KPK Mathematics
KPK Mathematics
KPK Mathematics
1
88
Chapter 6
2x
Chapter 6 x 2 2x 7x 6
2
2 x 2 4 x
3x 6
HCF = x 2
Algebraic Manipulation 3x 6
Highest Common Factor: Highest common Example 4: Find HCF of x3 6x2 11x 6 ,
factor of two or more polynomials is the highest 3x3 5x2 6x 4 and 3x3 5x2 6 x 2
degree polynomial that can divide these Sol: Given P= x3 6x2 11x 6 ,
polynomials exactly.
Q= 3x3 5x2 6x 4 & R = 3x3 5x2 6 x 2
Least Common Factor: Least common factor of
1
two or more polynomials is the lowest degree
polynomial which is exactly divisible by these
3x 5 x 6 x 4 3x 5 x 6 x 2
3 2 3 2
polynomials. 3x3 5 x 2 6 x 4
Example 1: Find HCF of x2 y 2 & x2 xy 2 10 x 2 12 x 2
Sol: Given x y & x xy
2 2 2
5x2 6 x 1
Take x 2 y 2 x y x y 3x 7
Now x 2 xy x x y 5 x 6 x 1 3x 5 x 6 x 4
2 3 2
HCF = x y 5
Example 2: Find HCF of ax2 5ax 6a , 15 x3 25 x 2 30 x 20
ax3 9ax2 14ax & 15a x 2 4 15 x3 18 x 2 3x
Sol: Given ax2 5ax 6a , ax3 9ax2 14ax 7 x 2 27 x 20
& 15a x 2 4 Take 5
ax 2 5ax 6a a x 2 5 x 6 35 x 2 135 x 100
a x 2 3x 2 x 6 35 x 2 42 x 7
a x x 3 2 x 3 93 93x 93
a x 2 x 3 x 1
ax 9ax 14ax ax x 9 x 14
3 2 2
5x 1
ax x 2 7 x 2 x 14
x 1 5x 6 x 1
2
5 x 2 5 x
ax x x 7 2 x 7
x 1
ax x 2 x 7
x 1
15a x 2 4 15a x 2 22
HCF of Q And R is x 1
15a x 2 x 2
Now to check x 1 is also HCF of P
HCF = a x 2 x2 5x 6
Example: Find HCF of 2 x3 7 x2 4 x 4 x 1 x 3 6 x 2 11x 6
and 2x3 9x2 11x 2 x3 x2
Sol: Given 2 x3 7 x2 4 x 4 and 5 x 2 11x
2x3 9x2 11x 2 using division method 5x2 5x
1
2 x 7 x 4 x 4 2 x 9 x 11x 2
3 2 3 2 6x 6
HCF of P,Q &R is x 1
2 x3 7 x 2 4 x 4 6 x 6
2 x2 7 x 6 Exp 5: Find LCM of x2 4 x 4 & x 2 5x 6
x Sol: Given x2 4 x 4 and x 2 5x 6
2x 7x 6 2x 7 x 4x 4
2 3 2
Take x2 4 x 4 x2 2.x.2 22
2 x3 7 x 2 6 x x 2 x 2 x 2
2
2 2 x 4
and x 2 5x 6 x2 3x 2 x 6
x2
Take P= x2 4x 3 x2 3x 1x 3 x 1
x x 3 1 x 3 Divide any polynomial by HCF
x 1 x 3 x2 x 3
x 1 x3 4x 3
Now Q = x2 3x 2 x2 2x 1x 2
x x 2 1 x 2 x3 x2
x 1 x 2 x2 4 x 3
And R = x2 5x 6 x2 2 x 3x 6 x2 x
x x 3 2 x 3 3x 3
x 3 x 2 3x 3
Common factor of P & Q = x 1 L x3 6 x 2 11x 6 x 2 x 3
Common factor of Q & R = x 2
Common factor of R & P = x 3 Example 8: Find HCF and LCM of
LCM = common x non common 3x3 2x2 3x 2 and 6 x3 7 x2 x 2
x 1 x 2 x 3 Sol: 3x3 2x2 3x 2 & 6 x3 7 x2 x 2
Theorem: if A and B are two given polynomials 2
and their HCF and LCM are represented by H 3x 2 x 3x 2 6 x 7 x x 2
