KLINGERSIL

C-4430
A Universal material with
outstanding stress retention
and resistance to hot water
and steam

KLINGERSIL® C-4430
Optimum combination of
synthetic fibres bonded
with NBR.
Resistant to water and steam
at higher temperatures as well
as to oils, gases, salt solutions,
fuels, alcohols, moderate
organic and inorganic acids,
hydrocarbons, lubricants and
refrigerants.

www.klinger.co.at
KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Flanged joint integrity

The many and varied demands Selecting gaskets with
100 Material thickness 1 mm
made on gaskets pT diagrams
3
A common perception is that the The KLINGER pT diagram provides 90

suitability and tightness of a gasket guidelines for determining the suit- 80

2
for any given application depends ability of a particular gasket material 70
upon the maximum temperature for a specific application based on 60
and pressure conditions. This is not the operating temperature and 50
the case. pressure only.
40
Maximum temperature and Additional stresses such as
30 1
pressure values alone can not fluctuating load may significantly
20
define a material’s suitability for an affect the suitability of a gasket in

p i bar
application. These limits are depen- the application and must be con-
dent upon a multiplicity of factors as sidered separately. 0
-200 -100 0°C 100 200 300 400
shown in the picture below. It is al-
ways advisable to consider these Areas of Application
Material thickness 2 mm
factors when selecting a material for 1 In area one, the gasket material 100

a given application. is normally suitable subject to 90

3
chemical compatibility. 80

70 2
flange 2 In area two, the gasket materials
60
may be suitable but a technical
50
medium bolt evaluation is recommended.
40

3 In area three, do not install the 30 1

gasket without a technical evalua- 20
p i bar

pressure installation tion.

0
-200 -100 0°C 100 200 300 400
Always refer to the chemical
tempe- process resistance of the gasket to the fluid.
rature control
100 Material thickness 3 mm

90
3
80
A statement about the expected 70 2
tightness of the flange connection
60
is only possible if a qualified and
50
defined installation of the gasket
has been executed. 40

In facilities, for which limited 30 1

emission requirements acc. to 20
p i bar

TA-Luft are specified, the guideline

VDI 2290 for the evaluation of the 0
-200 -100 0°C 100 200 300 400
technical tightness of flange con-
nections has to be considered.
As the maximum operating pres-
sure and load bearing capability
are both depending on the gas-
ket thickness, KLINGER provides
thickness related pT diagrams.
 KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Flanged joint integrity / Tightness of flange connections

KLINGER Hot and Cold High temperature tightness Stabilisation time for each reading is
Compression Test Method High temperature tightness is two hours and a new test specimen
The KLINGER Hot Compression measured by means of the KLIN- is used for every gasket load and
Test was developed by KLINGER GER Hot Compression test under temperature.
as a method to test the load defined constant gasket load and The tightness is analysed with a
bearing capabilities of gasket mate- temperature with increasing internal massflow meter. The pressure is
rials under hot and cold conditions. pressures using nitrogen as test controlled by pressure controller.
In contrast to the BS 7531 fluid.
and DIN 52913 tests, the KLINGER
Compression test maintains a 2,6

Leak mg/(sm)
constant gasket stress throughout
2,6 2,2

Leak mg/(sm)
the entire hot compression test. Gasket
This subjects the gasket to more load 2,2 1,8
severe conditions. 15 MPa 1,8 1,4
This test method is specified in 1,4 1,0
DIN 28090-2:2014 in short-term
1,0 0,6
test.
0,6 0,2
The thickness decrease is mea- 0,2 100
80
sured at an ambient temperature of 0 50
60
100 40
23°C after applying the gasket load. 150 200 20
250 300
This simulates assembly. Temperature °C Gas pressure bar
Temperatures up to 300°C
are then applied and the additional 2,6

Leak mg/(sm)
thickness decrease is measured.
2,6 2,2
Leak mg/(sm)

