PR1 For Research Report Humss For EAPP

ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G.
BERNADINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

LIAS, MARILAO, BULACAN
THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION AMONG GRADE ELEVEN

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
STUDENTS OF ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO
MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL
A Research Report
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
EAPP Subject
Bautista, Hannah Joselle

Cunanan, Janine
Dela Cruz, Gina
Adajar, Ivan Daniel
Bonifacio, Neil Angelo
Española, John Mike
Mercado, Angelo Warren D.
March 2019
ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND
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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNADINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

JANUARY 2019 2

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CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
INTRODUCTION
Sleep deprivation is a form of psychological torture inflicted by depriving

the victim to sleep. It is a widespread phenomenon which can affect the other
functions of the body. The effects of it includes alertness and cognitive
performance, working memory, attention which decrease the brain function and
activity. Level of distractions hinder sleep deprived person memories and challenge
the to successfully complete their tasks. It also decreases your strength that weakens
a person’s immune system. “Sleep's what we need. Sleep deprivation produces an
emptiness in us into which sooner or later energies flow.” (Cage, 1967). Adequate
sleep is essential for general healthy functioning. Each individual need sleep to
perform well. However, the lack of an adequate sleep has shown adverse effects
that worsen academic performances. Some people are unaware of the effects of

JANUARY 2019 4
sleep deprivation, how it affects their lifestyle, their health and what other
consequences.
It might interest you to know that humans spend one third of their lives
sleeping. The current situation of the world is quite easier for a cattle to pass through
a needle than for an average human to prioritize a good night sleep. Unfortunately,
voluntary sleep deprivation is an offense committed by both the learned and the
unlearned. 'Voluntary' in this context means that the individual involved
intentionally stays awake despite feeling drowsy.
However, though career driven personalities, students, and administrators

have tangible reasons (such as important business deals, all-night study sessions,
etc.) for depriving themselves of quality sleep. The fact is that, these reasons are
not capable of excepting one from the impending consequences of sleep
deprivation.
Senior High School students under STEM strand experience sleep

deprivation that leads them to different health problems. Sleep is very important to
everybody and is essential but some students are not aware of the bad effects of
sleep deprivation.
THEORETICAL / CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study was theoretically anchored on the theory of Hibernation. Hibernation

Theory (Webb, 1974) is one of a number of evolutionary theories of sleep.
Evolutionary theories in general suggest that sleep evolved because it allows an
organism a greater chance of survival in a hostile environment. People claim that
they need sufficient sleep in order to perform well, in relation, if an individual rest
during sleep, a greater chance of survival are expected than those who lack in sleep.

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Therefore, the characteristic that helps them conserve energy is more likely to be
passed on to the next generation. Sleep helps an individual conserve energy in
number of ways.
For example:
• During sleep, behavioral activity stops, meaning less energy is spent on
movement.
• Body temperature and metabolic rate slow down, again, saving energy.
According to Restoration Theory (Oswald, 1995), the function of sleep is to

restore the body during periods of inactivity so that adequate biological functioning
is ensured. The tissues of the brain and body are repaired and the chemicals needed
for proper functioning are replenished. Oswald specifically claimed that when
Sleeping, biological processes restores that have been deteriorate during the day.
REM sleep replenishes and renews brain processes through the process of protein
synthesis.
According to Hershner and Chervin (2014), daytime sleepiness, sleep

deprivation, and irregular sleep schedules are highly prevalent among students, as
50% report daytime sleepiness and 70% attain insufficient sleep. The consequences
of sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness are especially problematic to students
and can result in lower grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure,
compromised learning, impaired mood, and increased risk of motor vehicle
accidents. This article reviews the current prevalence of sleepiness and sleep
deprivation among students, contributing factors for sleep deprivation, and the role
of sleep in learning and memory. The impact of sleep and sleep disorders on
academics, grade point average, driving, and mood will be examined. Most
importantly, effective and viable interventions to decrease sleepiness and sleep

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deprivation through sleep education classes, online programs, encouragement of

naps, and adjustment of class time will be reviewed.
Academic tasks
Time Management
Social media
Sufficient Sleep
SLEEP
DEPRIVATION
Good Healthy
Productivity Body
Cannot
Difficulty to
Impaired perform well
concentrate
Mood academically
in class