3 2 3 2
H L H H ab 3x3 5 x 2 2 x
H L H a H b multiplication commutes
H L A B From eq (1) and eq (2) 3x 2 5 x 2
Exp7: Find LCM of x 6 x 11x 6 & x 4 x 3
3 2 3 3x 2 5 x 2
Sol: Given x 6 x 11x 6 and x 4 x 3 HCF = 3x2 5x 2
3 2 3
1 A B
x 3 4 x 3 x 3 6 x 2 11x 6 L
x3 4x 3 H
3 6 x 2 15 x 9
L
3x 2 x 2 3 x 2 6 x3 7 x 2 x 2
3
2 x2 5x 3 3x 2 5 x 2
x5 Already HCF is divided by one of polynomial
2 x 2 5 x 3 x3 4x 3
L x 1 6 x3 7 x 2 x 2
2
2 x3 8x 6 Example 9: if HCF and LCM of two
2 x 5 x 3x polynomials are x 3 & x3 9 x2 26 x 24
3 2
HCF 2
4 x 2 20 x 24
Rule2: Least Common Factor:
4 x 2 20 x 24 4 22
Q x 3 x 4 x 7 x 12
2 6 23
LCM 2 2 3 12
Hence second polynomial = x2 7 x 12
LCM = common factors x non-common factors
Example 10: If HCF and LCM of two AB H L
polynomials are x 1 and x3 4 x2 x 6 4 6 2 12
respectively. Find polynomials of 24 24 Satisfied
degree 2.
Exercise 6.1
Sol: HCF = x 1 & LCM = x3 4 x2 x 6
Q1. Find H.C.F of following by factorization method.
Since L H non-common factors so,
2
x2 5x 6 i). x 6 and x2 36
x 1 x3 4 x 2 x 6
2
Solution: given x 6 and x2 36
x3 x2 First of all factorize polynomials,
5x x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6
2 2
5x2 5x Now x2 36
6x 6 x2 62 x 6 x 6
6 x 6 So HCF of the given polynomials x 6
Then L H non-common factors, putting
ii). x4 y 4 and x4 2x2 y2 y 4
x 4 x 2 x 6 x 1 x 2 5 x 6
3
Solution: First we have to factorize
x 1 x 3x 2 x 6
y
2 2 2
x 4 y 4 x2 2
x 1 x x 3 2 x 3 Take x y x y
2 2 2 2
x 1 x 2 x 3 x y x y x y
2 2
P x 1 x 3 Q x 1 x 2
Now
x 3x x 3
2
x 2 x 1x 2
2
x 4 2x2 y2 y 4 x2
2
2 x2 y y 2 2
2
x2 2x 3 x2 x 2
2
x2 y 2
Which are the required polynomial of degree 2
x 2
y2 x 2
y2
Example 11: the sum of numbers is 120
and their HCF is 12 find the numbers. So the HCF of given polynomials x y 2 2
Sol; Given that HCF = 12, So iii). x 3, x 2 9, x 3
2
x y 12
HCF = x 3
Now we find two non-common factors
iv): 2332 x y x 2 y ,
3 2
whose sum is 10, all the possibilities are
(1,9) , (2,8), (3,7), (4,6), (5,5) 2332 x y x 2 y & 32 x y x 2 y
2 3 2
x5 x4 3x3 3x2
2332 x y x 2 y & 32 x y x 2 y
2 3 2
x5 x 4 3x3 3x 2 2 x5 4 x 4 0 x3 0 x 2 6 x 2
When the given polynomial having factors
with powers so HCF will be common factors 2 x5 2 x 4 6 x3 6x2
with least powers so, 6 6 x 4 6 x3 6 x 2 6 x
HCF 32 x y x 2 y
2