This simulates the first start up Gasket

phase. load 2,2 1,8
25 MPa 1,8 1,4
60 60
Thickness decrease %

1,4 1,0
Thickness decrease %

50 50
40 40 1,0 0,6
30 30 0,6 0,2
20 20
10 0,2 100
10 80
0 0 0 60
220 180 400 50 100 40
300 150 200 20
140 100 200 250 300
60 20 100
0 Temperature °C Gas pressure bar
Stress MPa Temperature °C

The diagram shows the additional thickness 2,6

Leak mg/(sm)

decrease at temperature.
2,6 2,2
Leak mg/(sm)

Gasket
load 2,2 1,8
35 MPa 1,8 1,4
1,4 1,0
1,0 0,6
0,6 0,2
0,2 100
80
0 60
50 100 40
150 200 20
250 300
Temperature °C Gas pressure bar
KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Tightness of flange connections / Application and Installation instructions

Specific requirements on the The higher the initial surface pres- The following guidelines are
tightness of flange connections sure of the gasket, the safer the designed to ensure the optimum
With heightened awareness of required tightness in operating con- performance of a reliable flange
safety and environmental issues, dition can be achieved. connection.
reducing leaks from flanged assem- The maximum permissible
1. Choosing the gasket
blies has become a major priority surface pressure of the gasket in
There are many factors which
for industry. It is therefore important operating condition may not be
must be taken into account when
for companies who use gaskets to exceeded.
choosing a gasket material for a
choose the correct material for the The sealing calculation program
given application including tempe-
job and install and maintain it cor- KLINGER®expert contains impor-
rature, pressure and chemical com-
rectly to ensure optimum perfor- tant information regarding the per-
patibility.
mance. formance of KLINGER sealing
Please refer to the information
In facilities, for which limited materials.
given in our brochure or, for advice
emission requirements acc. to TA-
to our software program
Luft or the compliance with tight- Discontinuous operation
KLINGER®expert.
ness classes are required, often If the gasket is to be subjected
If you have any questions regar-
with increasing internal pressures to non-static loading and stress
ding the suitability of a material for
high surface pressures have to be fluctuations due to temperature
a given application please contact
applied. and pressure cycling, it is advisable
KLINGER Technical Department.
For such operating conditions to select a gasket material which is
the plant operator has to verify, that less prone to embrittlement with 2. Media Resistance
the required flange connections are increasing temperatures (e.g. Attention has to be paid on the fact
also suitable to bear these demands KLINGER® graphite laminate, that the media resistance of the
without mechanical overloading. KLINGER® top-chem, KLINGER® gasket material is also given under
Only gasket materials with a Quantum). operating conditions. In general,
TA-Luft-certificate may be used. higher compressed gaskets show a
The required tightness and stress In cyclic loading conditions we better resistance to media influen-
analysises acc. to EN 1591-1 (or recommend a minimum surface ces than less compressed gaskets.
comparable) have to be carried out stress of 30 MPa. In such cases the
3. Gasket thickness – Gasket
with specific gasket factors acc. gasket thickness should be as thin
width
to EN 13555. The assembly of the as technically possible.
A generally binding rule to deter-
gasket has to be executed solely For safety and functional reasons
mine the required gasket thickness
by qualified assembly personnel never re-use gaskets.
doesn’t exist. The gasket chosen
(EN 1591-4:2013).
should be as thin as technically
Only the controlled tightening of
possible. In most cases, at small
the bolts assures that the assembly
and medium nominal diameters, a
bolt load is within the required nar-
thickness of 2 mm is sufficient. To
row tolerances.
ensure optimum performance a mi-
nimum thickness/width ratio of 1/5
Tightness of flange connections
is required (ideally 1/10).
in operating condition
The flange connection will remain 4. Flange connection
tight as long as the surface pressure Ensure all remains of old gasket
on the gasket in service is higher materials are removed and the
than the required minimum surface flanges are clean, in good condition
pressure for a certain tightness and parallel.
class L.
KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Application and Installation instructions