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study assessed to determine the effects of sleep deprivation of the Grade
Eleven students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics strand of
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School in Marilao,
Bulacan, Academic Year 2018-2019.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub-problems:

1. Do sleep deprivation can be avoided by STEM students?
2. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to STEM students?
3. What solution can a Stem students do to prevent this Sleep deprivation?
3. What implication can be drawn from the results of the study?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The study was conducted at Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial

Trade School. This study was limited to Grade 11 Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics students who are currently enrolled on the present
school year 2018- 2019. A full account of sleep deprivation is beyond the scope of
this study. Information detailing the science behind sleep deprivation is limited.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to identify how this study could help the students experiencing
sleep deprivation,that may affect their social, mental and physical health. It also
provides information to decrease the rate of this type of phenomenon that happens
specifically in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students.

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 Senior Highschool Students

The findings of this study would be helpful and beneficial to help them be aware
about the importance of an adequate sleep. Having appropriate time of rest can give
students enough energy in school activities. Just like actively participating in their
lessons and achieving good grades. The prevention of sleep deprivation also gives
student good mental health and well function body.
 Teachers
The findings of study would be helpful to Senior Highschool teachers to help
them improve their teaching, to be more productive and to help students avoid
major effects of sleep deprivation. Students who have proper rest and sleep will be
more productive during classes.
 Administration
Administration would able to know the factors affecting students about sleep
deprivation. With the help of this research, awareness of the importance of an
adequate sleep and the effects of sleep deprivation will increase to prevent worst
scenarios.
 Parents
The findings of this study would also be used to inform parents about the lack
of sleep on their children, be aware and for them to guide their children more.
 Future Researchers
This research would serve as a guide to the researchers and they would also
have more knowledge about the topic. By conducting this research, the researchers
have more understanding in the study of sleep deprivation.

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DEFINITION AND TERMS
The following key words are hereby defined either conceptually and
operationally.
 Deteriorate. The word deteriorate describes anytime something gets worse.

Due to neglect, a relationship can deteriorate but so can the American
highway system.
 Replenish. Restore (a stock or supply of something) to the former level or
condition.
 Hostile environment. Hostile work environment exists when one's behavior
within a workplace creates an environment that is difficult or uncomfortable
for another person to work in, due to discrimination.
 Interventions. Action taken to improve a situation, especially a medical
disorder.
 Viable. Capable of working successfully; feasible. Capable of surviving or
living successfully, especially under particular environmental conditions.
 Impaired moods. Cognitive and neurological impairment in mood disorders.
The lack of inability to enjoy what once was pleasurable (anhedonia) is also
a primary symptom and may occur during major depression in place of
depressed mood.
 Sleep Deprivation. A general term to describe a state caused by inadequate
quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or involuntary
sleeplessness and circadian rhythm sleep disorders

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CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents related literature and studies that provide theoretical
and empirical insights in relation to the present study
A review of studies concerning effects of sleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation and anxiety affect the moods and attitudes of the
residents. According to Samkoff, J. S., & Jacques, C. H. (1991), “Studies that dealt
with residents' moods and attitudes demonstrated deleterious effects of sleep
deprivation and fatigue. Residents' acuity on performance tests requiring prolonged
vigilance tended to deteriorate with acute sleep loss, while their performances on
most brief psychomotor tests measuring manual dexterity, reaction times (RTs),
and short-term recall were not adversely affected.”
Therefore, sleep-deprived residents may be more prone to errors on routine,
repetitive tasks and tasks that require sustained vigilance, which form a substantial
portion of residents' workload.
To the brain, sleep deprivation is 'like drinking too much
Maria Cohut (2017) mentioned that brain with experiencing sleep

deprivation was like drinking too much, “It was also found that brain cells that took
longer to respond were associated with slower brain waves — such as those
normally registered during sleep phases — and that this slow-motion activity was
located in the same brain regions.” It was supported by the study of David Geffen
School of Medicine at the University of Los Angeles, California (UCLA) and Tel
Aviv University in Israel, “The sleep deprivation that we all experience will affect
JANUARY 2019 11
our memory and deal with distorted visual perception. Will have a temporarily
impared of communication between neurons.”
In conclusion, lack of proper sleep will have a severe impact on how the
brain functions, with a dangerous consequence in our daily life. Sleep deprivation
shows some effects related to drinking too much alcohol because an overtired
human brain cannot properly work due to lack of sleep.
The Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Our Body
According to the recent study conducted by Ann Pietrangelo and Stephanie

