Magnesium Perchlorate: CM2900, CM2903, CM2904, CM2905, CM2910, CM2915, CM2920, CM2922, CM2926
Magnesium Perchlorate: CM2900, CM2903, CM2904, CM2905, CM2910, CM2915, CM2920, CM2922, CM2926
Magnesium Perchlorate: CM2900, CM2903, CM2904, CM2905, CM2910, CM2915, CM2920, CM2922, CM2926
Product Identifier
Product name MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE
Synonyms
CM2900, CM2903, CM2904, CM2905, CM2910, CM2915, CM2920, CM2922, CM2926
Other means of
Not Available
identification
CAS number 10034-81-8
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
As a drying agent for gases. The article of commerce may contain an amount of water equivalent to a dihydrate, but
Relevant identified uses
even the trihydrate is said to be effective for drying gases.
Email rowewa@rowe.com.au
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL. DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the WHS Regulations and the ADG Code.
[1] Oxidizing Solid Category 2, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Category
Classification
3 (respiratory tract irritation), Eye Irritation Category 2A
1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from HCIS; 3. Classification drawn from Regulation (EU) No 1272/2008 -
Legend:
Annex VI
Label elements
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Hazard pictogram(s)
Hazard statement(s)
H272 May intensify fire; oxidiser.
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Substances
CAS No %[weight] Name
10034-81-8 >98 magnesium perchlorate
Mixtures
See section above for composition of Substances
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Antithyroid effects produced by the perchlorates may be reversed with iodine. Patients should be warned to report the development of sore throat, fever
or rashes since these are indicative of blood abnormalities.
For chlorates:
For severe intoxication: Empty the stomach by lavage and aspiration or by emesis, give demulcents or sweetened drinks and maintain respiration.
Pethidine may be given if required. A 1% solution of sodium thiosulfate may be used for lavage and may also be given by intravenous infusion.
Haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or exchange perfusions may be of value in removing chlorate from the blood. Forced diuresis should not be attempted
if there is inadequate urine input.
The high sensitivity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to denaturation by chlorate explains the inefficacy of methylene blue to reduce
methaemoglobin formed, as the antidotal effect of methylene blue depends on NADPH formed mainly by the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate. The
observed changes occur only in the presence of methaemoglobin which forms a destabilising complex with chlorate. Methaemoglobin thus
autocatalytically increases methaemoglobin formation and destruction of the erythrocyte.
Extinguishing media
FOR SMALL FIRE:
USE FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER.
DO NOT use dry chemical, CO2, foam or halogenated-type extinguishers.
FOR LARGE FIRE
Flood fire area with water from a protected position
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HAZCHEM 1Y
Environmental precautions
See section 12
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Plastic bag
NOTE: Bags should be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that they are stable and secure against
sliding or collapse.
WARNING:
On the basis of experience with cobalt(III) perchlorate, attention is drawn to the possibility of stable metal perchlorates
being converted by unintentional dehydration to unstable (endothermic) lower hydrates capable of explosive
decomposition in the absence of impurities. Great care must be taken to avoid dehydration or desolvation of
perchlorates.
Metal perchlorates may be explosively reactive with finely divided aluminium, magnesium and zinc and other metals,
calcium and strontium hydrides, glycol (on heating), sulfuric acid (with the formation of unstable perchloric acid), and
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
The perchlorate salts of the complexes of divalent cobalt, nickel and particularly iron ([tetramethyl[14]-N8 complexes)
are potentially explosive and storage for more than 4 weeks is inadvisable
Avoid any contamination of this material as it is very reactive and any contamination is potentially hazardous
Segregate from alcohol, water.
Segregate chlorates from organic matter, acids, poisonous gases, flammables, corrosives, aluminium and ammonium
salts and any other combustible material.
Mixtures of chlorates with fibrous and absorbent organic materials such as wood, paper, leather, flour, sawdust, sugar,
shellac, may be ignited or caused to explode by static sparks, friction or shock.
The extreme hazardous nature of mixtures of metal chlorates with phosphorus or sulfur, apart from being powerful
explosives, are dangerously sensitive to friction or shock; spontaneous ignition occasionally occurs.
Mixtures with sucrose, lactose, chromium, sulfur dioxide, sodium amide, zirconium, germanium and titanium explode on
heating.