5. Gasket compounds 8. Joint assembly 10. Retightening
Ensure all gaskets are installed in a It is recommended that the bolts are Provided that the above guidelines
dry state, the use of gasket com- tightened using a controlled method are followed retightening of the
pounds is not recommended as such as torque or tension, this will gasket after joint assembly should
this has a detrimental effect on the lead to greater accuracy and con- not be necessary.
stability and load bearing characte- sistency than using conventional If retightening is considered ne-
ristics of the material. In its uncom- methods of tightening. If using a cessary, then this should only be
pressed form the gasket can ab- torque wrench, ensure that it is performed at ambient temperature
sorb liquid, and this may lead to accurately calibrated. before or during the first start-up
failure of the gasket in service. For torque settings please refer phase of the pipeline or plant.
To aid gasket removal KLINGER to the KLINGER®expert or contact Retightening of compressed fibre
materials are furnished with a non our Technical Department which will gaskets at higher operating tempe-
sticking finish. be happy to assist you. ratures and longer operating times
In difficult installation conditions, Carefully fit the gasket into po- may lead to a failure of the gasket
separating agents such as dry sition taking care not to damage the connection and possible blow out.
sprays based on molybdenum sul- gasket surface.
phide or PTFE e.g. KLINGERflon® When torquing, tighten bolts in 11. Low temperature area
spray, may be used, but only in three stages to the required torque KLINGER gaskets are also applica-
minimal quantities. Make sure that as follows: ble at low temperatures without any
the solvents and propellants are Finger tighten nuts. Carry out problems. The assurance of the
completely evaporated. tightening, making at least three required surface pressure in the
complete diagonal tightening se- complete temperature range, is the
6. Gasket dimension quences i.e. 30%, 60% and 100% precondition for the tightness of the
Ensure gasket dimensions are of final torque value. Continue with flange connection.
correct. The gasket should not in- one final pass – torquing the bolts/
trude into the bore of the pipework studs in a clockwise sequence. 12. Re-use
and should be installed centrally. If certain tightness classes For safety and functional reasons
should be achieved in critical plants, never re-use gaskets.
7. Bolting the installation of the gasket has to
Wire brush stud/bolts and nuts be executed by qualified and com-
(if necessary) to remove any dirt on petent assembly personnel (acc. to KLINGER®expert
the threads. Ensure that the nuts EN 1591-4), without exception. the powerful sealing calculation.
can run freely down the thread be- The powerful calculation program
fore use. 9. Tightness of the flange con- for the skilled personnel.
Apply lubricant to the bolt and to nection KLINGER®expert’s data base con-
the nut threads as well as to the Basically the tightness depends on tains standard flanges, bolt details
face of the nut to reduce friction the applied surface pressure during and a comprehensive catalogue of
when tightening. We recommend installation, as well as on the remai- media to help the user design joints,
the use of a bolt lubricant which ning surface pressure in the opera- select materials and calculate instal-
ensures a friction coefficient of ting condition. lation values.
about 0.10 to 0.14. Gaskets installed with high sea- Free download.
ting stresses exhibit a longer service App for Android and Apple also
life than gaskets installed with lower available.
compressive stresses.
KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Gasket factors acc. to EN 13555

Maximum permissible surface To validate the test result 220
pressure under operating of QSmax, PQR values are 200
200 200
condition QSmax acc. to EN 13555 provided. An evaluation of the 180
200 200 200 200
The maximum surface pressure in tested gasket regarding 160
operating condition is the maximum unacceptable extrusion 140
permissible surface pressure the in the bore or damage of the 120
gasket can be loaded at the speci- gasket is also required.
100
fied temperatures.
80
60

QSmax MPa
40
20
0
23°C
100°C
The diagram shows these values for 175°C
200°C
the various temperature ratings. Temperature °C 250°C
300°C