Watson (2017), sleep deprivation drains a person mental ability and puts his/her
physical health at risk. A review of 16 studies have found out that sleeping for less
than 6-8 hours a night increases the risk of death at by 12%. They added that, “If
you’ve ever spent a night tossing and turning, you already know how you’ll feel
the next day — tired, cranky, and out of sorts. Sleep deprivation leaves your brain
exhausted, so it can’t perform its duties as well. You may also find it more difficult
to concentrate or learn new things. The signals your body sends may also come at
a delay, decreasing your coordination skills and increasing your risks for accidents.
If sleep deprivation continues long enough, you could start having hallucinations—
seeing or hearing things that aren’t there. A lack of sleep can also trigger mania in
people who have manic depression.”
Therefore, lack of sleep results to various cases which mostly affects the
whole body. The symptoms that usually shows are mood changes, memory issues,
risk of diabetes, troubled with thinking and concentration, accidents, high blood
pressure, and weight gain. Missing out on the recommended 7 to 9 hours of shut-
eye nightly does more than make you feel groggy and grumpy. The study clearly

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stated that sleep deprivation not only affect the human brain, but it also targets the
different systems of the body.
According to 2016 Health Living Index survey; the Philippines has one of
the highest rates of sleep deprivation in Asia, about 46 % of Filipinos don’t get
enough sleep, while 32% said they sleep for less than 6 hours.
They conducted a research about the most common cause of poor sleep quality; the
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). OSA is a serious condition that disrupts the cycle
of sleep which affects one’s energy, intellectual performance and long- term health.
They stated that, “Due to collapsed airways, a patient with OSA stops breathing
repeatedly, causing a disruption of sleep. Untreated OSA in the long run can
resulted life- threatening conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
abnormal heart rhythms, high blood pressure, and even stroke.” Sleep Society of
Philippines and Centuria Medical Makati collaborated with Philips, the global
leader in sleep and respiratory solutions to host a Sleep Apnea Forum. Sleep Apnea
Forum aims to educate health- care professionals on the diagnosis and treatment of
OSA.
In conclusion, various cases like OSA is one the major disease caused by
lack of sleep. Sleeping less than six hours or worst, working without sleeping for a
day worsens the Obstructive Sleep Apnea. But with the help of Philippine
organization, professionals who took the forum are able to help and overcome the
unawareness of such phenomena.
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance

Yusuf Patrick, Alice Lee, Oishik Raha, Kavya Pillai, Shubham Gupta,
Sonika Sethi, Felicite Mukeshimana, Lothaire Gerard, Mohammad U. Moghal,
Sohag N. Saleh, Susan F. Smith, Mary J. Morrell, and James Mosscor (2017)
studied the effects of a night of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical
performance in students university students, and has been associated with poor
academic performance and physical dysfunction.

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“The effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance has also been

documented previously with a correlation between sleep quality and grade point
average in first year university students. Moreover, sleep deprivation has been
shown to have a detrimental effect on certain aspects of working memory, such as
filtering efficiency, whilst Stroop test scores show degradation; however, this has
been evidenced to be due to deficits in reaction time rather than processing skills
Taken together, these data suggest that sleep deprivation may have a limited effect
on cognitive ability in university students.”
This study found that acute sleep deprivation has a significant effect on post
exercise blood pressure and reaction time in students. Most notably reduced
reaction times will impact competitive sports, and can pose a danger to safety
critical actions such as driving. However cognitive and neuro physical impairment
in other functions was not as widespread as previously thought. Overall, this study
found that an “all-nighter” does not affect a student’s cognitive ability, whilst
physical performance is significantly affected.
Sleep Insufficiency, Sleep Health Problems and Performance in High School

Students
Xue Ming, Rebecca Koransky, Victor Kang, Sarah Buchman, Christina E.

Sarris, and George C. Wagner conducted a survey on sleep schedule, sleep health,
school performance and school start times which includes 1,941 adolescents.
“Students with a sleep length of less than 7 hours on both weekdays and weekends
exhibited poorer performance, while those who made up this sleep loss on
weekends did not. The total number of poor sleep factors in an individual also
correlated with poor school performance.”, according to the authors respectively.