x 4 x3 x 2 x
v). 2 x 2 y , 6 x 12 xy 12 xy 6 y
4 4 2 2
and
9 x3 9 y 3 x 4 x3 x 2 x x 5 x 4 3x 3 3x 2 x 2
Sol: Given 2 x 2 y , 6 x 12 xy 12 xy 6 y
4 4 2 2
x5 x4 x3 x 2
and 9 x3 9 y3 2 x 4 2 x3 4 x 2
Take 2 x 4 2 y 4 2 x 4 y 4 2 x4 2 x3 2x2 2x
2 2 x 2 2 x
2 x 2 y 2
2 2
x2 x
2 x y x y
2
2 2 2
x 2 x x 4 x3 x 2 x x 2 2 x
2 x 2 y 2 x y x y x 4 x3
Now
2 x 3 x 2 x
6 x 2 12 xy 12 xy 6 y 2 6 x x 2 y 6 y 2 x y
2 x3 2x2
Now 9 x 9 y 9 x y
3 3 3 3
x2 x
9 x y x2 x
3 3
Therefore HCF = x 2 x x x 1
9 x y x xy y 2 2
iv). 2x3 10x2 5x 25 & x3 5x2 x 5
HCF = x y
Solution: Let P(x) = 2x3 10x2 5x 25
Q2. Find the H.C.F by division method
and Q(x) = x3 5x2 x 5
i). x x 6 and x 2x 3
2 2
x2 3x x 5
x 3 x 5
x 3
Hence HCF = x + 5
Hence HCF = x - 3 Q3. Find LCM by factorization
ii). y 3y 2 and y 5y 7y 3
3 3 2
i). x y, x2 y 2
Sol: Let P(x)= y 3y 2 & Q(x)= y 5y 7y 3
3 3 2
Sol: given x y, x y
2 2
y3 2y2 y ii). x3 y 3 , x y
3y2 6y 3
Sol: given x y , x y
3 3
3y2 6y 3
3 2
First x y x y x xy y
3 2
y2 2y 1 Second x y x y
Hence HCF =
HCF = x y
iii). 2x5 4x4 6x and x5 x4 3x3 3x2 2
LCM = x y x xy y x y
2 3 3
And x x x x 1
5 2 2 3
2x 4 2x3 3x2 3x
2 4x2 6
x 2 x3 13
2x2 3
x x 1 x x 1
2 2
4x 4 6x2
2 3 x y x 2y & 3 x y x 2y
3 2 2 3 2 2
2x3 6x2 3x 9
Sol: Given 2332 x y x 2 y , 2x3 3x
3 2
2332 x y x 2 y & 32 x y x 2 y
2 3 2 6x 2
9
6x 2
9
When the given polynomial having factors with
powers so LCM will be common factors with AB
L
highest powers so, H
HCF 23.32. x y . x 2 y
3 3
L
2x 4 2x3 x2 3x 6 4x 4 2x3 3x 9
2x 3 2
4x2 12x 8 L
a 4 a3 a 1 a 4
a2 1
a2 a 1
AB
L a a 1 a2 2a 1
4 2
L
H iv). 1 x2 x4 x5 and 1 2x x2 x4 x5
L
x3 2x2 13x 10 x3 x2 10x 8 Sol: Given 1 x2 x4 x5 and
x2 3x 2
L x 4 x 2x2 13x 10
3
1 2x x2 x4 x5
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics
Exercise 6.1
93
Chapter 6
first arranging into descending order L
AB
1 x x x x x x 1
2 4 5 5 4 2 H
x 5x3 6x2 2x 28
4
1 2x x2 x4 x5 x5 x4 x2 2x 1 L
x 2
x5 x 4 x2 1 x5 x 4 x2 2x 1 1 L x 7x 8x 14
3 2
2x3 10x2
AB
L x2 2x
H
L
1 2x x2 x 4 x5 1 x2 x 4 x5 x2 5x
3x 15
x4 x 1
3x 15
L 1 2x x x 4 x5 x 1
2
2x3 11x2 2x 15 x 5 2x2 x 3
Q5. H.C.F and L.C.M of two polynomials are
x 2 and x3 3x2 6x 8 respectively. If
L x 5 2x 3x 2x 3
2
L x 5 x 2x 3 1 2x 3
one of polynomial is x 2x 8 , find second
2
polynomial. L x 5 x 1 2x 3
x y x y
y
1
2
Sol: given y y 2 1 y 2 y y 7 2 y 7 y y 7 1 y 7