Creep relaxation factor PQR PQR values for stiffness 500 kN/mm, gasket thickness 2 mm
acc. to EN 13555 Temperature Gasket stress PQR at QSmax
This factor considers the relaxation 30 MPa 50 MPa QSmax (MPa)
influence on the gasket load bet-
23°C 0.96 0.96 0.99 200
ween the tightening of the bolts and
the long-term effect of the service 100°C 0.89 0.93 0.94 200
temperature. 175°C 0.85 0.92 0.91 200
200°C 0.82 0.91 0.90 200
250°C 0.79 0.86 0.88 200
300°C 0.66 0.79 0.86 200

Secant unloading modulus of the gasket EG and gasket thickness eG acc. to EN 13555
Secant unloading modulus of the gasket EG (MPa) and gasket thickness eG (mm)
Gasket Ambient Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
stress temperature 100°C 175°C 200°C 250°C 300°C

EG eG EG eG EG eG EG eG EG eG EG eG
MPa MPa mm MPa mm MPa mm MPa mm MPa mm MPa mm
1 1.907 1.954 1.925 1.889 1.915 1.940
20 1210 1.752 1436 1.762 1983 1.729 1989 1.712 2273 1.711 6809 1.728
30 1768 1.716 1790 1.736 2257 1.712 3682 1.697 3298 1.696 5337 1.715
40 3015 1.691 2725 1.712 3498 1.695 2746 1.677 5241 1.681 5347 1.702
50 4168 1.671 3265 1.690 3724 1.677 3906 1.659 4057 1.667 4934 1.688
60 4668 1.651 3988 1.671 3836 1.660 5728 1.644 7982 1.655 7451 1.677
80 11940 1.625 4984 1.643 4546 1.634 7336 1.622 7706 1.637 6117 1.660
100 13194 1.605 5643 1.620 5288 1.613 9280 1.600 12756 1.623 6078 1.645
120 10754 1.589 6691 1.601 6042 1.591 7341 1.578 11641 1.608 7071 1.633
140 14966 1.577 6634 1.581 5920 1.569 8404 1.557 10228 1.594 8684 1.622
160 14964 1.567 7027 1.564 6502 1.548 7974 1.534 14201 1.583 9642 1.613
180 14279 1.558 9764 1.548 7772 1.531 10432 1.518 10645 1.569 9271 1.604
200 14791 1.550 9764 1.530 9439 1.513 9702 1.497 9275 1.554 9831 1.596
KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Gasket factors acc. to EN 13555

Minimum surface pressure Qmin(L) Minimum surface pressure
acc. to EN13555 (Installation) QSmin(L) acc. to EN13555
The minimum surface pressure (Operating condition)
during installation is the minimum The minimum surface pressure in
required surface pressure, which service is the minimum required
has to be applied on the gasket surface pressure, which has to be
surface during assembly at room applied on the gasket surface under
temperature. operating conditions, i.e. after un-
This is to assure that the gasket can loading during service, in order to
adjust to the roughness of the keep the required tightness class L
flange surfaces, that internal lea- for the specified internal pressure.
kage paths can be tightened and
that the required tightness class L
for the specified internal pressure
will be achieved.

1E+0
Minimum stress to seal for tightness class L p = 10 bar
Qmin(L) at assembly/ QSmin(L) after off-loading 10 bar Loading curve
1E-1 Unloading curve
L Qmin(L) QSmin(L) MPa Qmin
QSmin
mg/ QA= QA= QA= QA= QA= 1E-2
sxm MPa 20 MPa 40 MPa 60 MPa 80 MPa 100 MPa
10-0 10 5 5 5 5 5 1E-3
10-1 10 5 5 5 5 5
10-2 19 16 5 5 5 5 1E-4
Leakage mg/m x s

10-3 32 11 5 5 5
-4 1E-5
10 46 10 6 5
10-5 64 16 9
1E-6
-6
10 91 52
QA = Stress on the gasket during installation before unloading 1E-7
0 20 40 60 80 100
Gasket stress MPa

