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    Alkali Sulfur Ratio PDF

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    cindynella
    The document discusses the difference between the Alkali Sulfate Ratio (ASR) and the Alkali Sulfate Molar Ratio (MSO3). The ASR is applied to total kiln material inputs, while the MSO3 is applied specifically to the hot meal. The document provides the formulas for calculating each ratio and describes their typical ranges and purposes in optimizing the alkali sulfatization level and predicting buildups in the kiln. It also discusses a related ratio called the Alkali/Sulfur Ratio and asks how to interpret lower than optimal values for a specific kiln based on provided raw material and clinker chemistry data.

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    Alkali Sulfur Ratio PDF

    Uploaded by

    cindynella
    167 views2 pages
    The document discusses the difference between the Alkali Sulfate Ratio (ASR) and the Alkali Sulfate Molar Ratio (MSO3). The ASR is applied to total kiln material inputs, while the MSO3 is applied specifically to the hot meal. The document provides the formulas for calculating each ratio and describes their typical ranges and purposes in optimizing the alkali sulfatization level and predicting buildups in the kiln. It also discusses a related ratio called the Alkali/Sulfur Ratio and asks how to interpret lower than optimal values for a specific kiln based on provided raw material and clinker chemistry data.

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    63716668-Alkali-Sulfur-Ratio.pdf

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    The document discusses the difference between the Alkali Sulfate Ratio (ASR) and the Alkali Sulfate Molar Ratio (MSO3). The ASR is applied to total kiln material inputs, while the MSO3 is applied specifically to the hot meal. The document provides the formulas for calculating each ratio and describes their typical ranges and purposes in optimizing the alkali sulfatization level and predicting buildups in the kiln. It also discusses a related ratio called the Alkali/Sulfur Ratio and asks how to interpret lower than optimal values for a specific kiln based on provided raw material and clinker chemistry data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    167 views2 pages

    Alkali Sulfur Ratio PDF

    Uploaded by

    cindynella
    The document discusses the difference between the Alkali Sulfate Ratio (ASR) and the Alkali Sulfate Molar Ratio (MSO3). The ASR is applied to total kiln material inputs, while the MSO3 is applied specifically to the hot meal. The document provides the formulas for calculating each ratio and describes their typical ranges and purposes in optimizing the alkali sulfatization level and predicting buildups in the kiln. It also discusses a related ratio called the Alkali/Sulfur Ratio and asks how to interpret lower than optimal values for a specific kiln based on provided raw material and clinker chemistry data.

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    Can anyone explain the difference between the Alkali Sulfate Ratio (ASR) & Alkali

    Sulfate Molar Ratio (MSO3)?

    There is often confusion regarding these two ratios. Although they are related, the
    Alkali/Sulphate ratio (A.S.R.) is applied to total kiln material inputs whereas
    the Sulphate Modulus (M.SO3) is normally applied to hot meal.

    The A.S.R. has the formula;-

    A.S.R. = SO3 / (K2O + 0.5 * Na2O)

    and lies optimally at 1.0 with a normal range of 0.6 -> 1.4

    It measures the clinker alkali sulphatisation level. ie. whether there is enough alkalis
    to combine completely with the total sulphur in kiln material inputs (raw meal + fuel(s)
    + waste streams)

    The Sulphate Modulus is given by the equation:-

    M.SO3 = (SO3/80) / [(K2O/94) + (Na2O/62) - (Cl/71)]

    with an optimum of 0.9 and a normal range of 0.8 -> 1.0

    In this equation, chloride is first subtracted from the alkali molar total because alkali
    chlorides are far more volatile than alkali sulphates. Over 99% of alkali chlorides
    (particularly KCl) are re-evaporated in the high temperature of the burning zone and
    return to the kiln inlet with the kiln gases where they condense on the incoming hot
    meal, completing the cycle.

    The purpose of this ratio is to predict the likelyhood of alkali or sulphur related
    buildups in the kiln inlet. In particular, sudden increases in this ratio can indicate lack
    of oxygen in the back end of the kiln and impending sulphur buildups. A low value
    indicates an excess of alkalis. (ie insufficient sulphur for complete sulphatisation)

    To confuse matters more, the reciprocal of this ratio, called the Alkali/Sulphur
    Ratio is also widely used;-

    A/S = [(K2O/94) + (Na2O/62) - (Cl/(71)] / (SO3/80)

    This ratio has target value of 1.1 and an optimum range of 1.0 -> 1.2 and its purpose
    is identical to that of the Sulphate Modulus.

    So it is very important when discussing alkali/sulphur balances to first make sure


    which of these ratios are being referred to.
    What it shows if both are on lower side? In our Raw meal we have K2O - 0.42%,
    Na2O - 0.11 and Cl - 0.01%. Our kiln is coal fired and the Sulfur % in coal is between
    0.8 - 1.2%. Our Clinker results have following percentages of alkalies and sulfates:
    K2O - 0.66, Na2O - 0.16, SO3 - 0.49. While having above conditions, What to do for
    better chemistry and operational control?

    To perform a proper alkali/sulphur balance on your kiln inputs you would also need
    to supply;-

    o raw meal SO3 content


    o kiln feed rate
    o total coal feed rate
    o coal ash content
    o coal ash chemistry
    o and the analyses and quantities of any other material input streams containing
    significant amounts of K2O, Na2O, SO3 and Cl.

    However, assuming there is no bypass dust removal from your kiln, you could get a
    rough indication of the alkali sulphur balance by applying the Sulphate
    Modulus formula to your clinker chemistry (ignoring the hot meal chloride
    correction);-

    ie. M.SO3 = (0.49/80) / (0.66/94 + 0.16/62) = 0.64

    This indicates that your alkalis are under-sulphated. To improve this you have two
    options;- reduce your alkali input (particularly K2O) or increase your total sulphur
    input.

    To reduce alkali input you could;-

    7. Reduce the input of alkalis in raw materials from the quarry.


    8. Install a bypass system. (very expensive and probably unnecessary in your
    case)

    To increase sulphur input you could;-

    9. Increase the SO3 in raw materials from the quarry.


    10. Add a high sulphur component, such as gypsum, to the raw mix.
    11. Use a fuel with higher sulphur content.

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