Ugljonosni Baseni Sveta
Ugljonosni Baseni Sveta
Ugljonosni Baseni Sveta
stratigrafskoj pripadnosti
Tercijar Tercijar
Kreda Kreda
Jura Jura
Perm Perm
Karbon Karbon
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 %
Generalno, oko 15% kopna svih kontinenata zauimaju ugljonosne
formacije.
Coal
DOKAZANE REZERVE
Proved reserves at end 2008
Anthracit e Sub-
and bituminous Share
M illion tonnes bituminous and lignite T o t al of t otal
US 108950 129358 23 83 08 28.9%
Canada 3471 3107 65 78 0.8%
M exico 860 351 1211 0.1%
Total North America 113281 132816 24 60 97 29.8%
B razil – 7059 70 59 0.9%
Colo mbia 6434 380 6 814 0.8%
Venezuela 479 – 4 79 0.1%
Other S. & Cent. A merica 51 603 6 54 0.1%
Total S. & Cent. A merica 6964 8042 150 06 1.8%
B ulgaria 5 1991 19 96 0.2%
Czech Republic 1673 2828 4 50 1 0.5%
Germany 152 6556 67 08 0.8%
Greece – 3900 39 00 0.5%
Hungary 199 3103 33 02 0.4%
Kazakhstan 28170 3130 3 13 00 3.8%
P oland 6012 1490 75 02 0.9%
Romania 12 410 4 22 0.1%
Russian Federation 49088 107922 15 7 010 19.0%
Spain 200 330 5 30 0.1%
Turkey – 1814 1814 0.2%
Ukraine 15351 18522 3 38 73 4.1%
United Kingdom 155 – 155 ♦
Other Europe & Eurasia 1025 18208 192 33 2.3%
Total Europe & Eurasia 102042 170204 27 22 46 33.0%
South Africa 30408 – 3 04 08 3.7%
Zimbabwe 502 – 5 02 0.1%
Other A frica 929 174 1103 0.1%
M iddle East
Total M iddle East & Africa
1386
33225
–
174
13 86
3 33 99
0.2%
4.0%
NAJBOGATIJE DRŽAVE
A ustralia
China
36800
62200
39400
52300
7 62 00
1145 00
9.2%
13.9% • SAD – 28,9 %
India 54000 4600 5 86 00 7.1%
Indo nesia
Japan
1721
355
2607
–
43 28
3 55
0.5%
♦
• Rusija – 19,0 %
New Zealand 33 538 0.1%
North Ko rea
P akistan
300
1
300
2069
57 1
6 00
20 70
0.1%
0.3%
• Kina – 13,9 %
South Ko rea
Thailand
133
– 1354
– 133
13 54
♦
0.2%
• Australija – 9,2 %
Vietnam 150 – 150 ♦
Other A sia P acific 115 276 39 1 ♦ • Preostalih 30,4 %: Australija,
Total A sia P acific
T o t al Wo rld
155809
4 113 2 1
103444
4 14 68 0
25 92 53
82 6 00 1
31.4%
10 0.0% Indija, JAR, Ukraina i Poljska.
o f which: Euro pean Unio n 8427 21143 2 95 70 3.6%
OECD 159012 193083 35 20 95 42.6%
Fo rmer So viet Union 93609 132386 22 59 95 27.4%
Other EM Es 158700 89211 2 47 911 30.0%
* M ore than 500 years. Source of reserves data: World Energy Council, 2009.
♦ Less than 0.05%.
N o t es: Proved reserves of coal – Generally taken to be those quantities t hat geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in t he future from known
deposit s under existing economic and operating conditions.
