas, Natural gas is a gas. All others are minerals.

Q. 4 Name the following.

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1. Oceans in the world:

i) Pacific Ocean ii) Atlantic Ocean iii) Indian Ocean

iv) Southern Ocean v) Arctic Ocean

2. Minerals obtained from ocean:

i) Iron ii)Lead iii)Cobalt iv)Sodium

v)Manganese vi)Chromium vii)Zinc, etc.

Q.5 Answer the following questions.

1. Which items does man get from the ocean?

Ans: Man gets the following items from the ocean: i) Minerals like, iron, lead, cobalt,
sodium, manganese, chromium, zink.etc. ii) Precious items like pearls and corals and
ornamental items like shells. iii) Mineral oil and natural gas. iv) Food items like
prawns, clams, crabs, seerfish, mackerel, pomfret, Indian shark, and Indian salmon,
etc. and medical plants.

2. Why it is economic to carry out transport by waterways?

Ans: i) By waterways, bulky materials like coal, crude oil, raw materials, metallic
materials, food grains, etc. can be transported with ease. Ii)Water transport carried out
along ocean currents, accelerates the speed of ships and also saves fuel to a
considerable extent. Therefore, it is economic to carry out transport by waterways.

3. Why is there a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far
away from the oceans?

https://youtu.be/RdySewpDvAQ

Ans: i) In the regions close to the oceans, because of the heating of sea water, water
vapour gets mixed in the air.

ii) This water vapour holds the heat in the air and the air remains humid.

iii) Humid air leads to less amount of difference in the day and night temperature.
Therefore, regions close to the oceans have an equal climate.

iv) In the regions far away from the oceans, the amount of water vapour is extremely
less. As its effect, the air remains dry.

v) Dry air leads to a sharp difference in the day and night temperature. Therefore,
regions far away from the oceans have an extreme climate.

In this way, there is a difference in the climates of regions close to the oceans and
regions far away from the oceans.
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Ls.7. ROCKS AND ROCK TYPES

https://youtu.be/17l2LrjZi9o

Q.1 Name the following.

1. The main minerals found in rocks:

Ans: i) Silica ii) Aluminium iii) Magnesium iv) Iron.

2. Main three types of rocks:

Ans: i) Igneous rocks ii) Sedimentary rocks iii) metamorphic ricks

3. A rock formed out of volcanic froth:

Ans: Pumice

4. The rock used for constructing the Red Fort:

Ans: Red sandstone.

5. The rock used for constructing the Taj Mahal:

Ans: Marble.

6. The rock found in Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts:

Ans: Laterite.

Q.2 Answer the following question in one sentence each.

1. What is rock?

Ans: Rock is a mixture of different minerals formed by natural processes in the

lithosphere.

2. Of which things is the earth’s crust made of?

Ans: The earth’s crust is made of rocks and soil.

3. What are called fossils?

Ans: Putrefied impressions of the buried remains of dead animals or plants in rocks
are called fossils.

Q.3 Answer the following questions.

1. Write in brief about the formation process of igneous rocks.

Ans: When the molten material known as magma and lava cools down, it solidifies.
The process of solidification gives rise to the rocks. These rocks are known as igneous
rocks.

2. Find the difference between igneous rocks and Sedimentary rocks.

Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks

1. Igneous rocks are formed out of cooling 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed out of
down of magma lava. deposition of layers of sediments and their
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2. Igneous rocks are heavy. compaction.

2. Sedimentary rocks are lightweight.

3. Find out the difference between Sedimentary rocks and Metamorphic rocks.

Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks

1. Sedimentary rocks are formed out of 1. Metamorphic rocks are formed out of
deposition of layers of sediments and their re-crystallization of the original rocks due
compaction. to tremendous heat and pressure.
2. Sedimentary rocks are lightweight. 2. Metamorphic rocks are heavy.
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LS.8 NATURAL RESOURCES

Q.1 Name the following.

1. Natural resources: Air, soil, water, plants, animals, minerals and land.

2. Products obtained from forest: Fruits, flowers, wood, honey, rubber, resin etc.

3. Animals employed for transportation and carrying loads: Horse, oxen, camel,
asses.

4. Products obtained from animals: Milk, eggs, meat, bones, hide, wool.

Q.2 WRITE THE USES OF THE FOLLOWING RESOURCES.

1. WATER: Water is used for drinking, bathing washing clothes. It is also used for
farming, carrying out fishing, producing salt etc.

2.FOREST: forests are used for gathering products such as fruits, flowers, wood ,
honey , rubber , resin etc. Forest are the habitats for many animals.

3. ANIMALS: Animals are useful for ploughing, riding, transporting goods etc. They
are also useful for getting products like milk, egg, meat, bones, wool etc.

4.Minerals: Metallic minerals are useful for obtaining various metals and non-metallic
minerals are useful for obtaining various chemicals.

