NSTP  Made the ROTC optional since the first sem of

school year 2002-2003

This chapter introduce NSTP in accordance with its  And has allowed students to choose from ROTC,
newly revised; LTS, CWTS as requisite for graduation.
Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR)
NSTP components:
NSTP components: 1. ROTC – institutionalized under Sections 38 and
1. ROTC – Reserve Officers’s Training Corps 39 of Republic Act No. 7077
2. LTS – Literacy Training Service
3. CWTS  Designed to provide military training for
national defense preparedness
NSTP aims to – inculcate civic consciousness and  Focused on patriotism, respect for rights of
defense preparedness in the Filipino youth. civilians and adherence to the Constitution
 Helps to develop in them the ethics of service
and patriotism. 2. LTS – train the students to teach literacy and
 3 components are designed to enhance the numeracy skills to school children, out of school
students participation in nation-building. youth and other segments of society in need of such
service.
NSTP LAW
 Republic Act No. 9163 3. CWTS - to involve the students actively in
 Also known as An Act Establishing the NSTP activities contributory to the general welfare and
for Tertiary-Level Students, enhancement of its facilities, especially those
 Amending for the purpose Republic Act No. devoted to improving health,
7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706 and for education,environment, entrepreneurship, safety,
other purposes, recreation, and moral of citizenry.
 Was signed by former President Gloria
DND - Department of National Defense
Macapagal Arroyo on JAN 23, 2002
CHED - Commission on Higher Education and
 It is consodilation of House Bill No. 3593 and
TESDA - Technical Education Skills Development
Senate Bill No. 1824 passed by the House of
Authority
Representative and the Senate on December 19,
2001 - lead in the implementation and monitoring of NSTP
NSTP Law
- primary function is to oversee if the program being 3. Discipline, truth, goodness and social
conducted in schools is in consonance with the newly responsibility
revised IRR dated NOV 12, 2009 4. Awareness, innovation and creativity
5. Respect, Synergy and Professionalism
6. Excellence and Indigenous learning
Coverage of the NSTP Law 7. Protection and conservation of the environmnet
8. Quality service Delivery
1. All students,both male and female must
complete one NSTP components of their choice for NSTP-CWTS Minimum Standards
two semester as a graduation requirement. - Please read on the book
2. All higher and technical-vocational institution
must offer atleast one NSTP component.
3. State univ and colleges(SUCs) must offer ROTC
and at least one NSTP components, namely CWTS CHAPTER 2
or LTS.
4. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA),
Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA) The Nature of the Human Person
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are not
covered by the NSTP law. Estanol (2007)
5. Private higher educational institutional (HEIs) - defines the human person as having physical,
and technical-vocatinal educational institutions spiritual, emotional, and intellectuat attributes.
with atleast 350 student cadets may offer ROTC. St. Thomas Aquinas
- human person as having a physical and spiritual
NSTP-CWTS Vision substance because he has a soul and is created by
- Please read on the book Superior Being with divine purpose.
Dictionaries
NSTP CWTS - Mission - human person as a “self-conscious animal
 Please read on the book
Characterics of Human Person
NSTP-CWTS Core Values
1. Love of God ”-Babor- (2007) in his book.
2. Human Dignity - “The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing”
- discusses the several characteristics of a human search for happpines, and openness to the world
person, namely. around him.
1. A human person is a rational being - free to
think and has the capacity to reason and Philosophical Views
distinguish between right and wrong,  According to Protagoras, a human person is the
2. Born free - has freedom to do or not to do things measure of all things that exist and of all things
but they are the responsible for his or her action. that do not exist.
3. Unique - he she possesses an identity that  Plato, claimed that the perfect human being
makes him/ unlike any other person. does not exist in this world because what is in this
4. Every person intrinsically a social being and world is just an imperfect copy of humanity’s
cannot detach himself from other creatures, objects. original self in the realm of ideas.
5. All living things are sexual in nature, but the  Parmenides, posited that a person has
unique of expression of a person’s sexuality make him knowledge of something that exist, for a person who
or her different. does not exist is nothing.
 The expression of a person’s emotions, A human person like other animals has external and
attitudes, feelings, actions and thoughts in internal organs.
sexual activity best exemplifies his or her A human become evident when he or she starts to
unique from animals. share his or her thoughts with others.

