Reviewer Science For Grade 9 Students

“Respiratory & Circulatory Systems”
30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
HOMEOSTASIS
• a relatively stable state of equilibrium
• is the regulation of conditions in the body such as
temperature, water content and carbon dioxide
levels.
• Is the maintenance of a constant internal
environment
DIFFUSION
• A spontaneous movement of substances that moves
from a region of higher concentration to one of lower
concentration
KEY CONCEPT
The respiratory and circulatory
systems bring oxygen and nutrients to
the cells
I. The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to
maintain homeostasis
• The circulatory system

transports blood and other
materials
–brings supplies to cells
–carries away wastes
–separates oxygen-poor
and oxygen-rich blood
• The respiratory system is where gas

exchange occurs
–picks up oxygen from inhaled air
–expels (gets rid of) carbon dioxide
and water sinus
nose
mouth
epiglottis
trachea
lungs
The respiratory system moves gases into
and out of the blood
• The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
• Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area
• The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air

you inhale
alveoli bronchiole
BLOOD FLOW & GAS EXCHANGE WITHIN THE HEART,

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND THE LUNGS
LUNGS
GAS EXCHANGE ACTIVITY
CAPILLARY
CAPILLARY
VEINS AORTA
R ATRIUM
L ATRIUM
R VENTRICLE L VENTRICLE
GUIDE QUESTIONS
HOW DO THE HEART AND LUNGS WORK TOGETHER?

• The heart pumps the blood that transports
the inhaled gas oxygen to every cell of the
body. Carbon dioxide is given off in the
process and is carried by the blood to the
lungs and is released through exhalation.
WHAT TAKES PLACE WHEN YOU INHALE AND

EXHALE?
• Gas exchange happens when we inhale and
exhale. We take in oxygen and emit carbon
dioxide.
WHAT DOES BLOOD DELIVER TO EVERY PART OF THE

BODY?
• Blood delivers nutrients, oxygen and other
substances that are needed by the body.
WHY IS OXYGEN IMPORTANT TO YOUR BODY?
• Oxygen is important to our body because it is
one of the substances needed by the cells in
order to make energy.
HOW WILL YOU DESCRIBE THE SEQUENCE OF

OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE AND BLOOD FLOW?
• Oxygen enters the respiratory system
through inhalation, and enters the blood
stream to be circulated throughout the body.
Carbon dioxide from the tissues enter the
blood then to the lungs where it is exhaled.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
II. The circulatory system moves blood to all
parts of the body
• The system includes the heart, veins
arteries, veins, and capillaries
– heart pumps blood
throughout body
– arteries move blood away
from heart (Artery Away)
– veins move blood back to arteries
heart
– capillaries get blood to and
from the cells
• The respiratory system exchanges

oxygen and carbon dioxide with
the blood inside the body and the
outside air
• The circulatory system moves that
blood around the body and back to
the lungs
• They are working together
HEART OBJECT.SWF
AORTA – carry blood away from the heart

• From the heart to the every cell in your body
• OXYGEN is then process the nutrients and release
energy.
• As the muscles use the oxygen up, carbon dioxide is
produced and absorbed into the blood.
ARTERY
BACK
VEINS – carry blood back to the heart

• From the capillary to the heart
• It carries carbon dioxide
• And this de-oxygenated blood is pumped back to the
heart then on to the lungs.
• The lungs get rid of this carbon dioxide, and breathe in
more oxygen.
BACK VEIN

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to
and from the alveoli.
– oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary
– oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
– carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli
ALVEOLI GAS EXCHANGES
capillary
alveolus
Co2 diffuses
into alveolus. co2
O2 diffuses
o2 into blood.
capillaries
BACK
• Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and
cells.
CAPILLARIES
ARTERY VEIN
arteriole venule BACK

CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
 The cardiovascular
system is transport system
of body
 It comprises blood, heart
and blood vessels.
 The system supplies
nutrients to and remove
waste products from
various tissue of body.
 The conveying media is
liquid in form of blood
which flows in close
tubular system.
Figure 1-2(f)
FUNCTION OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 Transport nutrients, hormones
 Remove waste products
 Gaseous exchange
 Immunity
 Blood vessels transport blood
◦ Carries oxygen and
carbon dioxide
◦ Also carries nutrients
and wastes
 Heart pumps blood through
blood vessels
COMPONENTS OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD
•Carries the materials throughout
the body
1- Red Blood Cells