Forms incompatible sometimes explosive mixtures with thorium dicarbide, strontium hydride, hydrogen iodide, fluorine,
cyanoguanidine, cyanides, dinickel trioxide, powdered carbon, aqua regia and ruthenium, nitric acid, manganese dioxide
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Control parameters
INGREDIENT DATA
Not Available
EMERGENCY LIMITS
Exposure controls
Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed
engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions
to provide this high level of protection.
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and
ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air
contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or
contaminant in use.
Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.
Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential
to obtain adequate protection. Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is
Appropriate engineering essential to ensure adequate protection.
controls An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.
Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess
varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively
remove the contaminant.
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direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas 1-2.5 m/s
discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion) (200-500 f/min.)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial 2.5-10 m/s
velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion). (500-2000 f/min.)
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe.
Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air
speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source.
The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of
solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing
performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by
factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Personal protection
Chemical goggles.
Full face shield may be required for supplementary but never for primary protection of eyes.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy
document, describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This
should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury
Eye and face protection
experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily
available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as
practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean
environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS
1336 or national equivalent]
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Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the
manufacturers’ technical data should always be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for
the task.
Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For
example:
· Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is
needed. However, these gloves are only likely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for
single use applications, then disposed of.
· Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical)
risk i.e. where there is abrasion or puncture potential
Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application
of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended.
DO NOT wear cotton or cotton-backed gloves.
DO NOT wear leather gloves.
Promptly hose all spills off leather shoes or boots or ensure that such footwear is protected with PVC over-shoes.
Body protection See Other protection below
Overalls.
PVC Apron.
PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe.
Eyewash unit.
Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.
Some plastic personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g. gloves, aprons, overshoes) are not recommended as they may
produce static electricity.
Other protection
For large scale or continuous use wear tight-weave non-static clothing (no metallic fasteners, cuffs or pockets).
Non sparking safety or conductive footwear should be considered. Conductive footwear describes a boot or shoe with a
sole made from a conductive compound chemically bound to the bottom components, for permanent control to
electrically ground the foot an shall dissipate static electricity from the body to reduce the possibility of ignition of
volatile compounds. Electrical resistance must range between 0 to 500,000 ohms. Conductive shoes should be stored in
lockers close to the room in which they are worn. Personnel who have been issued conductive footwear should not wear
them from their place of work to their homes and return.
Respiratory protection
Particulate. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent)
Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately prevent exposures.
The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional judgment that takes into account toxicity information, exposure measurement
data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure - ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads which may result in heat stress or
distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an option).
Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory protection. These may be
government mandated or vendor recommended.
Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a complete
respiratory protection program.
Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne.
Try to avoid creating dust conditions.
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Possibility of hazardous
See section 7
reactions
Conditions to avoid See section 7
Hazardous
See section 5
decomposition products
Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.
Magnesium salts are generally absorbed so slowly that swallowing these cause few toxic effects, with purging being the
most significant. If it cannot be removed (for example in bowel obstruction or paralysis), it may irritate the gut lining and
be absorbed into the body.
Side effects of magnesium salts include upset stomach, dry mouth, dry nose, dry throat, drowsiness, nausea, heartburn,
and thickening of the lining of the throat and nose.
The magnesium ion causes salt disturbances, central nervous system depression, involvement of the heart, loss of
reflexes and death from paralysis of breathing; these effects, however, are rare without pre-existing kidney or bowel
Ingestion
disorders.
Early signs and symptoms of magnesium poisoning include nausea, vomiting, general unwellness and confusion. There
may be low blood pressure due to dilation of blood vessels. A slow heart beat is common, which may eventually lead to
stoppage of the heart.
Symptoms of exposure to perchlorates include shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and a bluish discolouration of the
skin. The effects may be delayed for several hours following exposure.
Nausea and vomiting are almost always apparent after chlorate poisonings usually with upper stomach pain. Diarrhoea
may also occur.
This material can cause inflammation of the skin on contact in some persons.
The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition
Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects may result following absorption.
Skin Contact
Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material
Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful
effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected.
Eye This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons.
Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in airways disease, involving difficulty breathing and related
whole-body problems.
Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term
Chronic occupational exposure.
Based on experience with animal studies, there is a possibility that exposure to the material may result in toxic effects to
the development of the foetus, at levels which do not cause significant toxic effects to the mother.
