VERBS (2) Modal Verbs

VERBS (2)
Modal Verbs (03)
Modal Verbs: in context 2 min
What are modal verbs?
She can swim. He should go to the doctor.
Modal verbs are a small group of verbs, which are very different from normal
verbs.
Common Modal Verbs and their Particularities 28 min
Which verbs are common modal verbs?

Can, could, may, might, should, must, shall, will, would
How are modal verbs different from other verbs?
- They do not take “s” in the third person: he can, she must, it could
- They use “not” in the negative form: they may not, we should not
- They cannot be used in the past or in the future tenses
- There is no “to” after them: I can do, you must see
Which modal verb do we use and when?
Modal Verb Use Example
Can Capacity I can drive.

Permission/request Can I use your phone please?
Capacity in the past (past of „can‟ ) I could not see him.
Polite permission/request Could I use your phone please?
Could Suggestion We could go to the new restaurant.

Possibility, low probability or one It could rain today.
possibility of many She could be at home.
Polite permission/request May I use your phone please?
May Possibility, more probable than It may rain today.
„could‟ She may be at home.
It might rain today.
Might Same as „may‟
She might be at home.
Should Advice He should go to the doctor.

Rational probability He should be fine.
Must Obligation, necessity You must go to school.

Very high probability She must be at home.
The defendant shall pay a fine of

Obligation in legal documents $200.
Shall Suggestions Shall we begin?
Future tense, rare, British Thou shall not kill.
A voluntary action I will make dinner.
Will A promise I will call you at 4 pm.

A prediction The summer will be very hot.
Conditional If I had time, I would travel more.
Would Past of „will‟ He said he would come.

When I lived in Paris, I would
Repetition in the past
always go to the Champs Elysees.
Some of these common modal verbs have synonyms we often use.

Examples:
must = have to, need to shemust leave = she has to live =
she needs to leave should = ought to heshould speak to his
boss = he ought to speak to his boss
When we speak, we use contractions with some of the modal verbs in the negative
form. Examples:
can't = cannot = can not
couldn‟ t = could not
shouldn‟ t = should not
mustn‟ t = must not
won‟ t = will not
wouldn‟ t = would not
How can we use modal
verbs in the past?
We can:
Use a synonym in the past: to be able to, to Youcan go Youwere able to go
be allowed to, to have to, to need to You may go  You were allowed to go
You must go  You had to go / You needed
to go
Use a modal verb that expresses the past: I could not go
could (past of „can‟ ), would (past of „will‟ ) I thought I would go
Use „modal verb + have + past participle‟ He could have gone

He may have gone
He might have gone
He should have gone
He must have gone
He would have gone
How can we use modal verbs in the future?

We can:
Use a synonym in the future: to be able to, Youcan go  Youwill be able to go

to be allowed to, to have to, to need to You may go  You will be allowed to go
You must go  You will have to go / You will
need to go
Use a modal verb with an indication of We can/could/may/might/should/must go
future tomorrow
Writing Exercise 5 min
Complete the sentences with one of the two choices.
1. You really shouldn’t watch TV this much. (Shall / shouldn't)

2. She must be at work, she always works at this time. (Must / could)
3. Speak up, I can't hear you! (Can’t / couldn't)
4. I can't hear a word he said. (Can’t / couldn't)
5. Andrew must call his wife urgently. (Must / shouldn't)
6. Thank you for calling Zee Company, how may I help you? (Can’t / may)
7. If I go to New York, I would see the Statue of Liberty. (Will / would)
8. If I went to New York, I would see the Statue of Liberty. (Will / would)
9. It could happen, but it is very unlikely. (Shall / could)
10. Emma can't go out tonight, her parents said no. (can’t / may)
Match the two columns to identify the use of each modal verb.
1. Abe should call Lyla soon after their first date. a. obligation
2. Lyla should be happy to get his call. b. possibility
3. Abe calls but she doesn’t pick up, she must be working. c. low probability
4. No problem, he can call her back later. d. rational probability
5. Later he tells her they could go out to dinner again. e. certainty
6. She says she may be available Friday. f. polite request
7. Abe asks if he can call her back Friday morning. g. permission
8. She says she could be in a meeting, the afternoon is h. advice
better.
9. Friday afternoon, Abe asks: May I pick you up at 6 pm? i. capacity
10. He must be on time to make a good impression. j. suggestion
Complete the sentences with a modal verb from this list, without using the
same one twice: can, could, may, might, should, must, shall, will, would
1. Children ___________ go to school.
2. Before you make a decision, you___________ speak to a specialist.
3. I___________ ride a horse, I love horse riding.
4. Let‟ s go,___________ we?
5. Jake___________ speak some English before the training.
6. ___________ I please speak to Mrs. Sanders?
7. I promise I___________ buy you a new phone.
8. He___________ join us later, he is not sure.
9. If I were you, I ___________ take this opportunity.
Match each sentence to a sentence with the same meaning.
1. Jack must write a report tomorrow. a. She needs to help him, or the report
will not be finished on time.
2. Jack couldn‟ t write it yesterday. b. Jennifer‟ s boss says she is allowed to help
Jack.
3. Jennifer says she can help him c. Jack will have to write a report tomorrow.
tomorrow.
4. She has to help him, or the report will d. Jennifer says she will be able to help
not be finished on time. him tomorrow.
5. Jennifer‟ s boss says she may help e. Jack wasn‟ t able to write it yesterday.
Jack.
Speaking Exercise with the Instructor 5 min
Listen to your teacher’s questions. Then, answer.