2- White Blood Cells
3- Platelets
4- Plasma
PARTS OF THE BLOOD
►Red Blood Cells – Made in
bone marrow; carries oxygen,
food, and rids body of CO2
and Waste
►White Blood Cells – Help fight

disease and infection by
destroying bacteria and
germs
► that enter the body. Made in
the lymph nodes
PARTS OF THE BLOOD

►Platelets – Help
blood to clot, to
prevent excess
bleeding.
►Plasma – Water
portion of the blood;
55% of blood is
plasma
FOUR TYPES OF BLOOD
►Type A: 42% Accepts A and O
►Type B: 10% Accepts B and O
►Type AB: 3% Accepts AB and O
►Type O: 45% Universal Donor
BLOOD VESSEL
• Carries the blood throughout the body
CAPILLARIES
ARTERY VEIN
TYPES OF
CIRCULATION
TYPES OF
CIRCULATION
TYPES OF
CIRCULATION
HEART
• pumps the blood throughout
the body
HEART
• Heart is a four chambered, hollow
muscular organ approximately the
size of your fist
• Location:
• Superior surface of diaphragm
• Left of the midline
• Anterior to the vertebral column,
posterior to the sternum
14
Delivering
Removing
PARTS OF THE
HEART
►The Heart - is divided into FOUR Chambers
TWO TYPES
►Arteries start with A
OF ARTERIES
takes blood away !!
►Aorta – Largest blood

vessel in the heart
►Pulmonary Artery –
Carries blood
containing carbon
dioxide from your heart
to your lungs
THREE TYPES
OF VEINS
►Veins start with V
brings blood back to
me
• 1. Inferior Vena Cava –
Where the blood enters
the heart from the body.
• 2. Superior Vena Cava –
Where the blood enters
the heart from the body.
• 3. Pulmonary Vein –
Carries blood-containing
oxygen from your lungs
to your heart.
THE FOUR VALVES OF THE HEART

►PULMONARY Valve-
Let the right ventricle
fill before releasing
the blood into the
pulmonary artery.
►AORTIC Valve – Lets
the blood fill in the
left ventricle before
sending it to the
aorta
►Septum – Divides the
heart in half
PUMPING
OF THE
HEART
AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE CAPILLARIES OF THE

LUNGS, THE BLOOD WHICH IS NOW OXYGENATED
RETURNS TO THE HEART IN THE PULMONARY VEINS.
From lungs
THE LEFT ATRIUM RECEIVES BLOOD FROM
THE PULMONARY VEIN.
CONTRACTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUSHES BLOOD
THROUGH THE AORTIC VALVE INTO THE AORTA. BLOOD
TRAVELS TO ALL REGIONS OF THE BODY WHERE IT FEEDS CELLS
WITH OXYGEN PICKED UP FROM THE LUNGS AND NUTRIENTS
FROM THE DIGESTIVE TRACT.
To rest of body
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNS FROM THE

REST OF THE BODY THROUGH THE SUPERIOR
AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
THE RIGHT ATRIUM
RECEIVES THE
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD.
THE RIGHT ATRIUM

RECEIVES THE
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD.
CONTRACTION OF THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE PUSHES BLOOD THROUGH
THE PULMONARY VALVE INTO THE
TO THE LUNGS PULMONARY ARTERIES IN WHICH IT
TRAVELS TO THE LUNGS.
To lungs
TO THE LUNGS
• how do our heart works?
• PUMP IT!

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“Respiratory & Circulatory Systems”

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

• The circulatory system

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

• The respiratory system is where gas

• The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

BLOOD FLOW & GAS EXCHANGE WITHIN THE HEART,

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

HOW DO THE HEART AND LUNGS WORK TOGETHER?

WHAT TAKES PLACE WHEN YOU INHALE AND

WHAT DOES BLOOD DELIVER TO EVERY PART OF THE

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

HOW WILL YOU DESCRIBE THE SEQUENCE OF

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

• The respiratory system exchanges

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

AORTA – carry blood away from the heart

VEINS – carry blood back to the heart

30.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Functions

arteriole venule BACK

1- Red Blood Cells

►White Blood Cells – Help fight

PARTS OF THE BLOOD

►Aorta – Largest blood

THE FOUR VALVES OF THE HEART

AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE CAPILLARIES OF THE

DEOXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNS FROM THE

THE RIGHT ATRIUM

• how do our heart works?

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