3x 2 y 3x 2 y
y 1 2
x yx y
3x 2 y
y 1 y 2 y 2 y 7 y 1 y 7
xx y y 7 1 y 1 2 y 2
3x 2 y y 1 y 2 y 7
2x y2 7 y y 1 2 y 4
3x 2 y y 1 y 2 y 7
x y x2 2 y 2 y2 4 y 3
Example 13: Simplify
x y x2 y 2 y 1 y 2 y 7
x y x2 2 y 2 y2 3y y 3
Sol: Given
x y x2 y 2 y 1 y 2 y 7
x y x2 2 y 2
y y 3 1 y 3
x y x y x y
y 1 y 2 y 7
x y x y x2 2 y 2
y 1 y 3
x y x y x y x y
y 1 y 2 y 7
x y x2 2 y 2
2
y3
x y x y y 2 y 7
x 2 y 2 2 xy x 2 2 y 2 x4 x2 9
Example 16: Simplify
x2 y 2 x 3 x2 x 2
y 2 2 y 2 2 xy x4 x2 9
Sol: Given 2
x2 y 2 x 3 x x 2
3 y 2 2 xy x4 x 2 32
2
x2 y 2 x 3 x 2 x 1x 2
x 2 xy y 2 x 2 xy y 2 x4 x 2 32
3 3 2 2
1
Exp 14: Simplify
x y
3 3
x y x y x 3 x x 2 1 x 2
x xy y x xy y
2 2 2 2
1 x 4 x 3 x 3
Sol: Given 2
x y
3 3
x y
3 3
x y2 x 3 x 1 x 2
x 2 xy y 2
x 2 xy y 2
2
1
x 4 x 3
x y x xy y x y x xy y x y 2
2 2 2 2
x 1 x 2
1 1 1
2 2 Example 17: Multiply
x2 2 x
by
x y x y x y 2 x2 5x 3
x y 1 1 x y 1 2 x 2 3x 9
2 and write the answer in simplified
x y x y x y x y x y2 x2 9
x y x y 1 x2 2 x 2 x 2 3x 9
2 2 Sol: Multiply by
x y
2 2
x y 2
x y2 2 x2 5x 3 x2 9
x y x y 1 x2 2x 2 x 2 3x 9
x2 y 2 2 x 5x 3
2
x2 9
x x 2 2 x 2 6 x 3x 9
2x 1
2 x 2 3x 2 x 3 x 2 32
x2 y 2
x x 2 2 x x 3 3 x 3
Example 15: Simplify
y 1 2
x 2 x 3 1 2 x 3 x 2 32
y 2 y 2 y 2 5 y 14 y 2 8 y 7 x x 2 2 x 3 x 3
y 1 2 x 1 2 x 3 x 3 x 3
Sol: Given 2 2
y y 2 y 5 y 14 y 8 y 7
2
x x 2
1 x 3
x
x3 y 3 y x 2 xy y 2 y 10 y 10
2
Sol: Given y 4
2
y 4
y
3
x y y2
x y x 2 xy y 2 x y x2 2 y 2
y y2 iv).
2 x y x2 y 2
y3 x y x xy y 2
1 x y x2 2 y 2
Sol: Given
3 1 x4 x y x2 y 2
Example 19: x y x2 2 y 2
x 2 x 1 x 2
x y x y x y
3 1 x4
Sol: Given x y x y x2 2 y 2
x 2 x 1 x 2
1 x2 x y x y x y x y
3
x y x2 2 y 2
2
x 2 x 1 x 4
x 1 3 1 x2 x2 x y x y
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 4 x 2 y 2 2 xy x 2 2 y 2
3 x 1 x2 x2 x2 y 2
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 x 4
y 2 2 y 2 2 xy
x2 y 2
3 x 1 x 2 x 2
3 y 2 2 xy
x 1 x 2 x 4
x2 y 2
3x 3 x 2 x 2
x x y y
x 1 x 2 x 4 v). 2 2
2x 5
2 x 3xy y
2 2
y 4 x 2 x xy y 2
2
x x y y
x 1 x 4 Sol: Given
2 x 3xy y 2
2
2 2
y 4 x 2 x xy y 2
2
Exercise 6.2 x x y y
2 2
2 x 2 xy xy y 4 x y 2 x 2 xy xy y 2
2 2 2
Q1. Simplify x x y y
i). x 2y 2 x x y y x y 2 x y 2 x x y y x y
2 2
xy xy
x x y y
Sol: Given x 2y x 2y
xy xy
xy
2 x y x y 2 x y 2 x y 2 x y x y
x y x y x 2 x y x y x y y 2 x y
ii).