Biblical Views Maguigad (2006) in his book “ Philosophy of Human

 Human person has superiority and dignity Being” explain the different philosophical views of the
inherited from Supreme being. human person.
 Book of Genesis Chapter 1, verses 26-27, God 1. Conservatism – conservative view is not entirely
created man and woman in His own image and positive and definitely nonegalitarian .
likeness and made theme masters of the fish of the  All human person may not be of equal
sea, the birds, the heaven, the wild beast and alll value to society; some men are intended to
the reptiles that can crawl upon its earth. rule, the rest is to obey.
 Supreme being entrusted to the person the care  This in line with Confucian ethical ideas
of creatures. which states that the superior man must
 Agbuya 1997, states that “ He or She is rule and the commoner must bow before his
designated by God to exercise dominion over other authority.
creatures in his or her everyday use of freedom,
 2. Liberalism – has a more egalitarian view of  Human person as “a rational animal”
human nature.  He/she is a material body and spiritual soul
 It believes that all men are capable of being.
reason and rational action, and have the  As a vegetative creature, the human person
capacity to live with satisfaction. needs to have food to grow, develop and reproduce
 Reason raises them above the level of  As a sentient being, he/she needs sensory
beast and enables them to know the perception to gain knowledge.
principles of suitable living.  As rational animal, he/she needs the power of
 According to Mencius, “Every human thought, reason and cognition.
being can become a sage king, that is, anyone  The human person is given free will to choose ,
can gain the wisdom to rule. decide, or shape his/her life, he/she is always
3. Socialism – human being readily engages in responsible in his actions.
cooperative social activities.  A human person is capable in knowing, loving
 Marx believes that the man is driven and believing which leads him/her to be fully aware
primarily by a desire for economic gains. of his/her humanity.
 In his “Das Kapital” he consider the
human person as a social animals if he/she Sociological Views
fails to relate actively with others and  A perspective is a particular way of looking at
nature, loses himself and becomes alienated, and seeing something.
drives lose human qualities.  Salcedo 2004, states that people look at this
4. Fascism – holds that what matters most is the social world or at the various ways that human
country himself . beings behave in a social way.
 Human can prosper only when the nation  When we talk about society, we are referring to
prospers. the behavior of human beings.
 His/her fate is merely secondary when it comes  Sociologist not necessarily see the social world
to the country. from exactly the same perspective, neither do they
 Like the conservatives, fascist contend that always agree about what they see, how behavior
some human beings are internally and racially could or should be understood.
better than others.
San Juan 2007, proposes some common ideas about
the human persons:
Classical Greek Views
 1. Human person are social animals – we need to 1. Physiological needs – include the biological and
coopearte with others in some way to create the basic needs such as water, food, shelter, warmth
social world in which to live. and clothing. They are essential for survival.
2. The human person’s social behavior is learned, 2. Safety needs – include security and protection
not instinctive. - we have to learn from the from physical and emotional harm.
moment we born. 3. Social needs – affection, a sense of belongings
3. To understand the human person person’s social and friendship, which seek people to overcome
behavior, we have to focus our attention on the feelings of loneliness and alienation.
groups to which people belong. 4. Self-esteem – achievements, mastery, and
4. Sociology discipline that looks into the totality of confidence derived from recognition, respect and
relationship in an individuals' life. attention. When this are satisfied the person feels
 Sociologist do not restrict their studies to confident and valuable. However, when they are
a single dimension of an individual’s life, not met, the person feels inferior, week, helpless
although each of these areas is significant and worthless.
and interesting in varying degrees. 5. Self-Actualization – a person has reached the
> Sociologist do not reject the contribution of other peak of his/her potential.
social sciences.
> Sociology as an academic discipline itself, human Maslow’s theory points out that a person needs to
beings are not one dimensional but rather multi- satisfy first the lower needs before realizing his/her
dimensional. self worth and potential.
 He also maintains that self-actualization is the
Hierarchy of Needs – the guiding principle in realizing driving force of human personality.
a person competence and ability is that exploration of
his/her personality in the field of humanistic According to Roger’s person-centered therapy theory, every
psychology, person has within him/her an inherent desire for a positive
 Which theorizes that a person’s behavior and transformation.
his/her relationship with others are shaped by
his/her inner feelings and self-image.

