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    Project Report Fire Alarm PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Chaudhary
    This document provides information about a fire alarm circuit that uses an astable multivibrator with an IC555. It contains a list of components, including resistors, capacitors, an IC555 chip, transistor, diode, and speaker. The circuit works by using a germanium diode that acts as a temperature sensor - it conducts at high temperatures like in a fire, which triggers the IC555 to produce an audible alarm sound through the speaker. The document explains how the circuit works and concludes that the low-cost fire alarm is a reliable design.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Project Report Fire Alarm PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Chaudhary
    209 views9 pages
    This document provides information about a fire alarm circuit that uses an astable multivibrator with an IC555. It contains a list of components, including resistors, capacitors, an IC555 chip, transistor, diode, and speaker. The circuit works by using a germanium diode that acts as a temperature sensor - it conducts at high temperatures like in a fire, which triggers the IC555 to produce an audible alarm sound through the speaker. The document explains how the circuit works and concludes that the low-cost fire alarm is a reliable design.

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    36411193-project-report-fire-alarm.pdf

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    This document provides information about a fire alarm circuit that uses an astable multivibrator with an IC555. It contains a list of components, including resistors, capacitors, an IC555 chip, transistor, diode, and speaker. The circuit works by using a germanium diode that acts as a temperature sensor - it conducts at high temperatures like in a fire, which triggers the IC555 to produce an audible alarm sound through the speaker. The document explains how the circuit works and concludes that the low-cost fire alarm is a reliable design.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    209 views9 pages

    Project Report Fire Alarm PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abhay Chaudhary
    This document provides information about a fire alarm circuit that uses an astable multivibrator with an IC555. It contains a list of components, including resistors, capacitors, an IC555 chip, transistor, diode, and speaker. The circuit works by using a germanium diode that acts as a temperature sensor - it conducts at high temperatures like in a fire, which triggers the IC555 to produce an audible alarm sound through the speaker. The document explains how the circuit works and concludes that the low-cost fire alarm is a reliable design.

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    FIRE ALARM

    CONTENTS

     ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

     INTRODUCTION

     COMPONENTS LIST

     CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

     WORKING

     IC555

     555 ASTABLE

     CHOOSING R1, R2 AND C1

     ASTABLE OPERATION

     DUTY CYCLE

     CONCLUSION
    COMPONENTS LIST
    RESISTORS
    (+5% CARBON,1/4W)

    R1 - 1KΩ 1NOS
    R2 - 4.7KΩ 1NOS
    R3 - 10KΩ 1NOS
    R4 - 47KΩ 1NOS
    VR1 - 100KΩ 1NOS
    (PRESET) H

    CAPACITORS
    C1,2 - 0.01μF 2NOS
    C3 - 100 μF/16V 1NOS

    MISC
    IC1 - 1C555 1NOS
    T1 - BC548 1NOS
    LS - 2 ½” 8E SPK/. 1NOS
    D1 - DR25 GER DIODE 1NOS
    INTRODUCTION

    An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect


    the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring
    environmental changes associated with combustion. In
    general, a fire alarm system is either classified as
    automatic, manually activated, or both. Automatic fire
    alarm systems can be used to notify people to evacuate
    in the event of a fire or other emergency, to summon
    emergency services, and to prepare the structure and
    associated systems to control the spread of fire and
    smoke.
    Fire alarm systems have become increasingly
    sophisticated and functionally more capable and reliable
    in recent years. They are designed to fulfil two general
    requirements: protection of property and assets and
    protection of life. As a result of state and local codes, the
    life-safety aspect of fire protection has become a major
    factor in the last two decades.
    There are a number of reasons for the substantial
    increases in the life-safety form of fire protection during
    recent years, foremost of which are 1. The proliferation of
    high-rise construction and the concern for life safety
    within these buildings. 2. A growing awareness of the life-
    safety hazard in residential, institutional, and educational
    occupancies. 3. Increased hazards caused by new
    building materials and furnishings that create large
    amounts of toxic combustion products (i.e., plastics,
    synthetic fabrics, etc.). 4. Vast improvements in smoke
    detection and related technology made possible through
    quantum advances in electronic technology. 5. The
    passing of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA),
    signed into law on July 26, 1990, providing
    comprehensive civil rights protection for individuals with
    disabilities. With an effective date of January 26, 1992,
    these requirements included detailed accessibility
    standards for both new construction and Renovation
    toward the goal of equal usability of buildings for
    everyone, regardless of limitations of sight, hearing, and
    mobility. This had a significant impact on fire alarm
    system signalling devices, power requirements, and
    device locations.
    WORKING

    The fire alarm circuit here is designed with the principle


    of working of an astable multivibrator using IC 555. An
    astable multivibrator is a circuit which generates
    continuous pulses at the output terminal for the designed
    frequency. The generated frequency produces sound
    when it is connected to a loudspeaker.
    In the above circuit the sensor used is a germanium diode
    DR25 which is reverse biased in the circuit. The reverse
    resistance of the diode is very high and current cannot
    pass through the diode at room temperature.

    In the astable multivibrator of our circuit, the reset pin is


    connected ground. At this condition the astable
    multivibrator cannot produce frequency. At room
    temperature transistor T1 on since the base of the
    transistor T1 gets enough potential since the diode is not
    conducting and offering a high resistance.
    When temperature of the diode increases in case of fire,
    the junction of the diode breakdowns and start
    conducting. At about 70˚c its resistance drop to a value
    below 1KΩ. This stops T1 conducting since base of t1 is
    now connected directly to ground through diode D1 and
    ground connection to the pin 4of IC 555 is now removed
    and is now connected to the Vcc through R2. Now astable
    multivibrator is activated and starts generating frequency
    which produces the alarm sound.
    CONCLUSION

    A fire alarm is a device that detects the presence of fire


    and atmospheric changes relating to smoke. In some
    cases, a firm alarm is a part of a complete security
    system, in addition to a burglary protection system. The
    fire alarm operates to alert people to evacuate a location
    in which a fire or smoke accumulation is present

    When functioning properly, a fire alarm will sound to


    notify people of an immediate fire emergency. Fire
    alarms can be found in homes, schools, churches and
    businesses, and function as the catalyst to saving lives.
    For most fire alarms, when sounded, a beep, bell or horn
    noise is made. This distinct sound exists to allow the
    notification to be heard
    The fire alarm constructed by this project work is reliable
    at low cost
    CIRCUIT DAIGRAM

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