3x 2 y 3x 2 y 2 x y x y 2 x y
x y x y 2 x 2 xy x 2 y 2 2 xy y 2
Sol: Given
3x 2 y 3x 2 y 2 x y 2 x y x y
x yx y 2 x 2 xy x 2 y 2 2 xy y 2
3x 2 y
4 x2 y 2 x y
2x
3x 2 xy
3x 2 y
iii). 3 2 y 4 x2 y 2 x y
y 2 y 2 y2 4 vi). a a 6ax
3 2 y 3x y 3x y 9x2 y2
Solution: Given
y 2 y 2 y2 4 Sol: Given a
a
6ax
3x y 3x y 9x2 y2
y2 3 2 y2 y
2 a 3x y a 3x y 6ax
y2 y2 y2 y2 y 4 2
3x y 3x y 9x y2
3 y 2 2 y 2 y 3ax ay 3ax ay
2
6ax
y 2 y 2 y 4 3x y
2 2
9 x2 y2
3y 6 2 y 4 y
6ax
2
6ax
0
2 9x y
2 2
9x y2
y 2
2 2
y 4
2 4
xy xy xy xy x y 2
x y4 1 1 1
xy y2 xy y2 2xy 4x3 y 2 2
x2 y 2
x2 y 2
x4 y4
x y x y x y
2xy 2xy 4x y3 x y 1 1 x y 1
2
x2 y 2 x2 y 2 x4 y4 x y x y x y x y x y2
x2 y 2 2xy 2xy x2 y 2 4x3 y
x y2 2
x y2 2
x y2 2
x y2 2
x4 y4
x y x y 1
2 2
2x y 2xy 2x y 2xy
3 3 3 3
4x y 3
x y
2 2
x y 2
x y2
x 2
y2 x 2
y2 x4 y4
x y x y 1
4x3 y 4x3 y
x2 y 2
x x y
2 2 4 4
2
y2
2x 1
x 4
y 4
4x y 3
4x3 y x4 y4
x 4
y 4
x 4
y 4
x 4
y 4
x4 y4 x2 y 2
4x 7 y 4x3 y 5 4x 7 y 4x3 y 5 Q2. Simplify
2 2
x4 y4 i). x 25
2
8x 7 y 5x
Solution: We have x 25
2
x y8 8
5x
1 1
viii). 2
x2 52
a 7a 10 a 10a 16
2
x 5
1 1 x 5 x 5
Sol: Given 2
a 7a 10 a 10a 16
2 1 x 5
1 1 x 5
2 2
a 5a 2a 10 a 8a 2a 16
1 1 x2 5x 4 2 y2
ii). 2
a a 5 2 a 5 a a 8 2 a 8 4 y3 x 3x 2
1 1
x 5x 4
2
2 y2
a 2 a 5 a 2 a 8 Sol: Given
4 y3 x 2 3x 2
a 8 1
1 a 5
a 8 a 2 a 5 a 2 a 8 a 5 x 2 4 x 1x 4 2 y2
2
a8a5 4 y2.y x 2 x 1x 2
a 2 a 5 a 8 x x 4 1 x 4
2a 13
a 2 a 5 a 8 2 y x x 2 1 x 2
ix). 1
1
2
2a 4a3
4
x 1 x 4
a b a b a b 2
a b4
2 y x 1 x 2
Sol: Given 1
1
2
2a 4a3
4
a b a b a b a b4 x4
2
a b 1 1 a b 2a 4a3
a b a b
a b a b
2
a b2
4
a b4 2 y x 2
a b a b 2a 4a3
a b
2 2
2
a b 2
4
a b4 x 2 5 x 4 x3 4 x 2 x 4
2a 2a 4a3
iii).