Example: What could we do to protect the environment? We could recycle
more.
1. Should children spend a limited time in front of the computer?
2. What else could children do to have fun?
3. If your child spent too much time on the computer, what would you do?
4. Do you think a parent must be strict about this?
5. Do you think it may cause weight problems?
Watch the Video!

10 min
With thesesong extracts, you will practice modal verbs.

Watch the video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KcSEnVnQ98
Watch again, and complete the sentences below with the right modal verb:
1. We ____________ as well be strangers.

2. I ____________ get you out of my head.
3. I know I ____________ be what I want to be.
4. If I work hard at it, I ____________ be where I want to be.
5. Even when the darkest clouds are in the sky, you ____________ sigh and you
____________ cry.
6. The show ____________ go on!
7. My make up ____________ be fading, but my smile still stays on.
8. ____________ I stay or ____________ I go?
Quiz 10 min
True or False?
1. The most polite modal verb to ask for permission is „may‟ . true false
2. We use „to‟ between a modal verb and another verb. true false
3. We can use the future with modal verbs. true false
4. „could‟ is the past of „can‟ . true false
Match each situation on the left to a modal verb on the right.

Situation Modal Verb
1. rational probability a. must
2. very high probability b. would
3. suggestion c. should
4. past of „will‟ d. could
Put these sentences in the past.
1. I can get in, because I am invited.

2. We must finish our work before going out.
3. You should ask a professional to fix your roof.
4. You may understand his explanation.
Put these sentences in the future.
1. I can get in, because I am invited.

2. We must finish our work before going out.
3. He can fly a kite.
4. You would listen carefully.

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VERBS (2)

Modal Verbs (03)

Modal Verbs: in context 2 min

What are modal verbs?

She can swim. He should go to the doctor.

Which verbs are common modal verbs?

How are modal verbs different from other verbs?

Which modal verb do we use and when?

Modal Verb Use Example

Can Capacity I can drive.

Capacity in the past (past of „can‟ ) I could not see him.

Polite permission/request Could I use your phone please?

Could Suggestion We could go to the new restaurant.

Should Advice He should go to the doctor.

Must Obligation, necessity You must go to school.

The defendant shall pay a fine of

A voluntary action I will make dinner.

Will A promise I will call you at 4 pm.

Conditional If I had time, I would travel more.

Would Past of „will‟ He said he would come.

Some of these common modal verbs have synonyms we often use.

Use „modal verb + have + past participle‟ He could have gone

How can we use modal verbs in the future?

Use a synonym in the future: to be able to, Youcan go  Youwill be able to go

Writing Exercise 5 min

Complete the sentences with one of the two choices.

1. You really shouldn’t watch TV this much. (Shall / shouldn't)

Writing Exercise 5 min

Writing Exercise 5 min

Writing Exercise 5 min

Match each sentence to a sentence with the same meaning.

Speaking Exercise with the Instructor 5 min

Listen to your teacher’s questions. Then, answer.

Watch the Video!

With thesesong extracts, you will practice modal verbs.

1. We ____________ as well be strangers.

Match each situation on the left to a modal verb on the right.

Put these sentences in the past.

1. I can get in, because I am invited.

Put these sentences in the future.

1. I can get in, because I am invited.

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