PES Institute of Technology and

Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 1 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Lesson Plan
Department of Electronics and Communication

Semester: 7th sem

Embedded System
Subject Name: Subject Code: 10EC74
Design
Hours / week: L-T-P 04 Total Hours: 52
Exam Marks / Credits 100 IA Marks: 25
Mr. Shivaprasad B K &
Lesson Plan Author: Duration of Exam: 3hrs
Mr. Pramod Rampur
Checked By: HOD Date: 07/08/2017

A. Course Prerequisites: Students should have the fundamental knowledge of

Description Course Name Code Semester
Knowledge about Diode Resistance, Diode ANALOG 10EC32 3rd Sem
equivalent circuits, Transistors, Transistor ELECTRONIC
CIRCUITS
switching networks, PNP transistors,
Knowledge about Microprocessors and MICROCONTROLLERS 10ES42 4th Sem
microcontroller. RISC & CISC CPU
Architectures, Harvard & Von-Neumann
CPU architecture, Computer software. The
8051 Architecture: Introduction,
Architecture of 8051, Pin diagram of 8051,
Memory organization, External Memory
interfacing, Stacks.
Knowledge about Discrete Fourier DIGITAL SIGNAL 10EC52 5th Sem
Transforms, Properties of DFT, PROCESSING
multiplication of two DFTs- the circular
convolution, additional DFT properties.
Knowledge about Time-Domain ANALOG 10EC53 5th Sem
description, Frequency – Domain COMMUNICATION
description. Generation of AM wave:
Detection of AM waves: square law
detector, envelop detector. Double side
band suppressed carrier modulation
(DSBSC): Time-Domain description,
Frequency-Domain representation,
Generation of DSBSC waves:

B. Course learning objectives (CLOs):

CLO1 Students have knowledge about the basic functions of embedded systems.
CLO2 Students have knowledge about the basic structure of embedded systems.
CLO3 Students have knowledge about the basic concepts of embedded systems.
CLO4 Students have knowledge about the applications of embedded systems.
CLO5 Students have knowledge about the development of embedded software.

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 2 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

C. Modes of content delivery:

The following are the various content delivery methods considered in the program:

 M1: Lecture delivery with discussion (blackboard teaching)

 M2: Tutorial (problem solving / discussions classes)
 M3: Presentations (PPT)
 M4: Experimental demonstration
 M5: Remedial Classes (Extra Classes)
 M6: Animations video files

D. Course Syllabus:
EMBEDED SYSTEM DESIGN

Subject Code: 10EC74 IA Marks: 25 No. of Lecture Hrs/Week: 04

Exam Hours: 03 Total no. of Lecture Hrs.: 52
Exam Marks: 100

Part A

Unit-1
Introduction to Embedded System 5 hours
Introducing Embedded Systems,Philosophy, Embedded Systems, Embedded Design and
Development Process.

Unit-2
The Hardware Side 8 hours
An Introduction, The Core Level, Representing Information, Understanding Numbers, Addresses,
Instructions, Registers-A First Look, Embedded Systems-An Instruction Set View, Embedded
Systems-A Register View, Register View of a Microprocessor the Hardware Side: Storage
Elements and Finite-State Machines (2 hour) The concepts of State and Time, The State Diagram,
Finite State Machines- A Theoretical Model.

Unit-3
Memories and the Memory Subsystem 7 hours
Classifying Memory, A General Memory Interface, ROM Overview, Static RAM Overview,
Dynamic RAM Overview, Chip Organization, Terminology, A Memory Interface in Detail,
SRAM Design, DRAM Design, DRAM Memory Interface, The Memory Map, Memory
Subsystem Architecture, Basic Concepts of Caching, Designing a Cache System, Dynamic
Memory Allocation.

Unit-4
Embedded Systems Design and Development 6 hours
System Design and Development, Life-cycle Models, Problem Solving-Five Steps to Design, The
Design Process, Identifying the Requirements, Formulating the Requirements Specification, The
System Design Specification, System Specifications versus System Requirements, Partitioning
and Decomposing a System, Functional Design, Architectural Design, Functional Model versus
Architectural Model, Prototyping, Other Considerations, Archiving the Project.

