Review/Study Guide For Nathan
Review/Study Guide For Nathan
Review/Study Guide For Nathan
I. Canadian Prehistory
A. Earliest settlers cross the Bering Strait 10,000-40,000 years ago
B. Paleo-Indians
C. Clovis culture
D. Dorset and Thule cultures
II. Pre-Columbian Canada
A. Algonquin peoples
B. Iroquoian peoples
C. Agricultural and hunter gatherer societies
III. European Exploration and First Contact
A. Jacques Cartier
B. Samuel de Champlain
C. English and French explorers compete
D. Pandemic disease affects natives from contact with Europeans
IV. Early Colonization
A. Founding of Quebec
B. French make alliances with natives, enemies with others
C. New France
D. Fur trade and coureurs de bois
E. Native-French alliance and cultural interaction
F. Mixed race marriages and children (Metis people)
G. Filles de roi (King’s daughters)
H. Montreal and Trois Rivieres
V. Fur Trade and Conflict Between France and Britain
A. New France brought under royal control
B. Decline of the coureurs de bois, rise of the voyageurs
C. French, British, Dutch compete to control fur trade
D. British and Dutch support Iroquois peoples
E. French support Algonquin and Huron peoples
F. Expansion of New France
G. French and British construct forts to control strategic areas
H. Wars for New England and Acadia
I. Competition over Ohio River Valley
VI. Franco-British Wars in North America
A. King William’s War 1688-1697
B. Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713
C. King George’s War 1744-1748
D. Seven Years War (called the French and Indian War in the United States)
E. Britain gradually conquers New France, taking Acadia with the Treaty of Utrecht
in 1713 and the rest of Quebec and French North America after the Seven Years
War
F. Battle of the Plains of Abraham, key moment in Quebec/Canadian and
French/English identity
VII. British Canada
A. Upper and Lower Canada (Ontario and Quebec)
B. Gradual westward expansion
C. Hudson Bay Company
D. American Revolutionary War and loyalist immigration from American colonies
E. Quebec Act of 1774
F. Uneasy peace between French and English speaking people, Britain allows
French speakers to keep their culture, religion, language, laws
G. War of 1812, development of Canadian identity (as opposed to Britain and
America)
VIII. 19th Century Canada
A. Westward expansion into prairies and British Columbia
B. Arctic exploration looking for the northwest passages
C. Contact between Europeans and Inuit peoples of the arctic
D. Rebellions of 1837
1. Upper Canada Rebellion (Republic of Canada)
2. Lower Canada Rebellion (Patriotes)
IX. Confederation
A. Confederation in 1867
B. Economic growth
C. Trans-Pacific Railway
D. Immigration to western frontier
E. Gold rushes and new industries
F. Northwest rebellion in 1885
X. 20th Century
A. World War I and the consolidation of Canadian identity (Battle of Vimy Ridge)
B. Immigration from Europe and elsewhere
C. Growth of Montreal and Toronto as major cities
D. World War II
E. Post-war economic prosperity
F. Quiet Revolution in Quebec (1960s)
G. Growth of Quebec nationalism, separatism, French language politics
H. Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois
I. Pierre Trudeau and the October Crisis
J. Quebec Independence Referendums of 1980 and 1994 both fail (just barely)
K. New immigration (from Asia, Middle East, Africa, India) and multiculturalism
L. NAFTA and free trade, closer links with United States