Reserves-t o-production (R/P) ratio – If t he reserves remaining at the end of t he year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of t ime that those remaining reserves would
PROIZVODNJA
Production*
Change
2008 over
M illion tonnes oil equivalent 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2007
US 603.2 584.3 570.1 590.3 570.1 553.6 572.4 580.2 595.1 587.7 5 9 6 .9 1.3%
Canada 40.8 39.2 37.1 37.6 34.9 32.2 34.7 35.6 34.5 36.9 3 6 .0 -2.6%
M exico 4.8 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.5 6.0 5 .5 -8.6%
To tal No rth A merica 648.8 628.3 612.6 633.2 610.2 590.4 611.8 620.9 635.2 630.6 6 3 8 .4 1.0%
B razil 2.0 2.1 2.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.3 2 .4 7.6%
Co lo mbia 21.9 21.3 24.9 28.5 25.7 32.5 34.9 38.4 42.6 45.4 4 7 .8 4.9%
• Godišnja Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. A merica
4.7
0.8
4.8
0.5
5.8
0.4
5.6
0.5
5.9
0.4
5.1
0.5
5.9
0.2
5.3
0.3
5.4
0.6
5.9
0.5
4 .7
0 .6
-20.2%
36.3%
To tal S. & Cent. A merica 29.5 28.7 33.9 36.8 33.9 39.9 43.0 46.3 50.9 54.0 5 5 .5 2.5%
proizvodnja B ulgaria
Czech Republic
5.0
26.0
4.2
23.1
4.4
25.0
4.4
25.4
4.4
24.3
4.6
24.2
4.5
23.5
4.1
23.5
4.2
23.7
4.7
23.4
4 .8
2 2 .8
1.3%
-3.0%
u svetu France
Germany
Greece
3.6
61.3
8.1
3.3
59.4
8.0
2.3
56.5
8.2
1.5
54.1
8.5
55.0
1.1
9.1
1.3
54.1
9.5
0.4
54.7
9.6
0.2
53.2
9.4
0.2
50.3
8.6
0.2
51.5
9.0
0 .1
4 7 .7
-50.1%
-7.7%
0.3%
9 .1
3 x 109 Ro mania
Russian Federatio n
Spain
5.7
103.9
9.3
5.1
112.1
8.6
6.4
116.0
8.0
7.1
122.6
7.6
6.6
117.3
7.2
7.0
127.1
6.8
6.7
131.7
6.7
6.6
139.2
6.4
6.5
145.1
6.2
6.7
148.2
6.0
6 .5
15 2 .8
5 .5
-3.2%
2.8%
-9.1%
tce Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdo m
13.9
39.9
25.0
13.3
42.3
22.5
13.9
42.0
19.0
14.2
43.5
19.4
11.5
42.8
18.2
10.5
41.7
17.2
10.5
42.2
15.3
12.8
40.9
12.5
13.4
41.8
11.3
15.8
39.9
10.3
17 .8
4 0 .2
10 .9
12.6%
0.4%
5.0%
Other Euro pe & Eurasia 16.7 13.4 14.0 14.4 15.3 15.8 15.6 14.7 15.7 16.7 17 .1 2.0%
To tal Euro pe & Eurasia 437.0 425.3 428.6 438.2 424.6 437.2 438.7 438.4 445.3 447.0 4 5 6 .4 1.8%
To tal M iddle East 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0 .5 -0.3%
So uth A frica 127.1 125.6 126.6 126.1 124.1 134.1 137.2 137.7 138.0 139.6 14 1.1 0.8%
Zimbabwe 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.5 1.8 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.1 -17.2%
Other A frica 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 -0.3%
To tal A frica 132.0 130.1 130.7 130.2 128.0 137.5 140.9 140.7 140.5 142.1 14 3 .4 0.6%
A ustralia 149.8 160.8 166.3 179.9 184.5 190.1 198.8 206.5 211.0 218.5 2 19 .9 0.3%
C hina 6 2 8 .7 6 4 5 .9 6 5 6 .7 6 9 7 .6 7 3 3 .7 8 6 8 .4 10 12 .1 112 0 .0 12 0 5 .1 12 8 2 .4 14 14 .5 10.0%
India 12 6 .5 12 4 .4 13 2 .2 13 3 .6 13 8 .5 14 4 .4 15 5 .7 16 2 .1 17 0 .2 18 1.0 19 4 .3 7.0%
Indo nesia 38.3 45.3 47.4 56.5 63.6 70.3 81.4 93.9 119.2 133.7 14 1.1 5.3%
Japan 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 .7 -14.0%
New Zealand 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.0 3 .1 5.5%
P akistan 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.9 14.8%
So uth Ko rea 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 -4.0%
Thailand 6.1 5.7 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.1 5 .1 -1.3%
Vietnam 6.4 4.9 6.5 7.5 9.2 10.8 14.7 18.3 21.8 23.1 2 3 .6 2.1%
Other A sia P acific 15.7 18.0 19.3 19.7 19.3 20.0 21.7 23.8 24.1 24.9 2 5 .3 1.6%
To tal A sia P acific 978.9 1012.8 1040.8 1107.8 1161.0 1316.2 1496.9 1637.1 1764.0 1875.4 2 0 3 0 .7 8.0%
T o t a l Wo rld 2 2 2 6 .8 2 2 2 5 .9 2 2 4 7 .1 2 3 4 6 .7 2 3 5 8 .1 2 5 2 1.8 2 7 3 2 .0 2 8 8 4 .2 3 0 3 6 .3 3 14 9 .5 3 3 2 4 .9 5 .3 %
o f which: Euro pean Unio n 229.2 216.7 206.6 205.1 202.5 201.2 196.3 188.4 181.8 178.0 17 1.5 -3.9%
OECD 1036.0 1015.2 993.7 1026.9 1003.1 986.9 1012.4 1022.8 1036.6 1038.1 10 4 2 .5 0.1%
Fo rmer So viet Unio n 180.8 185.5 197.4 207.8 198.9 212.8 219.4 225.5 237.2 239.2 2 5 2 .9 5.4%
Other EM Es 1010.0 1025.3 1056.0 1112.1 1156.1 1322.0 1500.2 1635.8 1762.5 1872.1 2 0 2 9 .6 8.1%
* Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal.