Maslow presented the levels of a hierarchy of needs in

his theory of personality:
 CHAPTER 3 2. All people eat, talk and sing but they eat a
variety of food, speak several of languages, and
sing different songs. The difference lies in the
Preamble
way these elements are ranked, combined, or
- Is an introductory and preliminary statement in a emphasized.
document that explains the document’s purpose and
underlying Philosoph. - China, honesty and hardwork may rank highest.
- Chinese and Japanese culture greatly value politeness
Preamble to the Constitution of the Philippines and beauty.
- American culture highlights promptness and efficiency.
- Dictates that the Philippines and the Filipino people are - Filipino culture emphasizes spirituality and family
the sovereign masters of the Philippine Islands. centeredness.

Philosophy Values 3. Human values in the Filipino context take on

distinctive set of Filipino meanings and
- It is necessary in understanding the Filipino values such motivations.
as family closeness and solidarity. - Fr. Horacio de la Costa – Calls the Filipino
“Nationalistic”
Values
Filipino value is not a discrete item which exist alone,
- Are both subjective and objective in isolation.
- They involved a subject or person who values and an - Filipino values like bahala na, utan na loob, pakikisama
object to be realized. and pakiusap are clastered around core values like
social acceptance, economic, security and social
Filipino Values mobility.

1. Greek ideal of moderation or meden agan, The 4. Values in the sense of historical consciousness
Roman in medio stat virtus, and the Confucian had evolved among the Filipino people leading
and Buddhist doctrine of the middle way or to the concept of justice evolving from
path, find their Filipino value in “walang labis”, inequality to equality and to human dignity.
“walang kulang”
 Some highlights from “A Moral Recovery Program:
Building a People- Building a Nation” by Patricia
From Historical Perspective: Licuanan (1988)

- The question ask about Filipino values is “Ganito kami 1. The Family and Home
noon: paano kayo ngayon?” Environment
- We need both external structural and internal culture - Child bearing practices, family relations and family
change. attitudes and orientation are the main components of
this.
Good Citizenship Values 2. The Social Environment
- Main components are social structures and social
1. Love for God or Pagkamaka-Dyos system such as interpersonal, religious and community
- Philippine is the only Christian Nation in Asia. interaction.
- Religious is a prime Filipino value. - Social environment of the Filipino characterized by a
FEUDAL STRUCTURE with great gaps between the
2. Love for Fellowmen or Pagkamaka-Tao rich minority and the poor majority.
- St. PAUL define loves in a different way: - This feudal develops dependence and passivity.
 Love is Patient - Sensitivity about hurting established relationships
 Love is never fails controls our behaviour.
 Love is eternal 3. Culture and Language
- It is the strongest force within the human community. - Cultural values such as warmth and person orientation ,
devotion to family and sense of joy and humor.
3. Love for Country or Pagkamaka- Bayan - Filipno culture are also characterized by openness to the
4. Love for Environment outside world which easily incorporates foreign
- Human interventions are important to derive the full elements without a basic consciousness of our cultural
benefits from natural resources but such intervention core.
have at times gone beyond the limit. - Introduction of English as the medium od education de-
Filipinized the youth and taught them to regard
American culture as superior.
- Contribute also to a lack of self-confidenceon the part
Roots of the Filipino Character of the Filipino.
 5. History 10. Mass Media
- We are the product of colonial history, regarded by - Reinforce colonial mentality
many as the culprit behind our lack of nationalism and - The tendency of media to produce escapist movie, soap
our colonial mentality operas, comics etc feed the Filipinos’ passivity. Rather
- Colonialism developed a mindset in the Filipino which than confront our poverty and o[[[ression, we fantasize
encourage us to think of the colonial power as superior instead.
and more powerful. - The propensity to use flashy sets, designer, clothes,
superstar and other bongga features reinforce Porma.
6. The Educational System
- The lack of suitable local textbooks and dependence on 11. Leadership and Role Model
foreign textbooks, particularly in the higher school - Filipinos look up to their leaders as role models.
levels. - Political leaders are the main models, but all other
- Aside from influences of the formal curriculum, there leaders serve as role model as well.
are the influences of the “hidden curriculum”