Part B

Unit-5 & 6
Real-Time Kernels and Operating Systems 12 hours

Tasks and Things, Programs and Processes, The CPU is a resource, Threads – Lightweight and
heavyweight, Sharing Resources, Foreground/Background Systems, the operating System, The

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 3 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

real-time operating system (RTOS), OS architecture, Tasks and Task control blocks, memory
management revisited.

Unit-7 & 8
Performance Analysis and Optimization 12 hours

Performance or Efficiency Measures, Complexity Analysis, the methodology, Analyzing code,

Instructions in Detail, Time, etc. – A more detailed look, Response Time, Time Loading, Memory
Loading, Evaluating Performance, Thoughts on Performance Optimization, Performance
Optimization, Tricks of the Trade, Hardware Accelerators, Caches and Performance.
Reference Books:
Text Book:
1. Embedded Systems – A contemporary Design Tool, James K. Peckol, John Weily India Pvt.
Ltd, 2008

Reference Books:
1. Embedded Systems: Architecture and Programming, Raj Kamal, TMH. 2008

E: Course Outcome (COs):

After studying this course, students will be able to:
CO1 Define and explain embedded systems and the different embedded system design technologies
explain the various metrics or challenges in designing an embedded system.

CO2 Discuss about the common memory types ROM and RAM. Explain and distinguish between
different types of advanced RAM.
CO3 Describe the Real – Time Operating System architecture.
CO4 Express tasks and states. Explain semaphores. Clarify about message queues, mailboxes, and
pipes. Describe the process of effective memory management.
CO5 Explain the hardware software co design aspects in embedded systems.

F: Programme Outcomes addressed to the course (POs)

PO1 Knowledge and understanding of fundamental embedded systems design paradigms,
architectures, possibilities and challenges, both with respect to software and hardware.
PO2 Ability to analyze a system both as whole and in the included parts, to understand how
these parts, interact in the functionality and properties of the system,

PO3 Understanding and experience of state-of-the -practice industrial embedded systems

and intelligent embedded system development.

G: Gaps in the syllabus to meet Industry requirement:

1. Embedded Systems activities include providing high-end training on embedded systems.

2. 8-bit RISC Microprocessor Core development
3. GSM Home Electrical Control System
4. PIC-IP Core Development

H: Topics Beyond syllabus / Advanced Topics:

1. Compare embedded system design models using different processor technologies
2. Describe and compare the various types of peripherals used in embedded systems
3. Analyze a given embedded system design and identify its performance critical points.
4. Utilize a top down modular design process to complete a medium complexity embedded system
design project under instructor specified design constraints.

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 4 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

I: Assessment Methodologies:

SNO Description Type

1 Student Assignment Direct
2 Internal Assessment test Direct
3 University Examination Direct
4 Student feedback Indirect

Evaluation Scheme

IA Scheme
Assessment Weightage in
Marks
Internal Assessment Exam 1 25
Internal Assessment Exam 2 25
Improvement- Internal Assessment 25
Exam 3
Assignments ---
Total 25
Subject Unitization for IA Exams and Semester Examination
No. of Questions in No. of
Un Teachin
Chapter Questions
it g Hours IA Exam I IA Exam II
Exam
1 Introduction 07
2 Evolution Of Switching 07
Part Systems
-A 3 Telecommunications 06
Traffic:
4 Switching Systems 06 VTU Exam
VTU Pattern
5 Evolution Of Switching 06 VTU Exam
Exam
Systems Pattern
Pattern
6 Switching System 07
Part Software
-B 7 Maintenance Of Digital 07
Switching System
8 A Generic Digital 06
Switching System
Model
Answer Answer any Answer any
any two two questions 2 questions
questions from part A,
Part B and
1 from
either Part A
or Part B

Note

 Each Question carries 20 marks and may consist of sub-questions.

