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    Jumhūrīyyat Al-'Irāq: Iraq (

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    JOYCE
    Iraq is a country in Western Asia located between Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria. It has a population of over 37 million people, most of whom are Muslim Arabs or Kurds. Iraq has a long history as the site of several ancient civilizations like Babylon and Assyria, and was part of the Ottoman Empire until the 20th century when the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence. Iraq is currently a federal parliamentary republic consisting of 19 provinces and the autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan. It has a diverse population and was the site of US invasion and occupation in the 2000s as well as the rise of ISIL, which has since been largely defeated.

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    Jumhūrīyyat Al-'Irāq: Iraq (

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    JOYCE
    27 views2 pages
    Iraq is a country in Western Asia located between Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria. It has a population of over 37 million people, most of whom are Muslim Arabs or Kurds. Iraq has a long history as the site of several ancient civilizations like Babylon and Assyria, and was part of the Ottoman Empire until the 20th century when the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence. Iraq is currently a federal parliamentary republic consisting of 19 provinces and the autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan. It has a diverse population and was the site of US invasion and occupation in the 2000s as well as the rise of ISIL, which has since been largely defeated.

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    Iraq 

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    Iraq is a country in Western Asia located between Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria. It has a population of over 37 million people, most of whom are Muslim Arabs or Kurds. Iraq has a long history as the site of several ancient civilizations like Babylon and Assyria, and was part of the Ottoman Empire until the 20th century when the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence. Iraq is currently a federal parliamentary republic consisting of 19 provinces and the autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan. It has a diverse population and was the site of US invasion and occupation in the 2000s as well as the rise of ISIL, which has since been largely defeated.

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    27 views2 pages

    Jumhūrīyyat Al-'Irāq: Iraq (

    Uploaded by

    JOYCE
    Iraq is a country in Western Asia located between Turkey, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Syria. It has a population of over 37 million people, most of whom are Muslim Arabs or Kurds. Iraq has a long history as the site of several ancient civilizations like Babylon and Assyria, and was part of the Ottoman Empire until the 20th century when the Kingdom of Iraq gained independence. Iraq is currently a federal parliamentary republic consisting of 19 provinces and the autonomous region of Iraqi Kurdistan. It has a diverse population and was the site of US invasion and occupation in the 2000s as well as the rise of ISIL, which has since been largely defeated.

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    Iraq (/ɪ ˈ ræk/, /ɪ ˈ rɑː k/ (

    listen) or /aɪ ˈ ræk/; Arabic: ‫ العراق‬al-'Irāq; Kurdish: ‫ عێراق‬Eraq), officially


    the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: ‫ُج ُمهورية العِراق‬ Jumhūrīyyat
    al-'Irāq; Kurdish: ‫ کۆماری عێراق‬Komari Eraq), is a country in Western Asia,
    bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the
    southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to
    the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse
    ethnic groups
    including Arabs, Kurds, Chaldeans, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Ar
    menians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya.[5] Around 95% of the country's
    37 million citizens are Muslims,
    with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism and Mandeanism also present. The official
    languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

    Iraq has a coastline measuring 58 km (36 miles) on the northern Persian


    Gulf and encompasses the Mesopotamian Alluvial Plain, the northwestern end
    of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern part of the Syrian
    Desert.[6] Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run south through Iraq
    and into the Shatt al-Arab near the Persian Gulf. These rivers provide Iraq
    with significant amounts of fertile land.

    The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, historically known
    as Mesopotamia, is often referred to as the cradle of civilisation. It was here
    that mankind first began to read, write, create laws and live in cities under an
    organised government—notably Uruk, from which "Iraq" is derived. The area
    has been home to successive civilisations since the 6th millennium BC. Iraq was
    the centre of the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Chaldean Empire,
    and Babylonian empires. It was also part of
    the Median, Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun,
    Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, Seljuk, Mongol, Timurid, Safavid, Afsharid and
    Ottomanempires.[7]

    The country today known as Iraq was a region of the Ottoman Empire until
    the partition of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century. It was made up of
    three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul
    Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. In April 1920 the British
    Mandate of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of
    Nations. A British-backed monarchy joining these vilayets into one Kingdom
    was established in 1921 under Faisal I of Iraq. The Hashemite Kingdom of
    Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932. In 1958, the monarchy was
    overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq was controlled by the Arab
    Socialist Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003. After an invasion by the United
    States and its allies in 2003, Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party was removed
    from power, and multi-party parliamentary elections were held in 2005.
    The US presence in Iraq ended in 2011,[8] but the Iraqi insurgency continued
    and intensified as fighters from the Syrian Civil War spilled into the country.
    Out of the insurgency came a highly destructive group calling itself ISIL, which
    took large parts of the north and west. It has since been largely defeated.
    Disputes over the sovereignty of Iraqi Kurdistan continue. A referendum about
    the full sovereignty of Iraqi Kurdistan was held on 25 September 2017. On 9
    December 2017, then-Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi declared victory
    over ISIL after the group lost its territory in Iraq.[9]

    Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of 19 governorates


    (provinces) and one autonomous region (Iraqi Kurdistan). The country's official
    religion is Islam. Culturally, Iraq has a very rich heritage and celebrates the
    achievements of its past in both pre-Islamic as well as post-Islamic times and
    is known for its poets. Its painters and sculptors are among the best in
    the Arab world, some of them being world-class as well as producing fine
    handicrafts, including rugs and carpets. Iraq is a founding member of
    the UN as well as of the Arab League, OIC, Non-Aligned Movement and
    the IMF.

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