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They added, “It was observed that poor sleep quality, reduced total sleep
time and excessive daytime sleepiness negatively affected academic performance,
behavior, and social competence in adolescents. However, it is not known whether
multiple unfavorable sleep problems are more likely to be associated with poor
school performance. In addition, it is equally unclear whether early school start
times directly contribute to sleep insufficiency. Accordingly, the first objective of
this study was to assess whether multiple indicators of poor sleep were more likely
to be associated with a poorer school performance. School performance was
compared among students who had more than one sleep problem to those with only
a single problem or none.”
In the study of David Nutt, Sue Wilson, and Louise Paterson (2008)
objectifies that sleep deprivation and depression are connected to each other. They
linked the effects of sleep disturbance and depression which resulted serious case.
Some researcher highly suggested that a diagnosis of depression in the absence of
sleep complaints should be made with caution.
According to the survey they conducted, “About three quarters of depressed

patients have insomnia symptoms, and hypersomnia is present in about 40% of
young depressed adults and 10% of older patients, with a preponderance in females.
The symptoms cause huge distress, have a major impact on quality of life, and are
a strong risk factor for suicide. As well as the subjective experience of sleep
symptoms, there are well-documented changes in objective sleep architecture in
depression.”
This only shows that there is a very strong association between disturbance
and major depression. Therefore, there is a need for more successful management
of sleep disturbance in depression, in order to improve quality of life in these
patients and reduce an important factor in depressive relapse and recurrence.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
This chapter presents the research design, the sampling design, the
respondents of the study,the research instrument, Ethical consideration and the
data gathering procedure,
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers used the qualitative method which is characterized by an

interpretative paradigm and emphasizes subjective experiences and the meanings
they have for an individual. Therefore, the subjective views of a researcher on a
particular situation plays a vital part in the study result. Case study was one of the
first types of research to be used in the field of qualitative methodology. It is also
used in Social Sciences and have been found to be especially valuable in practice-
oriented fields.The study used non-probality sampling pecifically purposive
sampling to focus on particular characteristics of a population that are of interest
which will best enable the respondents to answers the research questions.
THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
In the study, only 20 Grade 11 STEM students from the total population of 1,019
Grade 11 Senior High School students at AFGBMTS are purposively chosen as the
respondents of the study. Students from other strand are not included in the study
because this study focuses only on STEM students.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

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The researcher used Survey questionnaire which involve two sets of

questionnaires the basic and the main questions section. Serve as the primary tool
to gather the data. It allows the formulation of any answer, rather than a selection
from a set of possible answers.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The researcher considered some ethical principles in research while

conducting the study. The research observed the principles of anonymity,
confidentiality, informed-consent and plagiarism. The identity of the respondents
was anonymous and the researchers make sure that they are well informed and was
given a consent to be involved in the study. Privacy of the research participants is
ensured and all their answers is done with honesty and transparency. The result of
the study was kept confidential and solely for research purposes only. Moreover,
participants were given the rights to withdraw from the study at any stage if they
wish to do so.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
A request letter for conducting the study would be submitted to the school
principal Dr. Rosauro A. Villanueva through the administration office of
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School after it was
evaluated The researchers asked a letter permission to their Research Adviser
Mrs. Maribeth A.Tabuzo to start gathering the data through survey. The
researchers have also communicated to the advisers of the Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students for their consent. After asking for
the consent of the respondents, The researchers distributed the questionnaires to the
respondents to gather the data.

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Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter contains the presentation, interpretation and analysis of data

that was obtained by the findings of 20 survey questionnaires completed by Grade
11 STEM students.
TABLE 1: The effects of sleep deprivation on self -productivity of STEM

students
Area of focus Verbatim Response Codes/ Themes

1. How does lack of P1. It makes me difficult Hard to concentrate in
sleep affect your
to memorize or recall class
and makes me moody
ability to P2. It makes me feel Feeling dizzy
concentrate, to dizzy
P3. It does not affect my No effect
think, and to ability to concentrate
learn? P4. It is difficult to Can not focus
memorize or recall, also
it is hard to multitask
P5. I can’t focus on what Can not focus
I’m trying to do
P6. It affects my Hard to concentrate in
concentration in my class
studies
P7. It’s hard for me to Cannot focus
focus on the teacher’s
discussion
P8. I can’t easily Hard to concentrate in
concentrate on what I do class
in class
P9. I have difficulty in Can not focus
concentrating because
all I want is to sleep

