Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)

Fault Gases

Bob van Evelingen

n How Frequently ?
www.programmabob.nl
www.programmabob.eu

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Increase in H2 concentration, up to 30ppm/hour

DGA DGA

time

n A DGA event represents a

snapshot
n Reflecting only the present
condition of the power
transformer
n DGA event can’t provide any
guarantee of status quo until
the next DGA event

Change in H2 generation rate

DGA : Fault Gases
1. Gases
2. Present in very small quantities (ppm)
3. No bubbles, i.e. dissolved in oil 7 FAULT GASES
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Hydrogen (H2)
Carbon monoxide (CO) Methane (CH4)
Ethylene (C2H4)
Ethane (C2H6)
Indicates a leak in a sealed Acetylene (C2H2)
tank

Indicates developing faults

Indicates insulation
overheating

1
 How are fault gases produced?
ΔEnergy → T(ºC)
Thermal & electrical Chain breaks
stresses +
Molecular rearrangements
Exposure to
oxygen

Generic Oil Molecule

H2
CH3 CH2 CH3
n CH4

C2H6
Cellulosic insulation starts
Gases C2H4
ageing and degrading
C2H
2
CO2
CO

N2= Stikstof

Failure Avoidance Failure Avoidance

Gases Generated During Breakdown of Dielectric Oil Gases Generated During Breakdown of Cellulosic Insulation
( Gibeault / Hall / Noirhomme ) ( Gibeault / Hall / Noirhomme )

HYDROGEN H2
GAS CONSTITUENTS
GAS CONSTITUENTS

CARBON MONOXIDE CO

METHANE CH4

ETHANE C2 H6

ETHYLENE C2 H4 CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

ACETYLENE C2 H2

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 100 200 250 300 400 500
Fault Temperature ( C ) Fault Temperature ( C )

Ostwald solubility coefficients: in real life

How soluble is CO2 in your favorite

soda?

Gas

Oil

2
Gas Chromatography Precision & Accuracy
Understanding the impact on measurements

ll
ll l
l l
ll
l

Precise but… not accurate Precise AND accurate

Precise and accurate data is crucial to

your decision making process…

Your DGA results: Accurate or not? Your DGA results: Accurate or not?

The Duval Triangle method, like any other DGA diagnostic method, should be
applied only when there is some suspicion of a fault, based on an increase in Diagnostic reliability is affected by the
1
combustible gas or some other suspicious symptom. The diagnostic method
itself is not a means of fault detection.

Because of the relative inaccuracy of gas-in-oil concentration measurements

accuracy of the DGA measurement results
at low concentrations, DGA diagnostic methods, including the Duval Triangle,
should not be applied unless the gas concentrations are well above the
detection limit.

If reasonably stable concentrations of the gases were present before the onset CIGRE result for Round Robin Test
of the suspected fault, it is advisable to subtract out the background
concentrations, provided that the differences are large enough for (RRT) at low concentration levels.
interpretation. The diagnosis should be based on recently-formed gas if
possible, and including pre-fault gas in the diagnostic calculations can lead to Results of individual laboratories (.)
misleading results2.
and prepares DGA standard value (x)

IEEE August 2005, M. Duval, J. Dukarm, Improving the reliability of transformer in gas-in-oil diagnosis

New Myrkos Field Package Lithium Ion battery- military spec -give
7 hours of complete autonomy.
300 recharges.
INSERT
GRAPH,
PICTURE
AND
TEXT

3
Helium side cart give 40 hours of operation Easier to setup Myrkos in operation
before refilling.
INSERT
GRAPH,
PICTURE
INSERT AND
GRAPH, TEXT
PICTURE
AND
TEXT

MYRKOS Field Kit Data management flexible with portable computer

Optional accessories

INSERT
GRAPH,
PICTURE
AND
TEXT
Shake Test Syringe
Carrying Case

MYRKOS Fault Gas Analyzer

MYRKOS Analysis of Shake Test gas sample
Fault Gas Analyzer
Calibration

The syringe is then shaken to increase the surface of contact between VG and VL
Accelerate the gases diffusion in the Head space.

VG

The Shake Test syringe is The syringe piston is then

positioned on the Shake Test pressurized for purging and
holder and the syringe is automatic sample injection
connected to the inlet port.

4
 MYRKOS Fault Gas Analyzer
MYRKOS Fault Gas Analyzer
Analysis of Shake Test
gas sample Test Data
Management
Customized to your fleet
of transformers
Store historical DGA
results + diagnostics
Prepare reports

Purging occurs and the

Shake Test gas sample is
analyzed

Results are obtained within 2

minutes. The analysis can
then be repeated for
precision.

Diagnose Duval triangle/Roger Ratios

Diagnosis

MYRKOS Fault Gas Analyzer Morgan Schaffer : Complete solution provider

Report printing
Diagnostic value

Customer logo can be inserted Oil

Calisto 9 standards

Transformer info
Portable / lab
IEC 60567
compliant
DGA Results
Calisto 5

Information
systems OIL LIMS
Calisto 2
Only manufacturer with
Chromatograph curves Calisto Laboratory
+
# of Gases analyzed ISO 17025

Deploying online monitors

Multigas can be used effectively to closely monitor transformer Questions?
Detect
New
Monitor After condition assessment and
Diagnose decision taken on “faulty” transformer

Sub-station

Bob van Evelingen

1

On-site
Critical 1 2
Condition
assessment www.programmabob.nl
3
www.programmabob.eu
Critical 2
When needed : on-line multigas
monitor for problematic/concerning fault
gases evolution (temp/perm)