7. Religion
- Root of the Filipino optimism and capacity to accept Nationalism and Patriotism
life’s hardship.
Nationalism
8. The Economic Environment
- Many local traits are rooted in the poverty and hard life - Is generally used to describe to things.
that is the lot of most Filipinos. - First, is the attitude of the members towards member of
- Our difficulties drive us to take a risk, impel us to work nation which includes the concepts of national identity,
very hard. Poverty has also become an excuse for graft origin, ethnicity and cultural ties.
and corruption. - Second, Is the action that the members of a nation take
when seeking to achieve or stustain full statehood .
9. The Political Environment
- Characterized by a centralization of power. Patriotism
- Political power is concentrated in the hands of the elite
and the participation of most Filipinos often limited to - Is love of and devotion to one’s county.
voting in election.
 - Comes from the Greek word “Patris” meaning social activities experienced during the five stages of
“fatherland” human being’s life.
- Nationalism is not necessarily considered an inherent - According to Encyclopedia Britannica (2012) states
part of patriotism. that the human being have a typical life course

Development of Nationalism and Priotism in the MOTIVATION

Philippines
- Encompasses the internal and external factors thae
stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually
- Nationalism characterized by the attachment of
interested committed to a job, role or subject.
superiority to one’s country, maintaining a - It is a result of interaction among conscious and
highly regard and respect for its laws, principles unconscious factors such as
and society. a. Intensity of desire or need
- A country is an artificial body op people that b. Incentive or reward value of the goal
need protection and identity. c. Expectation of the individual and his significant
others.
- It became the main ideology of the first Asian
- According to Swindell (2012), motivation means the
nationalist uprising, the Philippine Revolution drive and ambition needed to achieve our goals.
of 1896. Spain already ruled the Philppines for
about 333 years before the Philippine Good Leadership
nationalism was developed.
- Leadership pertains to the qualities exemplified by a
leader.
- It also refers to acts of leading or the “Process of social
influence in which one person can enlist the aid and
CHAPTER 4 support of others in the accomplishment of a common
task.
Human Behavior

