International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

GSM based alert and warning system for LANDSLIDING and THUNDER
activity
Vaishnavi Supekar1, Pragati Mote1, Prathamesh Lohokane1, Vijay.N.Kukre2
1Student, Department of Computer Engineering All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society Polytechinc, Kennedy road,
Pune, Maharashtra, India.
2HOD, Department of Computer Engineering All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society Polytechnic Kennedy Road,

Pune, Maharashtra, India.

---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The occurrence of landslide and thunderstorm is rain makes some slopes unstable. Part of this water is
harmful for human life and property. The natural causes absorbed by soil increasing its weight which can put an
cannot be stopped, but the system can alert before they occur. additional load on the slope. Cutting and deep excavations on
So for alerting people from landslide and thunderstorm this slopes for buildings, roads, canals and mining causes
technique is useful. The data is collected from the input modification of natural slopes, blocking of surface drainage,
sensors, then and given to controller for transmission and an loading of critical slopes. [2] Landslide effects can be direct
alert message is transmitted with the help of GSM Module. The or indirect. Direct effects are deaths and injuries to people
sensors output is being displayed on the LCD in the form of and animals. Physical damage due to debris blocks roads,
percentage. The SMS system will alert the people and save life supply lines (telecommunications, electricity, water, etc.)
and also the property. The planet Earth has hundreds of and waterways. Indirect effects are flooding cause by
impact events, with some occurrences causing both in terms of movements of large masses of soil into the reservoir.
human casualty as well as economic losses. There are different Landslides causes of loss of life, property, infrastructure,
types of sensors to measure the behavioral aspects of earth. human settlements, agriculture, forestland, and lead to
The sensors integrated with WSN, provide an accurate and damage of communication routes. [2]
contiguous data for analysis and interpretation. This paper
briefly addresses earth observation and areas of critical The term landslide describes many types of
importance to people and society. The system monitors the downhill earth movements ranging from rapidly moving
changing geotechnical condition using various geo-technical catastrophic rock avalanches and debris flows in mountain
sensors like soil moisture sensors, rain sensor, strain guage. regions to more slowly moving earth slides. [3]. Some
This paper also touches upon the aspects of data transmission landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually,
over Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) to a whereas others move so rapidly that those can demolish
remote data center. property and lives suddenly and unexpectedly. [4]
Landslides affect approximately 15% of land area of The
Key Words: Thunderstorm, GSM module, Strain gauge. Indian subcontinent and reaching around 0.49 million km2.
The India has a sensational record of catastrophes due to
1. INTRODUCTION landslides. [4]

1.1 Landslide Example: Site Survey shown in Fig.1

Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has the

capability of quick capturing, processing, and transmission of
required data in real-time with high speed. This effect can
occur in the form of intense rainfall, snowmelt, and changes
in ground-water levels. [1] A landslide is a downward and
outward movement of soil, rock or vegetation under the
influence of gravity. Types of landslides include rotational
landslide, translational landslide, rock fall, rock toppling,
lateral spreading and debris flow. Debris flow includes down
slope movement of collapsed, unconsolidated material
typically along a stream channel. [2]
Fig-1: Uttarakhand Landslide –16 June 2013.
Landslide is caused due to some natural factors and
1.2 Lightning
anthropogenic factors. Natural factors are gravity, geological
factors, heavy and prolonged rainfall, earthquakes, waves Thunderstorm is a climatic disturbance that is associated
and volcanoes. Slides occur often with intense rain by with heavy rains, lightning, thunders and thick clouds.
creating zone of weakness; also water tables rise with heavy Rainfall from thunderstorms causes flash flooding which

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1442
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

kills more people each year than hurricanes, tornadoes. One 5. System details
of the most significant lightning hazards is to the wildfires, as
they can even ignite the ground surfaces. [5] When the 5.1 Arduino UNO
clouds fill up with electric charges the positive charges or
protons from at the top of the cloud and negative charges Arduino UNO board has ATMEGA328 Micro controller IC. It
from at the bottom it causes lightning. There have been processes the input from the different sensors and monitor
many theories of occurring lightning. [5] data. It also displays output on LCD and sends the message
with the help of GSM Module.
1. Polarization mechanism theory: As ice falls through the
Earth’s atmosphere, they become electrically polarized. 5.2 Soil Moisture Sensor

2. Electrostatic induction theory: Two opposing charges get Soil moisture sensor measure the moisture content in the
separated. The electricity gets stored in the middle of a soil. LM393 comparator is used to give both analog and
cumulonimbus cloud. There the electricity collides with rain. digital output to the controller.