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P10. The memory and Hard to concentrate in

the brain is tired that is class
why it is hard to
concentrate
P11. It affects my Hard to concentrate in
concentration class
P12. I can’t focus too Can not focus
much because I feel
sleepy sometimes in
class
P13. I get sleepy in some Can not focus
subjects that affects my
reasoning
P14. I feel distracted and Can not focus
I can’t think properly
P15. I cannot focus so Can not focus
that I cannot think
properly
P16. It affects my brain I Hard to concentrate in
don’t have enough rest. class
I’m having trouble to
learn and to study which
affects my ability to
concentrate
P17. It is too difficult to Can not focus
focus and hard to think
and learn
P18. I usually feel tired Hard to concentrate in
and I can’t concentrate class
on every lesson
P19. It doesn’t affect me No effect
in class
P20. I can’t concentrate Hard to concentrate in
in some tasks class
Lack of sleep affects the ability to concentrate, to think and to learn in class
and also affects the academic performance. Most of the STEM students said that
the lack of sleep decreases their ability to focus on certain things. Some of the
students experienced difficulties in concentrating and some the participants stated
that the lack of sleep doesn’t affect their concentration and thinking. Least of them
is stated that they only feel dizzy when lacking in sleep.

JANUARY 2019 19
According to the study conducted by Ann Pietrangelo and Stephanie

physical health at risk. They added that, “If you’ve ever spent a night tossing and
turning, you already know how you’ll feel the next day — tired, cranky, and out of
sorts. Sleep deprivation leaves your brain exhausted, so it can’t perform its duties
as well. You may also find it more difficult to concentrate or learn new things.
TABLE 2: The effects of sleep deprivation on emotional well-being of STEM

students

2. How does sleep P1. Sometimes it Impaired mood
deprivation affect
changes my mood,
specially beast- mode
your emotional P2. I feel sad Impaired mood
well-being? P3. It doesn’t affect my Does not affects
mood at all
P4. for some instances, I Impaired mood
do easily feel angry
when I can’t get enough
sleep
P5. I easily get irritated Easily irritated
P6. I get irritated so
easily
P7. I tend to have mood Impaired mood
swings
P8. I easily feel irritated Easily irritated
P9. I cannot concentrate Impaired mood
like others
P10. Easily irritated with Easily irritated
the surroundings
P11. It affects my Impaired mood
feelings like irritated
because I can’t focus in
the discussion

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P12. It affects me in way Easily irritated

of being easily irritated
sometimes
P13. I easily get mad Impaired mood
P14. Easily irritated Easily irritated
P15. Easily irritated Easily irritated
P16. I’m not me when Exhausted
I’m sleepy and I feel
stressed, frustrated, and
sorrowful
P17. I become stubborn Impaired mood
and I easily change my
mood and attitude
P18. I feel
uncomfortable and I get Easily irritated
easily irritated
P19. Easily irritated
P20. Low self-esteem Easily irritated
because of inability to Low self-esteem
concentrate
Sleep deprivation affects the emotional well-being of STEM students. Most

of STEM students experience impaired mood and cannot enjoy things because of
mood swings. Some of them stated that they easily get irritated in simple things and
their self- esteem decreases. Least of the students said that lack of sleep does not
affect him emotionally.
According to Samkoff, J. S., & Jacques, C. H. (1991), “Studies that dealt

with residents' moods and attitudes demonstrated deleterious effects of sleep
deprivation and fatigue. Residents' acuity on performance tests requiring prolonged
vigilance tended to deteriorate with acute sleep loss, while their performances on
most brief psychomotor tests measuring manual dexterity, reaction times (RTs),
and short-term recall were not adversely affected.”

JANUARY 2019 21
TABLE 3: The effects of sleep deprivation on academic performance of STEM

students

3. How does sleep P1. It loses my attention. Losing attention
deprivation affect P2. It affects my Lack of concentration
your academic concentration and
performances? understanding.
P3. It doesn’t It does not affect
P4. It is difficult to recall Cannot memorize
and interpret
information.
P5. I can’t focus on my Lack of productivity
studies very well.
P6. It gets hard for me to Can not concentrate
understand the lesson.
P7. I can’t fully Lack of concentration
understand the lesson.
P8. I can’t focus on my Lack of focus
school activities.
P9. I missed to listen to Lack of productivity
the lesson
P10 Scores decreases and Lack of productivity
I couldn’t perform well.
P11. It affects my Lack of concentration
concentration in the
lesson.
P12. I can’t remember Can not think properly
things quickly.
P13. I can’t concentrate Lack of concentration
in my studies.
P14. Sleep deprivation Lack of concentration
let me not to concentrate
in my studies that can use
for me
P15. I cannot focus Lack of productivity
because I feel sleepy
P16. I cannot concentrate Lack of focus
during the class
P17. I can’t finish some Lack of productivity
school works on time and