2
a b2
2
a b2
4
a b4
x 2 3x 4 2x 1
a b
2 2
2a 2a a2 b2 4a3 x 5x 4 x 4 x2 x 4
2 3
2
a b a b
2 2 2
2
a b a b
2 2 2
4
a b4 Sol: Given 2
2a3 2ab2 2a3 2ab2 4a3 x 3x 4 2x 1
4
x 4 x 1x 4 x x 4 1 x 4
2
a2
2
b2
2
a b4 2
2
4
4a3
4
4a3 x 4 x 1x 4 2x 1
x x 4 1 x 4 x 1 x 4
a b 4
a b4 2
a 4 b4 4a3 4a3 a 4 b4
4
a b4 a 4 b4
4
a b4 a 4 b4
4a 7 4a3b 4 4a 7 4a3b 4 x x 4 1 x 4 2x 1
x 1 x 4 2 x 1
2 2
a4 b4
8a 7
8
a b8
x 1 x 4 x 2 1 x 4
x).
x 2 xy y 2 x 2 xy y 2
2
1
x 1 2 x 1
x y x y x y2 x 1 x 2 1 x 4
3 3 3 3
9 x2 x 3 2 x 2 3x
a a b ix). 2
x 4 6 x3 x 7x 6
a b a 2 b2 9 x 2
x 3 2 x 2 3x
7 xy Sol: Given 4
v). x 6 x3 x 2 7 x 6
x 4 x2 2
x2 9 x2 7 x 6
7 xy .
Sol: Given 2 x 4 6 x3 x3 2 x 2 3x
x 4 x2 x 2 9 x 2 6 x 1x 6
7 x2 3 .
2 2 x x 6 x x 2 2 x 3
x 2 xy
7 x2 x 2 32 x x 6 1 x 6
.
x 2 x 2 xy x3 x 6 x x 2 3 x 1x 3
7 x 3 x 3 x 1 x 6
.
xy x 2 x x 6
3
x x x 3 1 x 3
a3 b3 a2 ab b2 x 3 x 3 x 1 x 6
vi). .
a 4 b4 a2 b2 x3 x 6 x x 1 x 3
Given a4 b4 a 2 ab 2 b
3 3 2 2
Sol: x 3
a b a b
a b a x4
2
ab b2 a2 b2
ax ab cx bc x 2 2ax a 2
a b a ab b2
2 2 2
2
2 2
x).
a2 x2 x b a x ab
a b a b 2 2
a b a b
2 2 2 2
Sol: Given
ax ab cx bc
2
x 2 2ax a 2
a b a2 x2 x b a x ab
a 2
b2 a x b c x b x a
2
a b 2
a b a b a x a x x bx ax ab
1 a c x b x a
2
a b
a x x a x x b a x b
2x x2 2x
vii). 2 a c x b x a x a
3x 12 x 6 x 8
2x x2 2x a x x a x a x b
a c x a
Sol: Given
3x 12 x 2 6 x 8
x2 6x 8 a x
2
2x
2
3 x 12 x 2x Example 20: Find the square root by factorization.
2x x2 4x 2x 8 a2
x 2 ax
3 x 4 x x 2 4
2
2x x x 4 2 x 4 Sol: Given x 2 ax a
4
3 x 4 x x 2 2
a a
x 2 x
2
2x
x 2 x 4 2 2
3 x 4 x x 2 a
2
x
2 2
Taking square root on both sides
3
2
viii). a4 8a 2a 1 a2 2a a2 a
2 x 2 ax x
2a 5a 3 a 2a 4
2
a 3 4 2
Sol: Given a4 8a 2a 1 a2 2a a2 a
2 x 2 ax x
2a 5a 3 a 2a 4
2
a 3 4 2
x2
10 x 27
x
9 x4 12 x3 10 x2 3x 3
3x 2
x x
6 x2 2 x 12 x3 10 x2
1 1
x 2 2 10 x 27 2
2
x x
12 x3 4 x 2
1 1 1
x2 2 2.x. 10 x 25
6 x 2 3x 3
x x x 6 x2 4 x 1
2
6 x 2 4 x 1
1 1
x 2 x 5 52 x4
x x
2 To make given expression a perfect square,
1
x 5 remainder should be zero. Hence
x
i). x 4 should be added
Taking square root on both sides, we have
2
ii). x 4 should be subtracted
1 1 1
For value x 4 0
x2 10 x 27 x 5 iii). x4
x2 x x
a 2 a b b a b
2 2 2
x2
1 1 1
10 x 27 x 5 Rule 4:
x2 x x
a 2 a b b a b
2 2 2
2 x3 4 x 2 x y
2
6 x y 9 x y 3
ax 2 4ax a 2 x2 y 2 8xy 16
iii).