1E+1
Minimum stress to seal for tightness class L p = 40 bar
Qmin(L) at assembly/ QSmin(L) after off-loading 40 bar Loading curve
1E+0 Unloading curve
L Qmin(L) QSmin(L) MPa Qmin
QSmin
mg/ QA= QA= Q A= QA= QA= 1E-1
sxm MPa 20 MPa 40 MPa 60 MPa 80 MPa 100 MPa
10-0 11 10 10 10 10 10 1E-2
10-1 18 10 10 10 10 10
10-2 29 10 10 10 10 1E-3
Leakage mg/m x s

10-3 41 10 10 10
-4
1E-4
10 54 18 10 10
10-5 71 27 17
1E-5

QA = Stress on the gasket during installation before unloading 1E-6

0 20 40 60 80 100
Gasket stress MPa
KLINGERSIL C-4430
®

Technical values
Resistant to water and steam Typical values for thickness 2.0 mm
at higher temperatures as well as Compressibility ASTM F 36 J % 9
to oils, gases, salt solutions,
Recovery ASTM F 36 J % 55
fuels, alcohols, moderate organic
and inorganic acids, hydrocar- Stress relaxation DIN 52913 50 MPa, 16 h/175°C MPa 39
bons, lubricants and refrigerants. 50 MPa, 16 h/300°C MPa 35
Stress relaxation BS 7531 40 MPa, 16 h/300°C MPa 31
■ Basis KLINGER cold/hot compression thickness decrease at 23°C % 8
Optimum combination of synthetic 50 MPa thickness decrease at 300°C % 11
fibres bonded with NBR.

Specific leakrate λ
Tightness DIN 28090-2 mg/s x m 0.05
■ Dimensions VDI 2440 mbar x l/s x m 2.13E-05
of the standard sheets Thickness increase after fluid oil IRM 903: 5 h/150°C % 3
Sizes: immersion ASTM F 146 fuel B: 5 h/23°C % 5
1,000 x 1,500 mm, g/cm3
Ω 4.1x10E13
Density 1.8
2,000 x 1,500 mm.
Ω cm 4.5x10E12
Average surface resistance ρO
Thicknesses:
Average specific volume resistance ρD
0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm,
2.0 mm, 3.0 mm; Average dielectric strength Ed kV/mm 21.3
Tolerances: Average power factor 50 Hz tan δ 0.03
Thickness acc. DIN 28091-1, εr
λ
Average dielectric coefficient 50 Hz 6.7
length ± 50 mm, width ± 50 mm. Thermal conductivity W/mK 0.38
ASME-Code sealing factors Leakage DIN 28090
Other thicknesses, sizes and
for gasket thickness 1.0 mm tightness class 0.1 mg/s x m MPa y 20
tolerances on request.
m 1.1
■ Surfaces for gasket thickness 2.0 mm tightness class 0.1 mg/s x m MPa y 20
KLINGERSIL® gasket materials are m 1.6
generally furnished with surfaces of for gasket thickness 3.0 mm tightness class 0.1 mg/s x m MPa y 20
low adhesion. m 2.2
On request, graphite facings and
Classification acc. to BS 7531:2006 Grade AX
other surface finishes on one or
both sides are also available.

■ Function and durability

The performance and service life of ■ Tests and approvals
KLINGER gaskets depend in large BAM-tested
measure on proper storage and DIN-DVGW
fitting, factors beyond the manufac- DIN-DVGW W 270
tor’s control. We can, however, DVGW VP 401
vouch for the excellent quality of our Elastomer-Guideline
products. WRAS approval
German Lloyd
With this in mind, please also TA-Luft (Clean air)
observe our installation instructions. Fire-Safe acc. to DIN EN ISO 10497
Fire-Safe acc. to ISO 19921

Certified according to Rich. Klinger Dichtungstechnik GmbH & Co KG

DIN EN ISO 9001:2008 Am Kanal 8-10
A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen, Austria
Phone +43 (0) 2252/62599-137
Fax +43 (0) 2252/62599-296
Subject to technical alterations. e-mail: marketing@klinger.co.at
Status: September 2015 http://www.klinger.co.at