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In a case of chronic abuse of magnesium citrate, symptoms seen included tiredness and severe low blood pressure which
did not respond to treatment. Blood tests revealed extremely high levels of magnesium, and the patient was found to
have a perforated ulcer of the duodenum. Kidney failure and death followed.
A patient with normal kidney function developed stoppage of breathing and slow heart rate after receiving 90 grams of
magnesium sulfate over 18 hours. Animal testing suggests that magnesium sulfate may reduce both fertility and the
weight of offspring.
Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis, caused by
particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung.
Chronic or sublethal exposure to inorganic chlorate may have negative effects on human health, such as redness of the
eyes and skin (including skin inflammation), sore throat, abdominal pain, blue lips or skin, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
shortness of breath, and unconsciousness. Sodium chlorate may damage the liver, kidneys and blood cells of humans.
Animal testing showed that chlorate is toxic to the thyroid gland, although it does not cause mutations and is therefore
unlikely to cause cancer. Chlorate does not appear to cause birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities in animal testing.
Perchlorates may affect the use of iodine by the thyroid gland and chronic exposures may result in symptoms of thyroid
dysfunction such as goitre.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
magnesium perchlorate
Not Available Not Available
Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS.
Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ends. This may be due to a
non-allergic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur after exposure to high
levels of highly irritating compound. Main criteria for diagnosing RADS include the absence of previous airways disease in
a non-atopic individual, with sudden onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented
exposure to the irritant. Other criteria for diagnosis of RADS include a reversible airflow pattern on lung function tests,
moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing, and the lack of minimal lymphocytic
inflammation, without eosinophilia. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates
related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. On the other hand, industrial bronchitis
is a disorder that occurs as a result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particles) and is
completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing, cough and mucus
production.
MAGNESIUM
No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.
PERCHLORATE
Goitrogenic:
Goitrogens are substances that suppress the function of the thyroid gland by interfering with iodine uptake, which can, as
a result, cause an enlargement of the thyroid (a goitre).
Goitrogens include:
- Vitexin, a flavonoid, which inhibits thyroid peroxidase, contributing to goitre
- Thiocyanate and perchlorate, which decrease iodide uptake by competitive inhibition and consequently increase
release of TSH from the pituitary gland
- Lithium, which inhibits thyroid hormone release
- Certain foods, such as soy and millet (containing vitexins) and vegetables in the genus Brassica (which
includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower and horseradish).
- Caffeine (found in coffee, tea, cola and chocolate), which acts on thyroid function as a suppressant.
Legend: – Data either not available or does not fill the criteria for classification
– Data available to make classification
Toxicity
Legend: Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic
Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 (QSAR) - Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity
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MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE
Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) -
Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data
Perchlorate poses a human health concern because this contaminant has the same ionic size as iodide, and can compete with iodide for uptake into the
thyroid gland, causing changes in thyroid hormone levels and possibly thyroid disorders. Public concerns have generated considerable legislation
designed to minimise potential damage. The environmental impacts of perchlorate have been less well studied, but the pollutant is clearly being
transferred between abiotic and biotic ecosystem components. Perchlorate is a highly soluble oxyanion that is very stable and nonreactive in water.