 Mixing of sub-questions from different chapters within a unit (only for Unit I and Unit II)
is allowed in IA I, II and Semester Exam.
Answer 5 full questions of 20 marks each (two full questions from Part A, Part B, and 1 full
question from Either Part A of Part B) out of 8 in Semester Exam

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 5 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Topic Level Plan

Module No: 01
Topic Name: Introduction to Embedded system
Duration: 5Hrs
Topic Level Objectives(TLOs):
1. Learn what is an Embedded System
2.Learn the difference between Embedded Systems and general computing systems
3. Know the history of Embedded Systems
4.Learn the classification of Embedded Systems based on performance, complexity and the
era in which they evolved
5. Know the domains and areas of applications of Embedded Systems
Topic Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to

1. Define: what an Embedded System is.

2. Explain: the differences between Embedded Systems and General purpose computers.
3. Explain: the classification of Embedded Systems.
4. Explain: Microprocessor based Embedded Systems.
5. Define: Watchdog Timer.
6. Explain: The various steps involved in Embedded System design life cycle.
Questions [Review Questions, Complicated questions and Challenging questions with Blooms
Levels]

1. Define with an example. i) Embedded System ii) Hard Real-Time system

2. With neat diagram explain watchdog timer

3. With a block diagram, explain briefly the various components in a microprocessor based
embedded system.

4. Differentiate between the two designs approaches for an embedded system development.
Explain the various stages with a flow diagram.
5. briefly describe the major elements of the embedded system development life cycle
6. Explain how an embedded microcomputer and supporting hardware are interconnected.
7. What are the major categories of signals through which an embedded system interfaces with
the external world?
8. Distinguish between hard, soft and firm real-time systems.
9. Explain the term real time systems.
10. Explain different steps involved in instruction cycle.

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 6 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Module No : 02
Topic Name : The Hardware Side
Duration: 8Hrs
Topic Level Objectives(TLOs) :
1. Learn about the Building blocks of a typical Embedded Systems.
2. Know the difference between RISC and CISC machines.
3. Learn about different buses and their functions.
4. Understand the Architectures of Microprocessor, Microcontroller and Digital Signal
Processor.
5. Learn Different instruction sets used in Embedded Systems.
6. Understand the instruction Execution flow.

Topic Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to

1. Explain: the differences between microprocessors, microcomputers, and microcontrollers.
2. Explain: major functional blocks of a computer and their interconnecting busses.
3. Define: big endian and small endian number representation.
4. Explain: different addressing modes and instruction formats.
5. Discuss: about data and control flow through a computer.
6. Explain: the instruction set architecture level (ISA) model of a computer.
7. Discuss: about register transfer level (RTL) model of a computer.

Questions [Review Questions, Complicated questions and Challenging questions with Blooms
Levels]
1. Briefly describe the major functional block that comprises the computing core.
2. with the help of block diagram explain what is a microprocessor
3. Explain i) Big Endian & Little Endian Formats ii) Truncation & Rounding errors.

4. Explain the different addressing modes with neat diagram and explain the advantages and
disadvantages of each.
5. with the help of block diagram explain what is a microcontroller
6. Explain how the addresses are expressed in terms of microprocessor word.

7. Write and explain the block diagram of RTN model for a microprocessor datapath and
memory interface.

8. Briefly explain the concept of an execution flow of an instruction in an embedded application

9. Explain direct and register indirect addressing mode with diagram. Also write the timing
diagram for serial write operation with an 8 bit register.
10. With the help of block diagram explain digital signal processor as computing core.
11. What is meant by arity of an instruction?
12. Explain the major classification of microprocessor instructions
13. What is the purpose of a flag or condition code register?
14. What is the difference between entry condition loop and exit condition loop?
15. compare i) big endian and little endian
ii) RISC and CISC
iii) Truncation and rounding errors

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 7 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Module No : 03
Topic Name : Memories and Memory Subsystem
Duration: 7Hrs
Topic Level Objectives(TLOs) :
1. Understand about different memory technologies and memory types used in Embedded
System development.
2. Learn about EPROM, EEPROM and FLASH memory for embedded memory storage.
3. Learn about Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory
(DRAM).
4.Understand the different factors to be considered in the selection of memory for
Embedded Systems
5. Know about different mapping techniques used for cache memory.