JANUARY 2019 22
sometimes I became to
do it.
P18. Because of being Lack of concentration
tired, I cannot
concentrate in
understanding the lesson
so I may have low grades
P19. Can not think Lack of concentration
properly during
discussion
P20. hard to concentrate Hard to concentrate
during major subjects
Sleep deprivation affecting the academic performance of STEM students.

Most of STEM students having a problem in concentrating in class resulted to have
low grades. Some of students said that sleep deprivation affects their academic
performances because of low productivity in class and school activities. Some
students cannot focus on discussion because of lack of sleep. Least of students
cannot memorize any information and their attentiveness are also affected.
Xue Ming, Rebecca Koransky, Victor Kang, Sarah Buchman, Christina E.

Sarris, and George C. Wagner conducted a survey on sleep schedule, sleep health,
school performance. “Students with a sleep length of less than 7 hours on both
weekdays and weekends exhibited poorer performance, while those who made up
this sleep loss on weekends did not. The total number of poor sleep factors in an
individual also correlated with poor school performance.”, according to the authors
respectively.

JANUARY 2019 23
TABLE 4: Ways of STEM students to overcome sleep deprivation

4. How do you P1. Time management Time management
overcome sleep and enough sleep
deprivation? P2. by eating chocolates Eating
P.3 Sleep early Sleep on time
P4. Simply by having a Social media
discipline to sleep early
even though there are
temptation like using
mobile phones
P5. I spend my vacant Spending time to sleep
time in sleeping rather
than playing
P6. by sleeping early Time management
P7. by sleeping early as I Time management
can
P8. by sleeping in right Time management
time
P9. regain sleep in the Time management
morning and avoiding
the thing that may cause
wakeful
P10. Time management Time management
P11. Sleep early Time management
P12. I overcome sleep Time management
deprivation by managing
my time efficient
P13. I sleep early Time management
everyday
P14. If I have a chance to Time management
sleep enough I do it
P15. Drink coffee Drinking coffee
P16. by sleeping and Time management
time management
Relaxation
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P1.7 by resting, relaxing

and sleeping Time management
P18. I make proper time
management for every
homework that assign to
us, also in every work we
do at our house. Time management
P19. Time management Time management
P20. Time management
The STEM students manage to overcome sleep deprivation by having an

enough sleep whenever they have vacant time. Most of STEM students overcome
sleep deprivation by having a proper time management. Some of students said that
having an enough time or sleeping on time will be a good thing to overcome lack
of sleep. Some of them also said that eating and drinking coffee can help them
overcome sleep deprivation. Least of them stated that sleeping during vacant time
helps them to overcome sleep deprivation.
TABLE 5: Factors that leading STEM students to experience sleep deprivation

5. Why do you P1. I experience sleep Using gadgets
experience sleep deprive because of
deprivation? school work and social
media
P2. because of the paper Academic tasks
works
P3. by lack of sleep Can not sleep
P4. School activities and Academic tasks and
playing mobile games using gadget
P5. Instead of sleeping School works
on time, I do my school
works late at time that is
why I am lacking of sleep

JANUARY 2019 25
P6. because of over use Social media

of mobile phones
P7. because I don’t have
enough sleep cause by
using gadgets Social media
P8. because of certain
activities or
responsibility that need Social works
to accomplish
P9. having a lot of school
works
P10. Academic tasks, School works
social media
P11. Academic tasks, Social works
social media
P12. Overuse of gadgets Social works
P13. Lack of sleep
P14. Because I have a lot Social media
of things to do Social works
P15. Study using mobile Social works
phone
P16. Because of stress Gadget and school
and activities and works
household chores Time management
P17. Because of school
works and the influence
of social media Social works
P18. Many assigned
tasks
P19. Because of school School works
works
P20. Staying up all night School works
because of social medias
Gadget
STEM students experiencing sleep deprivation by some factors or things

that can lead them to have lack of sleep. Most of students of STEM experience lack
of sleep because of many school works given to them and using gadgets and social
media everyday also leads them to deprive themselves. Some said that social works
is the major factor for them. While least of students said they just cannot sleep