5.3 Rain Sensor

Types of lightning are intra-cloud lightning, cloud to
ground lightning and cloud to ground lightning. Intra-cloud Rain sensor module is used for rain detection. It is also used
lightning happens inside a cloud. Cloud to ground lightning for measuring the intensity of rain. Analog output is used in
hits the earth from a cloud. Cloud to cloud lightning, is from detection of drops in the amount of rainfall. It is connected to
one cloud to the other. Lightning strikes the earth 50 to 100 5V power supply.
times per second. The duration of one stroke of lightning is
1/5 of a second. Lightning contains voltage of 1, 00,000kV 5.4 Strain Gauge
and peak current of 30kA. The total energy released during
lightning is 40GJ. During lightning temperature rises 50,000 Strain gauge is a type of pressure sensor. It detects the
degrees Celsius. Lightning can travel at speeds of 300,000 pressure and gives the output in the form of electrical
m/sec. Lightning heats nearby air to about 10,000 degrees resistance. It converts force, pressure, tension, weight, etc.
Celsius. [5] into the change in resistance.

2. Problem Statement 5.5 LCD

Landslides and lightning due to the heavy rainfall damages The output of the different sensors is displayed on the LCD. It
several houses and structures, killing those who were displays the character and numeric values and also the alert
trapped. So, due to loss of lives in landslides there is a need message.
to develop a system which predicts its occurrence and alert
the authority to take preventive measures. 5.6 GSM SIM800

GSM SIM800 works on the frequencies 900/1800 MHz. It

3. Problem Definition
sends message to the mobile number which is feed into the
This project puts forward solutions to the landslide and controller. This module is used to make audio calls, SMS,
lightning in heavy rainfall region. This system uses different Read SMS.
types of sensors like rain, soil moisture, strain gauge etc. for
detection. It uses Arduino which has inbuilt ADC modules, 5.7 Buzzer
which collects the data from the sensors. Then this data is
send over a large distance using GSM module and received at When the alert message is generated by the controller,
alert team. then the buzzer rings.

5.8 Power Supply

4. Objective of Project
We require +5, +12 Volts DC supply. +12 volts is given to
1. To design wireless system for lightning and arduino and GSM module, +5 volts to all sensors, buzzer and
landslide detection. LCD.
2. To predict the landslide and lightning.
6. Algorithm
3. To send the alert message to user with the help of
GSM module (SIM800). 1. Start.
4. To achieve fast transmission of data using GSM. 2. Initialize input and output pins of arduino.
5. To achieve real time monitoring of data. 3. Initialize the LCD.

6. To prevent loss of life, properties, farmland etc. 4. Initialize the GSM Module.

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1443
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. Initialize input and output variables. 8.2 Alert message on LCD

6. Fetch the sensor value and display it.
When sensors output exceeds the threshold value, an alert
7. Compare sensor value and threshold value. message is generated and being displayed on LCD.
8. If the sensor value is greater than threshold value,
display landslide and lightning detection. 8.3 Alert message on mobile handset
9. An alert message is send through the GSM module. When the landslide or lightning is detected, an alert message
10. Stop. is sent through GSM. Module to the mobile handset.

7. Activity Diagram

Fig-4: Alert message on mobile handset.

9. Applications
1. In Himalayan regions
2. In the area where heavy rainfall occurs.
3. In the earthquake prone areas like Delhi, Chennai, Nepal,
etc.

10. System Digram

Fig-2:Flow chart
8. Testing
8.1 Hardware
The hardware with all the components connected to the
power supply along with the main circuit.

Fig-5:System Diagram.
11. Results
1. Sensors output is observed on the LCD in the form of
Percentage.
2. Alert message for Land Slide and lightning Detection is
Fig-3: Sensor interfacing with LCD. displayed on LCD.

