Ubuntu linux Basic commands
1.ifconfig :
ifconfig (interface configurator) command is use to initialize an interface, assign IP Address to interface
and enable or disable interface on demand. With this command you can view IP
Address and Hardware / MAC address assign to interface and also MTU (Maximum transmission unit)
size.
Ex:ifconfig
2.ifconfig eth0:
ifconfig with interface (eth0) command only shows specific interface details like IP Address, MAC
Address etc. with -a options will display all available interface details if it is disable also.
Ex:ifconfig eth0
3. Assigning IP Address and Gateway
Ex: ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0
4. Enable or Disable Specific Interface
Ex : Enable eth0 : ifup eth0
Disable eth0 : ifdown eth0
5 .Dhclient(to release the IP address)
Use this command to release (-r option) your IP address and get a new one from your
DHCP server.
EX: sudo dhclient –r
6. PING Command
PING (Packet INternet Groper) command is the best way to test connectivity between two nodes.
Whether it is Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). Ping use ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol) to communicate to other devices. You can ping host name of ip address using below
command.
Ex: ping www.google.com
7.TRACEROUTE Command
traceroute is a network troubleshooting utility which shows number of hops taken to reach destination
also determine packets traveling path. Below we are tracing route to global DNS server IP Address and
able to reach destination also shows path of that packet is traveling.
Ex: tracerout www.google.com
8. NETSTAT Command
Netstat (Network Statistic) command display connection info, routing table information etc. To displays
routing table information use option as -r.
Ex: netstart –r
9.DIG Command
NS related information like A Record, CNAME, MX Record etc.
Dig (domain information groper) query D
This command mainly use to troubleshoot DNS related query.
EX: dig www.google.com
10.NSLOOKUP Command
nslookup command also use to find out DNS related query. The following examples shows A Record (IP
Address) of tecmint.com.
EX:nslookup www.google.com
11. ROUTE Command
route command also shows and manipulate ip routing table. To see default routing table in Linux, type
the following command.
Ex: route
12. GUI tool system-config-network
Type system-config-network in command prompt to configure network setting and you
will get nice Graphical User Interface (GUI) which may also use to configure IP
ateway, D
Address, G NS etc. as shown below image.
EX:system-config-network
13. HOSTNAME Command
hostname is to identify in a network. Execute hostname command to see the hostname
of your box. You can set hostname permanently in /etc/sysconfig/network. Need to
reboot box once set a proper hostname.
EX: hostname
13. sudo
This SuperUserDo is the most important command Linux newbies will use. Every single
command that needs root’s permission, need this sudo command. You can use sudo before
each command that requires root permissions –
Ex: sudo su
14. APT commands
Ex:Sudo apt-get update
● Install a package locally: sudo apt-get install . /package.deb.
● Install a package from the repository: sudo apt-get install
package.
● Uninstall a package from the repository: sudo apt-get purge
package.
● Remove packages that are no longer needed: sudo apt-get autoremove
To update/upgrade the packages from this command is useful
15. lscpu: list CPU and processor info
Ex: iscpu
15: hwinfo: generic hardware information
EX:hwinfo
16. lspci: PCI busses, including graphics card,
network adapter
Ex:lspci
17. lsblk: list block devices (storate and partitions)
Ex: lsblk
18. df -h: disk free
Ex:df-h
19. free -h: total, free, used RAM
Ex:free-h
20. poweroff
And the last one is poweroff. Sometimes you need to poweroff directly from your terminal.
This command will do the task. Don’t forget to add sudo at the beginning of the command
since it needs root permission to execute poweroff.
Ex: sudo poweroff
21. Open Terminal
Ex: , Press Ctrl + Alt +T.
22. A list of basic troubleshooting commands
sudo apt-get
sudo Used before a command to run as root, or administrator.
update
ls Same as "dir"; lists the current directory. ls-ll
cp /dir/filename
cp Copy file.
/dir/filename
rm /dir/filename
rm Delete file.
/dir/filename
mv /dir/filename
mv Move file.
/dir/filename
mkdir Make a directory. mkdir /dirname
df Report file system disk space usage. df -h
dmesg Print or control the kernel ring buffer. dmesg
lspci Lists all PCI devices. lspci
lsusb Lists all USB devices. lsusb
lsmod Shows the status of modules in the Linux kernel. lsmod
cat Concatenate files and print on the standard output. cat /dir/logfile
grep Print lines of input matching a specified pattern. grep intel
apt-get update, or
apt-get Update installer.
apt-get upgrade
A utility that collects configuration and diagnostic information about your system.
The utility needs to be installed first using the following command line: "sudo
sosreport sosreport
apt-get install sosreport". It is recommended you reboot your system after the
install before first running the utility.