- According to businessdictionary.com, human

behaviour is the “capacity o mental, emotional and
Characteristics of a Good Leader dejected, good leaders manage to stay focused
and steady regardless of the situation.
1. Vision – Good leaders know where they want to
go and they can motivate people to believe in
their country, community and family.
2. Wit – can make sound judgments and decision Maxwell (1999)
even during crucial situations.
3. Passion – Good leaders are very passionate and - The leaders should recognize, develops and refine
intensely obsessed in whatever they are focused. certain personal characteristics needed to be a truly
4. Compassion – show compassion for their effective, the kind of leader people will want to follow.
supporters and followers. They are not selfish
who think only about their own wants and Some trait of the leaders:
needs. They have a heart for others.
5. Charisma – Good leaders are captivating, 1. Character – is the quality of a person’s behaviour as
charming individuals who tend to draw people revealed by his/her habits, thoughts and expressions,
toward them. They excel in building attitudes and interest, actions and personal philosophies in
relationships and eliciting performance from life.
their groups. 2. Charisma – is a special spiritual gift bestowed temporarily
6. Communication Skills – usually a great orators by the holy spirit in a group for the general good. It is an
and persuaders. They can express their ideas extraordinary power in a person which takes hold of
clearly and convincingly. popular imagination and wins popular support.
7. Persistence – they are determined to attain their 3. Commitment – engages one to do something as
goals in spite of the obstacles and problems continuing obligation.
8. Integrity – they mean what they say. They walk 4. Communication – is a two way process of reaching
the talk, practice what they speak and keep their mutual understanding in which a participants do not only
promises. They are reliable. exchange information but also create and share meaning.
9. Daring – willing to take a risk and determined to 5. Competence – Indicates a sufficiency of knowledge and
chase their dreams amid the reality of fear and skills that enable someone to act in a wide variety of
uncertainty. situations. It is the capacity of a person to understand a
10. Discipline – they observe self-control and order. situation and to respond to it accordingly.
Where most people are easy distracted or 6. Courage – is the quality of the mind that enables a person
to face difficulty and danger without fear.
 a. Charisma – it influenced envisioning and building
confidence, and he/she sets high standards to be followed.
Transformational Leadership **** b. Inspirational Motivation – provides followers with
challenges and meanings/reasons for engaging on shared
Bass (1990) explains that transformational is a form of goals and undertakings.
leadership that occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the c. Intellectual Stimulation – moves followers to question
interest of their employees, when they generate awareness and assumptions and generate more creative solution to a
acceptance of the purpose and mission of the group and when problem.
they stimulate their employees to look beyond their own self- d. Individualized Consideration – leaders treat each
interest for the good of the group. followers as an individual and provides coaching,
mentoring and growth opportunities.
Transactional and Transformational Leadership
Seven Habits of Highly Effective People
Transactional Leadership
1. Be proactive – being able to take responsibility for
- Based on power that makes use of rewards and coercion your life. You have the freedom to choose your
to deliver benefits to members (patronage), or to force behaviour and response to stimuli.
or instill fear as illustrated by colonization, vote buying 2. Begin with the end mind – Know where you want to
and similar methods. go. Envision your goal and make it happen.
3. Put first thing first – Practice self-management.
Transformational Leadership Know your priorities.
4. Think win-win – Look at life as cooperative arena, not
- Or real leadership starts from recognition of what the a competitive one. Enter arguments or make solutions
members need and the steps toward achieving these that are mutually beneficial and satisfying to both
needs and relating rewards to effort. parties.
5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood. –
Behaviors of a Transformational Leader The best way to understand is to listen. It is about
putting yourself in someone else’s shoes. By listening
(On the book) to a person’s explanation, only then can you evaluate
probe, give advice and interpret his/her feelings.
Four Components of transformational Leadership ****
 6. Synergize – synergize is the habit of creative
cooperation. Better results can be produced as a group
than as individuals. Group Dynamics
7. Sharpen the Saw – Effective leaders should know
how to use humor to energize his followers. Humor is a - The social process by which people interact in a small
form of power that provides some control over the group and in a face-to-face manner is called group
work environment even as it fosters camaraderie. dynamics.
- Dynamics comes from the Greek word “dunamis”
Time Management **** which means “force”. Group dynamics then refers to
the study of the forces operating within a group.
- Is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling and
budgeting one’s time for the purpose of generating Types of Groups
more effective work and productivity.
 Primary Group – characterized by intimate face to
Decision Making face association and cooperation among its
members. Its fundamentally forms the social nature
- Is a process that involves selecting the most logical and ideals of an individual. It involves sympathy
choice from among two or more options. and mutual identification which is a form of natural
expression.
Consider the following in decision-making:
 Secondary Group – consist of members who are
- Identification of alternative solutions. aware and cognizant of personal relationships, but
- Evaluation of possible options to determine which one they do not feel that their lives are bound with one
meets the decision objectives. another except in time of social crisis.
- Selection of best options after an in-dept. evaluation.
- The members may be separated from one another by
distance or by lack of personal physical contact. They
can share interest through correspondence, press, radio,
CHAPTER 5 telephone or other means.

Fundamentals of Group Dynamics

Kinds of Formal Groups

- Formal groups are divided into following:

 Command group are specified by the organization

chart and often composed of a leader and the
members who directly report to him/her.
Ex: an academic department consisting of a chair
and faculty members.

 Task group consist of people who work together to

achieve a common task. Members are brought
together to accomplish a narrow range of goals
within a specified time.
Ex: Ad hoc committees, project groups, standing
committees.

 Functional Group are created by an organization to

accomplish specific goals within an unspecified
time frame. They continue to functions even after
their goals have been achieved.
Ex: A sales and marketing management.