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1444
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3. When the land slide and lightning is detected, Buzzer rings [7] Chen, Yie-Ruey, et al. "The application of remote
as an alert alarm. sensing technology to the interpretation of land use for
rainfall-induced landslides based on genetic algorithms
4. An alert message is sent to the rescue team with the help
and artificial neural networks." IEEE Journal of Selected
of GSM module.
Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote
Sensing 2.2 (2009): 87-95.
12. Future Scope
[8] Cummins, Kenneth L., E. Philip Krider, and Mark D.
By using a Wi-Fi module, the data can be uploaded to the Malone. "The US National Lightning Detection
web server continuously. Weather forecasting can be done Network/sup TM/and applications of cloud-to-ground
by adding the sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity lightning data by electric power utilities." IEEE
sensor, anemometer, etc. We can monitor other transactions on electromagnetic compatibility 40.4
environmental parameters by adding sensors such as Soil PH (1998): 465-480.
sensor, CO2 and Oxygen sensor.
[9] http://www.thorguard.com/pdf/Thorguardian-
13. CONCLUSIONS L125_2013.pdf

Wireless sensor network for landslide detection is [10] R3, Arduino. "Arduino Uno R3 | Little Bird Electronics".
one of the challenging research areas available today in the Littlebirdelectronics.com.au. N.p., 2017.Web. 2 May
field of geophysical research. Landslides have become very 2017
serious problem at hill and mountain area. Because of
[11] "Interface GSM Module To Arduino - Send And Receive
landslide and thunderstorms disaster many people lost their
SMS". Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics
lives and also property.
Projects and Design. N.p., 2017. Web. 2 May 2017
This system uses arduino interfaced with sensors,
[12] “Arduino And Soil Moisture Sensor –interfacing
LCD and GSM module for real time monitoring of data. Data
tutorial-Electronic Circuits And Diagram-Electronics
from sensors is sent to arduino and displaying alert message
Projects And Design”. Electronics Circuit And Diagram-
on LCD. The results of the analysis in the form of landslide
Electronic Project And Design.N.p.2017.Web. 2May
and lightning warnings will be provided to the user with the
2017.
help of GSM. Hence landslide and lightning detection system
alert before landslide and lightning by using sensor values. [13] Thakur, Manoj.”Arduino Rain Sensor Interfacing |
Circuits4you.com”.Circuits4you.com .N.p.,2017Web 2
REFERENCES May 2017.
[1] [1] Prof.R.R.Karhe, Mr.S.B.Kothawade, Prof.C.S.Patil
[14] “How Sensors Work – Strain Gauge”. Sensorland.com.
“Land Slide Detection and Animal Detection Using
N.p. 2017 Web. 2 May 2017.
WSN” International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) 4.10 [15] “16X2 Lcd Display Not Clear”. Forum For Electronic.
(October 3 2015) N.p. 2017. Web. 2 May 2017.
[2] Singh. "Landslide Ppt". Slideshare.net. N.p., 2017. Web. [16] Pinout & bsp: Diagram, Arduino. ” Arduino Uno Pinout
2 May 2017. Diagram | Make:”. Make: DIY Projects And Ideas for
Makers. N.p. 2017. Web. 2 May 2017.
[3] "Landslides At Karwar, October 2009 : Causes And
Remedial Measures". Wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in. N.p., 2017. [17] Badamasi, Yusuf Abdullahi. "The working principle of
Web. 2 May 2017 an Arduino." Electronics, Computer and Computation
(ICECCO), 2014 11th International Conference on. IEEE,
[4] Charles M. Hammond, P.G., C.E.G, L.H.G, “Geology 2014.
iLandslide Engineering”, North American Landslides
Conference presentations held at Vail, Colorado, June 3- [18] “Interfacing LCD To Arduino – Tutorial To Display On
8, 2007. LCD Screen”. Electronics Circuit And Diagram-
Electronic Project And Design. N.p.2017.Web. 2May
[5] Rahaman. "Thunderstorm And Lightining". 2017.
Slideshare.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 2 May 2017.
[19] Banzi, Massimo, and Michael Shiloh. Getting Started
[6] Shrijan, S. B., C. K. Zaware, and MF Mir Kale. "GSM Based with Arduino: The Open Source Electronics Prototyping
Real-Time Wireless Sensor Network for Landslide Platform. Maker Media, Inc., 2014.
Detection." International Journal of Advanced Research
in Computer Science and Software Engineering 5.2 [20] Brewer, Eric A., et al. "Proteus: A high-performance
(2015). parallel-architecture simulator." (1991).

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1445