Perchlorate salts also have a very low volatility. Although a strong oxidizing agent, the perchlorate anion is stable in the environment. Perchlorate does not
form complexes with metals in the same manner as other anions, and it does not readily sorb to material in the environment. This combination of
perchlorate solubility, stability, and mobility creates the potential for both localised and area-wide potential ecotoxicological effects, as it is a relatively
non-reactive and very stable contaminant, with very low biodegradation rates under many natural conditions. Biodegradation of perchlorate in the natural
environment (e.g., sediments) will not occur unless significant levels of organic carbon are present, oxygen and nitrate are depleted, and perchlorate-
degrading anaerobic bacteria are present. Perchlorate is a highly toxic compound that is stable and persistent in the environment. Once perchlorate gets
into the food chain or water supply, it does not break down easily. It has been detected in surface and ground water, soils and food (lettuce, bottled water,
milk, meat, kelp, animal feed). It is stable, water soluble and persistent; it is not volatile and does not readily adhere to soil. It is also found in plants
because its solubility in water allows it be taken up by their roots. The populations considered to be most sensitive to perchlorate exposure are nursing
infants, children, post-menopausal women, and people with hypothyroidism. Perchlorate interferes with thyroid functioning and is especially dangerous to
fetuses, babies, and children. It causes thyroid iodine deficiency that in turn limits the gland’s ability to produce a hormone essential to neurological
development, leading to neurological disorders. A human reference dose (daily exposure level below which EPA believes there would be no serious
negative effects to a human over their lifetime) of 0.0007 mg/kg per day has been suggested by the US EPA, who considers drinking water safe if it
contains no more than 24.5 parts per billion (ppb) of perchlorate. Perchlorate has contaminated ground and surface waters that are currently being used
for irrigation in food production. Physical processes, including mixing and dispersion, control the distribution of perchlorate in groundwater. Soil is not
expected to naturally contain perchlorate. Perchlorate does not adsorb onto inorganic surfaces, including hydrous ferric oxide, smectite, and manganese
oxide. The inorganic perchlorate compounds introduced into soils are readily soluble and are not strongly adsorbed by other soil components. In soils,
perchlorate is chemically stable and is expected to behave in a manner similar to dissolved minerals. While perchlorate is subject to leaching, its content
in the soil is expected to remain in equilibrium in irrigated crop production systems. Perchlorate has been shown to be absorbed into crops from irrigation
water or other sources such as fertilizers. Plants absorb nutrients and pollutants from solutions in the soil and are expected to accumulate perchlorate
taken from the soil, which may be influenced by external factors such as plant species and maturity, nutrient concentrations, and consumptive use of
water. While there is evidence that a portion of the absorbed perchlorate may be reduced inside the plant through biochemical pathways, the majority of
the absorbed perchlorate will translocate to and concentrate in the leaf tissue where oxygen is always present and will thus limit its reduction. This is
illustrated by the detection of higher perchlorate concentrations in leaves collected later in the growing season and in dead leaves compared to younger,
live leaves, proving that perchlorate is recycled back into the soil upon decomposition of dead leaf litter. To minimise the potential recycling of perchlorate
by leaf litter it is recommended that dead leaves be collected and composted, or phytoremediation be designed to enhance rapid rhizodegradation
(rhizoremediation). The fate of perchlorate in streambed sediments is becoming a concern due to the increasing number of groundwater and surface water
contamination sites. Results indicate that ClO4- penetration into sediments could be affected by numerous factors, such as temperature, microbial
degradation, ClO4- surface water concentration, and sediment physico-geological properties. Maximum ClO4- penetration into sediments at study sites
was 30 cm below the sediment-water surface. Evidence suggests that microbial reduction is responsible for perchlorate depletion in stream sediments.
Biodegradation of ClO4- occurred over a seasonally variable active depth zone of 1-10 cm, implying that there was a rapid natural attenuation potential of
perchlorate in near-surface sediments. Perchlorate is reduced to intermediate compounds (chlorate [Cl(V)] and chlorite [Cl(III)]) and eventually to chloride
in anaerobic environments. Perchlorate reduction is both thermodynamically and microbially enhanced under denitrifying conditions. There are numerous
strains of micro-organisms capable of reducing both chlorate and perchlorate under anoxic conditions. Perchlorate is not likely to come out of solution
given its low vapour pressure. Droplet size during showering would likely preclude significant inhalation of perchlorate-contaminated water as an aerosol. In
perchlorate-contaminated lakes and streams, perchlorate is detected infrequently in fish heads, fillets, and whole bodies, but may be detected more often
depending on species and seasonal trends, and always at concentrations higher in the fish than in the water. Perchlorates may perturb thyroid-hormone
concentration in fish; this may affect growth and neurological development. Data from fish indicates that perchlorate can also disrupt sexual
development. Certain have been so dramatic that female fish have been mistaken for males. Several females displayed male-courtship behaviour and
produced sperm. This is suggestive of the fact that perchlorate may act as an androgen (male sex hormone). The concentration of perchlorate used in
these studies was at least a 1000 times the US EPA limit (24.5 parts per billion in natural bodies of water.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Bioaccumulative potential
Ingredient Bioaccumulation
No Data available for all ingredients
Mobility in soil
Ingredient Mobility
No Data available for all ingredients
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MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE
Labels Required
NO
Marine Pollutant
Not Applicable
HAZCHEM 1Y
UN proper shipping
MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE
name
Packing group II
UN proper shipping
Magnesium perchlorate
name
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Packing group II
UN proper shipping
MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE
name
Packing group II
Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture
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MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE
Other information
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the
Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references.
The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are
Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or
available engineering controls must be considered.
end of SDS