a 3 3 9
x2 4x Sol: x y 8xy 16 xy 2 xy 4 4
2 2 22
3 2
ax 4ax a 2
xy 4
2
3 3 9
x4 ax 2 4ax a 2 x2 a Taking square root on both sides
2 x3 4 x 2 2x
4 3 3 9 2 3 x2 y 2 8xy 16 xy 4
Example 24: i). What should be added to
1 1
ii). What should be subtracted from iv). x2
8 x 18
x
2
iii). For what value of x x
the expression 9 x4 12 x3 10 x2 3x 3 to 1 1
Sol: Given x 2 8 x 18
2
make the perfect square x x
3x 2 2x 1 Which is not a perfect square
x x 3 x 1 x 2 1 x x
x x 3 x x 2 1 x 2 1
2
1
x2 2 2
x 2
3xx 2x 1x 2 1
2 x
x 3x x 3x 2 1
2 2 Taking square root on both sides
2 2
Taking square root on both sides 3x 2 3x 4 y 4 y
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x 1 x 2 x 3 1 x2 3x 1
2x 3y
3 3 2
3x 4 y
2 2
2 1 1 9 2 2
vi). x 2 5 x
x x 4 Taking square root on both sides
1
2
1 9 4 x 6 12 x3 y 3 9 y 6 2 x3 3 y 3
Sol: Given x 2 2 5 x
x x 4 9 x 4 24 x 2 y 2 16 y 4 3x 2 4 y 2
1 1 9 Q2. Find square root of following by division method
x4 4 2 5 x i). 4 x4 4 x3 13x2 6 x 9
x x 4
Sol: Given 4 x4 4 x3 13x2 6 x 9 , now
1 1 9
x4 2 5 x 2 2 2x2 x 3
x 4
4
x
2 4 x4 4 x3 13x2 6 x 9
1 1 9 2x 2
x2 2 5 x 4 4x4
x x 4
4x 2 x 4 x3 13x2
1 9 16
2
1
x2 2 5 x 4x3 x 2
x x 4
2
12 x2 6 x 9
1 1 25 4 x2 2 x 3
x2 2 5 x 12 x 2 6 x 9
x x 4
2 2
4 x 4 4 x3 13x 2 6 x 9 2 x 2 x 3
1 1 5 5
x 2 2 2 x ii). x4 x3
31 2
x 4x 16
x x 2 2 4
1 5
2 Sol: given x4 x3
31 2
x 4x 16
x2 2 4
x 2
Taking square root on both sides
8x 4x 16
2
perfect square
2x2 x 4
8x2 4x 16 i). What should be added to
Required square root ii). What should be subtracted to
iii). For what value of x the expression
31 2 x
x4 x3 x 4x 16 x2 4 Solution: 2x2 3x 2
4 2
l 60 x m 36 0
HCF HCF
5 s 2 2s 1s 2 6 s 12 2 s 2 4 s
c). 2x 3y d). 2x 3y
2 5
2 s 2 s 1 s 2
iii). HCF of a3 b3 and a 2 ab b2 is
a). ab b). a 2 ab b2
5s 2 10 s 5s 10 6 s 12 2 s 2 4 s
c). a b d). a b
2
2 s 2 s 1 s 2
iv). LCM of (a b)4 and (a b)3 is
7s2 7s 2
(a b) (a b) 4
a). b).
2 s 2 s 1 s 2
c). (a b)3 d). (a b)7 a b c
10 x 3 x 2
Q2: ii).
v). Reduce to lowest term c a a b a b b c b c c a
15 x 2 a b c
Sol:
2 x 3 10 x 3 c a a b a b b c b c c a
a). b).