Topic Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to

1. Explain: the classification of memories.
2. Discuss: the overview of ROM and RAM.
3. Explain: the operation of SRAM with timing diagram.
4. Discuss: the Refreshing technique used in DRAM.
5. Discuss: about the different mapping techniques.

Questions [Review Questions, Complicated questions and Challenging questions with Blooms
Levels]

1. Explain different types of cache mapping techniques.

2. List and explain various types of memory
3. Explain the internal diagram of SRAM and write timing diagram for read and write operations.
4. Write the inside and outside diagram of DRAM along with read and write operations.
5. Compare DRAM and SRAM
6. Write a short note on memory hierarchy
7. Design a DRAM interface with microprocessor which consists of 4k row address lines and 1k
column address lines.
8. Write a note on concept of state and time.
9. Briefly explain the state diagram with an example.
10. Explain a high level block diagram for a finite state machine.
11. Define access time, cycle time, block page and latency.
12. A microprocessor based system has 8 address lines and 8 data lines require an SRAM system
that can store up to 4K l6 bit words. But largest available memory device is I K x 8. Design memory
system that supports above said data

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 8 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Module No : 04
Topic Name : Embedded Systems Design and Development
Duration: 6Hrs
Topic Level Objectives(TLOs) :
1. Understand the design requirements of Embedded Systems.
2. Know about steps involved in product life cycle.
3. Learn waterfall model, V cycle model, Spiral model and Rapid prototyping.
4. Understand the difference between requirements definition and specification.
5. Know about coupling and cohesion and their importance.
6. Understand the need for static and dynamic timing analysis of a design.

Topic Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to

1. Define: system requirement and specification.
2. Explain: the waterfall flow diagram and steps involved in waterfall model.
3. Discuss: characterization of digital counter.
4. Explain: the V model flow diagram and steps involved in V model.
5. Explain: static and dynamic timing analysis of a system.
6. Define: coupling and cohesion with respect to Embedded Systems.

Questions [Review Questions, Complicated questions and Challenging questions with Blooms
Levels]

1. Write the block diagram of waterfall model and briefly explain each steps
2. Write a hardware architecture and data and counter flow diagram of a counter system and
explain briefly flow diagram
3. Explain the characterizing and identifying the requirements of a system, with respect to a digital
counter.
4. Write the block diagram of V-model and briefly explain each steps
5. Briefly explain Spiral model
6. What are the five steps to a successful design
7. Distinguish between system specification and system requirements.
8. What are the general software design steps? Explain the hardware architecture of the counter in
designing a counter system.
9. Enumerate the difference between functional model and architectural model.
10. Discuss the system design specifications in an embedded system with an example.
11. Briefly explain the common life cycle models in an embedded systems with a suitable diagrams
for each.

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 9 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Module No : 05&06
Topic Name : Real-Time and Operating Systems
Duration: 12Hrs
Topic Level Objectives(TLOs) :
1. Learn the basics of an operating system and the need for an operating system.
2. Learn the internals of Real-time operating System and the fundamentals of RTOS based
embedded firmware design
3. Learn the basic kernel services of an operating system.
4. Understand the difference between multiprocessing and multitasking.
Learn the concepts of multithreading, thread standards and thread scheduling.
5. Learn about tasks, processes, threads in the operating system context.
Topic Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to

1. Define: Real-Time Operating system.
2. Explain: Threads and its types.
3. Discuss: about the Foreground and Background systems.
4. Explain: the structure of task control block.
5. Define: Kernel and write the code for simple kernel.
6. Explain: Different types of stacks that are associated with task or thread.

Questions [Review Questions, Complicated questions and Challenging questions with Blooms
Levels]

1. Discuss task control block. Mention some of the major components of task control block.
2. Differentiate between : i) Program and process
ii) Processes and threads
iii) Light weighted and heavy weighted threads.
3. Explain the different functions of embedded operating.
4. What is a task control block? What are some of the major components of task control block?
5. Explain the time management system of real time operating system.
6. Explain the operating system architecture.
7. Briefly explain the state transitions in the task control block module system
8. What is a foreground/background system? What is the difference between a foreground and a
background task?
9. What is context switching? Describe the sequence of steps that are necessary to handle an
occurrence of an interrupt.
10. Describe virtual model and high level model for OS architectures.

