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    Evolution of Form

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    Suriya Ar
    The document discusses the evolution of form in Pondicherry, India from pre-colonial times through independence. It outlines three main periods: 1) Pre-colonial, from the 4th century CE under Pallava rule through the Vijayanagar empire in the 14th-16th century; 2) The colonial period starting with the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, and French in the 16th century, with the French gaining control in 1673 and developing the grid plan layout; 3) After independence in the 18th-19th century, with the British gaining control intermittently until returning to French rule in 1815.

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    Evolution of Form

    Uploaded by

    Suriya Ar
    43 views12 pages
    The document discusses the evolution of form in Pondicherry, India from pre-colonial times through independence. It outlines three main periods: 1) Pre-colonial, from the 4th century CE under Pallava rule through the Vijayanagar empire in the 14th-16th century; 2) The colonial period starting with the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, and French in the 16th century, with the French gaining control in 1673 and developing the grid plan layout; 3) After independence in the 18th-19th century, with the British gaining control intermittently until returning to French rule in 1815.

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    Old history and evolution of pondicherry

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    The document discusses the evolution of form in Pondicherry, India from pre-colonial times through independence. It outlines three main periods: 1) Pre-colonial, from the 4th century CE under Pallava rule through the Vijayanagar empire in the 14th-16th century; 2) The colonial period starting with the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, and French in the 16th century, with the French gaining control in 1673 and developing the grid plan layout; 3) After independence in the 18th-19th century, with the British gaining control intermittently until returning to French rule in 1815.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    43 views12 pages

    Evolution of Form

    Uploaded by

    Suriya Ar
    The document discusses the evolution of form in Pondicherry, India from pre-colonial times through independence. It outlines three main periods: 1) Pre-colonial, from the 4th century CE under Pallava rule through the Vijayanagar empire in the 14th-16th century; 2) The colonial period starting with the arrival of the Portuguese, Dutch, and French in the 16th century, with the French gaining control in 1673 and developing the grid plan layout; 3) After independence in the 18th-19th century, with the British gaining control intermittently until returning to French rule in 1815.

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    EVOLUTION OF FORM

    •History of Pondicherry has a major influence on evolution of form, hence the factors such as
    climate, nature of landscape , geographical feature and colonial planning conclude to the grid iron
    planning.

    •To understand the evolution of form -study of flourishing history Pondicherry Is important.

    •The history of Pondicherry can be distinguished into main three parts:

    1.Pre col

    2.Colonial period

    3.After independence

    1.Pre-colonial

    Early history of Pondicherry prior to its settlement by foreigners though the influence of the major
    south Indian kingdom of the Cholas, Pandavas and Vijayanagar is self evident in the architect of that
    period. The region’s long history of interaction. With foreigners began with the roman empire. The
    cornerstone of trade with the romans lay in the port city of Arekmedu from where galleys laden
    with silk, spices, birds, animals, silver and precious stones left for roman shores

    4th CE: Pallava

    10th to 13th CE: Cholas

    13th CE : Pandya

    14th CE to 1618 : Vijayanagar empire


    2.Colonial period:

    The Portuguese were the first to arrive in Pondicherry in the 16th century followed soon after by the
    Danes and the French. The arrival of the French in 1673 started the transformation of Pondicherry
    from a small fishing village to the bastion of French rule in India and the epicentre of Indo- French
    trade. Though the Dutch captured Pondicherry from the French in 1693, the French regained control
    of the region under the Treaty of Ryswick in 1699. In 1706 Pondicherry had population of 40,000
    while the English town of Calcutta had barely 22,000. D

    Planning a settlement by France rulers in 1693


    By the first decade of the 18th century, Pondicherry had grown into a thriving city with a population
    of 40,000. The French East India Company suffered financial losses and was forced to abandon its
    settlements in Surat, Masulipatnam and Bantum. As such, Pondicherry became the nerve centre for
    the French who concentrated on giving it a rich French character.

    The British in India took advantage of the decline of the French power and gained control of
    Pondicherry in the 1760s - they destroyed the fort and most of the French Quarter but were forced
    to cede the territory back to France. But by early 19th century, the British were firmly in control of
    most of the Indian subcontinent and little French enclaves like Pondicherry became inconsequential
    to the bigger picture.

    •In 1673, French people won the battle of erode wanted to show power , hence built the fort with
    planning of a new town.

    •Under Governors such as Francois Martir and Dupleix, it grew into a prominent fortified town and
    an important port of call. In 1746 the British lost fort St. George in Madras to Dupleix, and retaliated
    bye capturing Pondicherry in 1761 and razing the town to the ground, sparing only a few structure.
    However the treaty of pairs returned Pondicherry to the French
    z
    •In 1761 Britishers took over the new town concept and tried a new way of planning of the
    settlements and destruction and fort built by Francois Martin

    •By the time they have started the construction of settlement in 1763 again France emperors took
    over the land

    •This battle in between two lasted in 1815 with establishment of France rulers

    •Hence under assistance of Francois plan of new town was sanctioned in 1820 which also had
    additions i.e. Grand Canal and Pati canal.

    •As fort was never built again the vacant ground was used as parade ground after got converted into
    park.

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