3 15 a b c b c a c a b
c). 2x d). 2 x 3 a b b c c a
vi). Simplified form of b
5 a1b is ab ac bc ab ca bc
25 a 2 b 2
a). 5a
25 a 2 b 2
b). 5 a
5 a b
a b b c c a
c). 5 a
5 a b d). 5 a
25 a 2 b 2
0
5 3 a b b c c a
vii). 2
x x 2 x 4x 3
2 0
8 x 21 x2 4 2 xy
a). Q2: iii). Simplify . 2
x 1 x 2 x 3 xy x 4 x 4
2
8x 3 x 4
2
2 xy
b). Sol: Given . 2
x 1 x 2 x 3 xy x 4 x 4
2
8x 6
c).
x 1 x 2 x 3
8x 9
d).
x 1 x 2 x 3
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics
Review Exercise 6
102
Chapter 6
x 2 22 2 xy Divide any polynomial by HCF
. 2
xy 2
x 2.x.2 22 x2 x 3
x 2 x 2 . 2 xy x 1 x3 4x 3
x 2 x3 x2
2
xy. y
2 x 2 x2 4 x 3
y x 2 x2 x
Q2: iv). a4 b4 a 2 ab 2 b
3 3 2 2
3x 3
a b a b 3x 3
have a4 b4 a 2 ab 2 b
3 3 2 2
Solution: We L x3 6 x 2 11x 6 x 2 x 3
a b a b
a b a 2
ab b2 a2 b2 Q4i): Find square root of 4 x2 12 x 9
a b a ab b2
2 2 2
2 2
Sol: Given 4 x2 12 x 9
a b a b 2 2
2 x 2 2 x 3 3
2 2
a b a b
2 2 2 2
2 x 3
2
a b
Taking Square root on both sides
a 2
b2
a b 4 x2 12 x 9 2 x 3
a b
a b
Q4ii): Find square root of
1
a b
x 4 4 x3 6 x 2 4 x 1
Sol: Given x4 4 x3 6 x2 4 x 1 using
Q3: Find LCM of x3 6 x2 11x 6 & x3 4 x 3
Sol: Given x3 6x2 11x 6 and x3 4 x 3 division method
1 x 2 2x 1
x 3 4 x 3 x 3 6 x 2 11x 6
x 4 4 x3 6 x 2 4 x 1
x3 4x 3 x 2
x4
3 6 x 15 x 9 2
4 x3 6 x 2
2 x2 5x 3
x 4 x3 4 x 2
2 x 5x 3 x
2 3
4x 3 2 x2 4 x 1
2 x2 4 x 1
2 2 x2 4 x 1
x 4 4 x3 6 x 2 4 x 1 x 2 2 x 1
2 x3 8x 6
2 x3 5 x 2 3x Q5: x3 y3
x2 xy xz yz
x3 y3
x z3 3
x x y y
4 2 2 4
x2 y2
5 x 11x 6
2
Sol: x
3
y3
x2 xy xz yz
x3 y3
x z 3 3
x x y y
4 2 2 4
x2 y2
2
x y x xy y x x y z x y x y x xy y
2 2 2 2
10 x 22 x 12
2
x z x xz z x y x y
2 2
x y x y
4 4 2 2
10 x 2 25 x 15 x y x xy y
2
x y x z x y x xy y
2 2 2
x z x xz 2
z x y x y
2
x y x y
2
2
2
2
2 2
3 3x 3
x y x xy y x xy y
2 2 2 2
x 1
x xz z x y 2x y 2x y x y
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2x 6
x 1 2 x2 5x 3 x y x xy y x xy y
2 2 2 2
x x
2
2
xz z2 2
y2 x2 y 2
2 x2 2x
3x 3 x y x 2
xy y 2
x 2
xy y2
x xy x
2 2
3x 3 2
xz z2 2
y2
HCF = x 1 x y x xy y x xy y
2 2 2 2
L
A B x xz z x y xy x y xy
2 2 2 2 2 2
H
x y
L
x 6 x 11x 6 x3 4 x 3
3 2
x 2
xz z2
x 1
Khalid Mehmood M-Phil Applied Mathematics