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 10 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Module No : 07 & 08
Topic Name: Performance Analysis and Optimization
Duration: 12Hrs
Topic Level Objectives(TLOs) :
1. Understand the need for performance analysis and optimization in embedded applications
2. Know the limits of analysis and improvement.
3. Understand the basic flow of control constructs at different levels of program.
4. Learn how to determine the execution times at the assembler level.
5. Know about common mistakes made when analyzing performance and improving
performance in time, power and memory access.
Topic Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the topic, the students will be able to

1. Explain: the need for performance analysis and optimization in embedded applications.
2. Discuss: about the factors that limits analysis and improvement of an Embedded System
Design.
3. Explain: different algorithms used for optimizing the design.
4. Define: Big-O Notation.
5. Explain: data structures used in embedded systems.

Questions [Review Questions, Complicated questions and Challenging questions with Blooms
Levels]

1. Describe the methods by which we can perform a time loading analysis of an embedded a time
loading analysis of an embedded application. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.

2. Analyze the algorithm given below that accepts as I/P an array of integer and the number of
elements in the array. Obtain complexity function for the algorithm.
int total (int myArray[ ] , int n)
{
int sum: 0;
int i=0;
For (i= 0; i < n; i++)
{
Sum=sum+ myarray[i];
}
return sum;
}
3. Explain the difference between linear, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential growth with
respective to a software algorithm.
4. Analyze the following two types of loop:
i) Determine the number of iterations to be performed.
ii) Determine the number of steps per iteration of total time.

loop1
int sum: 0;
For (int j = 0;j < N; j++)
Sum = sum+ j;

loop2
int sum: 0;
For (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
Sum= sum + j;
5. Describe memory loading with figure, example and equations.
6. Write a short notes on the following

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 11 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

i) Tricks of the trade

ii) Performance optimization
8. Write C function to determine the sum of the elements in an array and analyze it line by line for
its time complexity.
9. Describe the methods by which we can perform a time coding analysis of an embedded a time
coding analysis of an embedded application.
10. Write the Amdahl’s limitation for performance improvement/optimization.
11. Write and analyze a linear search algorithm for its time complexity.

Activity Schedule

Activities Announcement Submission Evaluation HOD’s

Date Date Date Remarks
Assignment
Quiz
Course Seminar
Course Project
Subject Proficiency
Test/Skill Test
Note: Faculty shall conduct minimum of two of the five activities stated above

Course Articulation Matrix

Course Activities that meet the Program Outcomes

Learning outcomes
a b c d e f g h i j k l
Outcomes

CLO-1 H L L M M
CLO-2 H L M M L H
CLO-3 L H L H
CLO-4 M L M
CLO-5 M H
L: Low M: Medium H: High

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 12 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Level of achievement of programme outcome

PO Description
s Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
a fundamentals, and an engineering specialization for the solution of complex engineering
problems.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering
b problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural
sciences, and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet t h e specified needs with
c
appropriate consideration for public health and safety, and cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
d methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of t h e information to provide valid conclusions.

Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
e engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities, with an understanding of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
f to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of t h e professional
g engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
h
and norms of the engineering practice
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
i
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with t h e society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
j
and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations,
and give and receive clear instructions.
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of t h e
k engineering and management principles and apply these to one’ s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
l
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

(Subject Name)
 PES Institute of Technology and
Management
Issue/ Rev. No: 3.0/R0 Date: 15/12/2016 Page: 13 of 5 Form No: R/PP-03/TLIA-06

Checklist:
Sl. HOD’s Remarks
Items
No.
1 Assignments 
2 Quiz Questions 
3 I.A. Q Paper /Evaln. 
Schemes
4 Syllabus Copy 
5 PPTs/OHP sheets 
6 Lesson Plan 
7 VTU Question Papers 
8 Attendance book 
10 GATE/PGCET Question 
papers
11 Course Project 
Definitions
12 Tutorials 

Faculty signature & name with date:

Remarks by HOD:

HOD’s Signature & name with date Principal’s Signature:

(Subject Name)