5.LAND: Land is used for selling and buying, constructing houses, trading, carrying
out business etc. All living things that are born on land grow, live and die on the land
itself.

Q. Answer the following question.

1. What factors influence the formation of soil?

https://youtu.be/kybPmB1zBUw

Ans: i)Due to continuous variations in temperature, rocks get decomposed.

ii) Due to rivers glaciers and wind, rock particles are deposited slowly towards low
lying areas. Iii) In this way the factors like original rock, climate, organic components,
slope of land and time influence the formation of soil.

2. What are the uses of minerals?

Ans: i) Metallic minerals are used for obtaining different metals such as iron, bauxite
etc. ii) Non- Metallic minerals are used in obtaining various chemicals. These chemicals
are further used for preparing different medicine.

3.Why is it necessary to conserve natural resources?

Ans: i) Most of the natural resources are limited in nature. Ii) Increase in human
population and the greed of humans led to exploitative use of natural resources. This
began to upset the balance of nature. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve natural
resources.
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Q. Complete the following chart.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Soil Air Water Minerals Vegetation Animals Land

Agriculture Respiration Drinking Metal Fruits Fish Houses

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LS.9. ENERGY RESOURCES

https://youtu.be/fjuvatIoSzY

Q.1What resources will have to be used for the following work?

1. Rohan wants to fly a kite – Wind

2. People in an Adivasi hamlet have to be protected from the cold – wood.

3. Cooking on a picnic – Wood, Coal etc.

4. Salma wants to iron her clothes – Electricity, Coal etc.

5. Starting a railway engine - Electricity, Coal etc.

6. Heating water for a bath – Wood, Biogas etc.

7. After sunset, making light available inside house – Kerosene, Electricity.

Q.2 Answer the following questions.

1. Which energy resources doe’s man uses the most? Why?

Ans: Man uses coal the most, because coal is comparatively easily available
everywhere in greater quantities.

2. Why are energy resources needed?

Ans: The energy resources are needed to satisfy the need of man. Energy resources are
needed for heating water, for cooking food, for driving vehicles, for running machines,
etc.

3. Why do we need to use environment-friendly energy resources?

Ans: Because the use of bio fuels leads to pollution. Increasing pollution upsets the
balance of nature and it adversely affects all living things including humans, therefore
to maintain the balance of nature, we need to use environment-friendly energy
resources.

Q.3 Write brief note on:

1. Coal

Long ago plan and animal remain got buried due to earth movements. They were then
decomposed due to extreme pressure and heat, leaving behind element, carbon.by this
process, coal was formed. Low quality coal is used for cooling. High quality coal is
used in industries and thermal power station.

2. Solar energy.

We get light and heat from the sun. India is located in the Torrid Zone. Therefore, it
has a lot of scope for using solar energy. Devices like cookers, lamps, heaters, vehicles,
etc. can be run on solar power. The generation of solar power depends on the intensity
of sunrays and the duration of sunshine.
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Ls. 10 HUMAN OCCUPATIONS

Q.1 Fill in the blanks.

1. Serving as a bus conductor is a tertiary type of occupation.

2. In the tropical areas, we mainly see primary occupations.

3. Amol’s Granny sells papads and pickles. It is secondary type of occupation.

Q.2 Name the following.

1. Primary occupations: Farming, Fishing, Animal husbandry etc.

2. Secondary occupations: Making milk products from milk, Making sugar from
sugarcane, Making cloth from cotton etc.

3. Tertiary occupations: Transporting goods, Loading and unloading of goods, Selling

goods, Grinding knives, Postal services, Policemen etc.

4. Quaternary occupations: Medical services, Designing of buildings, Maintaining and

repairing machines, Investigating the quality of products, Researching, Teaching,
Checking examination papers etc.

Q.3 Answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. Which occupations are called primary occupations?

Ans: Occupations that are directly dependent on nature are called primary
occupations.

2. Which occupations are called secondary occupations?

Ans: Occupations that are related to processing and quality enhancing of the products
obtained from primary occupations are called secondary occupations.

3. Which occupations are called tertiary occupations?

Ans: Occupations providing complementary services to the primary and secondary

occupations are called tertiary occupations.

4. Which occupations are called quaternary occupations?

Ans: The special services rendered by people having some special skills/expertise are
called quaternary occupations.

Q.4. Give reasons.

1. The type of occupation determines a person’s income.

Ans: i) Generally, fewer skills are required to perform primary occupations such as
animal husbandry, lumbering, etc. Therefore, people engaged in these occupations get
comparatively less income. ii) On the other hand, greater skills are required to perform
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quaternary occupations such as designing buildings, treating patients, teaching, etc.

Therefore, people engaged in these occupations get comparatively high income. In this
way, the type of occupation determines a person’s income.

2. Quaternary services are not commonly seen.

Ans: i) Quaternary services are not of an ordinary nature.

ii) These services are rendered by those people who have some special skill/ expertise.
Therefore, quaternary services are not commonly seen.

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