Design Practice Piping Around Equipment

DESIGN PRACTICE PIPING AROUND EQUIPMENT:
A. Tower and Drum Piping

1. Mangiles and instruments of the towers and drums shall be provided on the maintenance
side, while piping shall be arranged on the other side.
2. Piping connected to towers shall in principle, be arranged in consideration of facilitating
easy supporting.
3. Piping and their suppots shall be arranged in consideration of thermal expansion of the
tower and drum
4. Min.clearance between the first stage platform and ground level shall be a minimum of 3m
5. Platform shall be arranged so that the vertical distance between upper and lower platform
does not exceed 8m
6. In general platforms of 2,000 m/m 3,000 m/m diameter shall be mounted on the top of the
towers and vertical type drums.Width of the platform shall be 1,000 m/m 1,500 m/m
where access is provided for manholes, valves, instruments, shall be 1,000 m/m where it is
only for ladder landing.Spacing between the platform and center line of manholes shall be
generally 700 m/m – 1,000 m/m and normally 800 m/m.
B. Piping for Rotating Machines

1. General
a. Sufficient flexibility and adequate support shall be provided for piping which serves
rotating machines, to minimize stresses applied on nozzles of the machine which might
influence the proper installation clearances of the machine, jeopardize the trouble-free
alignment or internal operation of the machine,
b. Connecting piping for rotating machines shall be arranged so that internal elements and
casing sections of the machines can be removed for maintenance without interference
with the connecting piping.
2. Pumps
a. Pumps suction piping shall be designed to avoid the formation of vapour
pockets.Where a reducer is horizontal pump suction, an eccentric reducer shall be
installed with the flat on top
b. The length of straight run pipe between elbow and pump suction nozzle in the
horizontal suction lines of a double suction pump shall be at least 5 times the pipe
diameter.
Where a reducer is installed between a pump nozzle and a horizontal elbow in a pump
suction line, the reducer shall be considered as a part of straight run pipe
c. Piping arrangement shall permit insertion and removal of permanent and temporary
strainer internals without disturbing machine installation alignment
d. The design and location of permanent strainer that be such as to permit cleaning
without removing the strainer body
e. Type strainers used pump suction piping shall be as follows
 3” NPS and smaller size – Y type (flanged connection)
 4” NPS and larger size – T type (butt weld connection)
f. Strainer body material shall be applied corresponding to its material,
g. Maximum effort shall be made to locate the piping at the pump side for ease of
maintenance work
h. All support shall be of the adjustable type

3. Compressor
a. Special attention shall be given to reciprocating compressor piping, taking into
consideration the effects of vibration and pressure pulsation, to prevent fatigue failure,
b. The piping around compressor shall be arranged to prevent excessive force and
moment effecting on to the nozzle
C. Heat Exchanger Piping

1. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
a. Piping shall be arranged so as to allow removal of channel covers and tube bundle and
give easy access for bolting
b. If practicable, symmetrical piping is desirable for the inlet piping of the heat enchanters
having plural inlet nozzles,
c. The configuration of piping connected to the respective heat exchangers of the same
item arranged in parallel shall be symmetrical
d. Installing elevation is as below
Note: Foundation surfaces shall be leveled where the heat exchangers are to be placed in low
point.
e. Locations of valves and orientations of thermometers around heat exchangers
f. Pipe support adequate support shall be provided to lines around heat exchangers.
2. Air coller Heat exchangers

a. All piping connecting to an air cooled heat exchangers, especially the inlet line,shall
have sufficient flexibility and adequate support to ensure that, under no circumstance,
the nozzles of the air cooled heat exchanger shall be subject to excessive stress and
moment beyond allowable range
b. Piping around air cooled heat exchanger with multi-bundles, shall be arranged to
ensure even flow distribution.
D. Furnance Piping
1. Arrangement of piping for burners shall be performed considering easy insertion and
removal of firing torches, burners and burner guns.Furthermore the piping shall not
obstruct observation windows, access does, header box curves and the tube removal area
2. The valves in the fuel supply piping to the burnes and valves for streaming out shall be
located close to the furnace observation windows,
3. Piping for multi pass furnaces shall be arranged symmetrically, if no valves to adjust flow
rate are provider in the piping
4. Snuffing steam valves shall be located 15m from furnace and consideration of facilitating
quick access from the control room ad well as ensuring a safe distance from the furnace.
E. Tank Farm Piping

1. Piping in tank dikes shall take the shortest possible route to the main bikeway, with
appropriate allowance for expansion and contraction
2. Piping shall be arranged to enable the absorption of nozzle displacement caused by tank
settlement or piping displacement caused by nozzle rotation due to tank shell deformation
3. Piping passing through dikes shall be adequately protected against external corrosion and
shall be acapable of absorbing any possible movement of piping due to thermal expansion
and contraction.
4. Piping inside tank dikes shall not obstruct to heavy equipments maneuver.
F. Pipe Way
1. In two stage racks, utility piping shall prefereably be installed on the upper stage and
process piping on the lower stage
2. Larger sized or heavy weight piping on racks shall primarily be laid on the sides
3. Reducers to be used on racks or sleepers shall be of the eccentric type to maintain constant
elevation of the pipe bottom.
G. Steam Trace Piping

Piping in tank dikes shall be designed in accordance with specification
H. Jacketed Piping
1. Jacketing methods : in cases where piping is to be jacketed the entire piping system
(straight runs, fittings and valves) shall be jacketed
2. Heating medium
a. The heating medium to be used in jackets shall be steam normally
b. Steam shall be supplied from a point higher than the jacket and traps shall be provided
at low points
c. Connection piping to jackets shall have the same size as that of the steam supply piping.
3. Precautions to be taken with respect to jacketed piping
a. Since thermal stress shal be caused by the differences in material and temperature
between the inner and outer pipes in usual cases, consideration shall be given to this
point
b. Expansion loops shall be used as a measure stresses in the inner and outer pipes,
c. No pockets shall be provided at the end of the process piping or at branches
d. Air pockets and drain pockets shall be avoided as far as practicable,in cases where they
can not be avoided vents or traps shall be provided

Design Practice Piping Around Equipment

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DESIGN PRACTICE PIPING AROUND EQUIPMENT:

A. Tower and Drum Piping

B. Piping for Rotating Machines

h. All support shall be of the adjustable type

C. Heat Exchanger Piping

2. Air coller Heat exchangers

E. Tank Farm Piping

G. Steam Trace Piping

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