♦ Less than 0.05%.
N o t es: Gr o wt h r at es ar e ad just ed f o r leap year s.
A. Istočna ili Apalačka provincija je najstarija i
najekstenzivnije razvijana ugljonosna provincija u
SAD, a ugalj je karbonske starosti. Ova provincija
sadrži 2/5 nacionalnih rezervi kamenih ugljeva kao i
praktično sav antracit. Rang uglja raste od zapada
ka istoku provincije, pa tako mrki i kameni ugljevi
prelaze u antracite. Slojevi uglja su obično 0,5 - 3,5
m. Nekada je otkopavano podzemnom
eksploatacijom, a danas se eksploatišu površinskim
kopovima.
B. Interior provincija obuhvata veći broj izolovanih
basena sa karbonskim kamenim ugljem nižeg
ranga, sa dosta sumpora (3-5 %). Arkoma basen
ima ugljeve višeg ranga, uključujući poluantracite sa
malo sumpora. U istočnom delu provincije, ugljeni
slojevi su debljine 0.5 do 2,5 m, a dva sloja
(Sprinfild i Herin ugljevi) su regionalno
rasprostranjeni na više hiljada km2. Ovi slojevi daju
90 % proizvodnje u ovom regionu. Zapadni deo
karakterišu tanji slojevi (do 1,5 m), takoñe vrlo
Coal
Proved reserves at end 2008
rasprostranjeni, a eksploatišu se isključivo
površinski.
Ant hracite Sub-
and bit uminous
M illion tonnes bituminous and lignite T o t al R/ P ratio
US 108950 129358 2 3 83 0 8 224
Canada 3471 3107 65 7 8 97
M exico 860 351 1211 106
To tal North A merica 113281 132816 2 4 60 9 7 216
T o t al Wo rld 41132 1 4 14 68 0 8 26 0 01 122
C. Severna provincija Velikih Ravnica ima ležišta
uglja kredne do tercijarne starosti. Područje
obuhvata delove Vajominga, Montane, Severne
i Južne Dakote. Prvenstveno su zastupljeni
mrki ugljevi velike debljine, obično preko 30 m,
sa malo sumpora, a otkopavaju se površinski.
Rang uglja raste od istoka ka zapadu. U
Willingstone basenu su meki mrki ugljevi, u
Powder River i drugim tercijarnim basenima su
mrki ugljevi višeg ranga. Kredni ugljevi severne
Montane su već kameni.
D. Provincija Stenovitih planina (Rocky
Mountains) obuhvata ugljeve akumulirane u
seriji intermontanskih basena. Kredni su
kameni i mrki višeg ranga, a tercijarni su mrki
višeg i nižeg ranga. Slojevi su debeli 3-10 m,
neki su strukturno poremećeni, a neki i
izmenjeni pod dejstvom magmatskih intruzija.
Coal
Imaju malo sumpora, a površinski se
Proved reserves at end 2008
Ant hracite Sub-
eksploatišu.
and bit uminous
M illion tonnes bituminous and lignite T o t al R/ P ratio
US 108950 129358 2 3 83 0 8 224
Canada 3471 3107 65 7 8 97
M exico 860 351 1211 106
To tal North A merica 113281 132816 2 4 60 9 7 216
T o t al Wo rld 41132 1 4 14 68 0 8 26 0 01 122
E. Provincija Pacifičke obale obuhvata
ležišta uglja zapadno od Stenovitih
planina, kao i ona na Aljasci. Ugalj je
tercijarne starosti, a nalazi se u malim
raštrkanim basenima, od Kalifornije na
jugu do Sietla na severu. Slojevi uglja su
tektonizirani i metamorfisani. Na Aljasci
su otkrivena brojna ležišta mrko-kamenih
ugljeva. Ovo područje još nije u
potpunosti istraženo, ali su procene da
sadrži oko 10 % svetskih bilansnih rezervi
uglja.