JANUARY 2019 26
TABLE 6: Scale of the duration of sleep for STEM students

6. Rate your regular P1. 4
sleep in a scale of P2. 1
1-10. P3. 10
P4. 6
P5. 3
P6. 10
P7. 10
P8. 5
P9. 9
P10. 5
P11. 7
P12. 7
P13. 8
P14. 6
P15. 7
P16. 4-5
P17. 5
P18. 8
P19. 5
P20. 7

JANUARY 2019 27
Scaling the sleep of STEM students in 1-10 hours. Most students sleep
between 5-7 hours only. Some of the students have 8-10 sleep every day. While the
least of STEM students have 6 and above hours of sleep.
According to Xue Ming, Rebecca Koransky, Victor Kang, Sarah Buchman,
Christina E. Sarris, and George C. Wagner conducted a survey on sleep schedule,
sleep health, school performance and school start times which includes 1,941
adolescents. “Students with a sleep length of less than 7 hours on both weekdays
and weekends exhibited poorer performance, while those who made up this sleep
loss on weekends did not. The total number of poor sleep factors in an individual
also correlated with poor school performance.”, according to the authors
respectively.
TABLE 7: Time of sleep of STEM students involving school tasks

7. What time do you P1. 8pm
usually sleep P2. 12am
involving school P3. 8pm
tasks? P4. 9-10pm
P5. 12-1 am
P6. 1am
P7. 12am
P8. 12am
P9. 10pm
P10. 11pm
P11. 11pm
P12. 11pm
P13. 11:30pm
P14. 10:30pm

JANUARY 2019 28
P15. 10-11pm
P16. 12-1am
P17. 11pm
P18. 10-11pm
P19. 12am
P20. 10pm
STEM students usually sleep at night involving their school works. Most of
them usually sleep during 10-11pm. Some of students usually sleep 12-1 am. Least
of STEM students sleep around 8-10 pm.
TABLE 8: The effects of sleep deprivation on social life of STEM students.

8. How does sleep P1. It affects my decision Can not decide properly
deprivation affect P2. I can’t interact well Social interaction
your social life? P3. It doesn’t affect my Does not affect
social life
P4. It affects my Can not communicate
communicating skills well
with my friends
P5. I spend my time Can not socialize
sleeping rather than
going outside and talking
with friends
P6. It doesn’t affect that Does not affect
much

JANUARY 2019 29
P7. Instead of talking to Can not communicate

my friends I just want to well
sleep
P8. It lessen my Can not communicate
interaction with my well
family and friends
P9.. I am not active with Can not socialize
my social life
P10. Unable to socialize Can not communicate
frequently because of well
thinking to just sleep
P11. It affects my social Can not socialize
life
P12. I don’t see any Does not affect
effects of sleep
deprivation in my social
life right now
P13. I don’t think it Does not affect
affects my social life
P14. it decreases my Can not communicate
chance to hang out with well
my friends
P15. Instead of hanging Can not communicate
out with my friends, just well
sleep
P16. I don’t socialize Can not socialize
P17. I can’t focus and Can not communicate
talk with people well

JANUARY 2019 30
P18. Can’t spend enough Can not communicate

time with friends because well
I just want to sleep
P19. Too busy to Can not socialize
socialize
P20. It limits my time to Can not socialize
bond with my friends
Chapter 5
RESULTS
Sleep deprivation can affect the social life of STEM students. Most students
cannot socialize well because of low productivity and the mindset to just sleep
rather than interact with other people. Some students said lack of sleep does not
affect their social life. Some of students cannot communicate well. Least of STEM
students said lack of sleep affect their decision making.
According to the study conducted by Ann Pietrangelo and Stephanie
physical health at risk. A review of 16 studies have found out that sleeping for less
than 6-8 hours a night increases the risk of death at by 12%. They added that, “If
you’ve ever spent a night tossing and turning, you already know how you’ll feel
the next day — tired, cranky, and out of sorts. Missing out on the recommended 7
to 9 hours of shut-eye nightly does more than make you feel groggy and grumpy.
DISCUSSION

JANUARY 2019 31
In general, sleep deprivation is widely affecting most people in many

factors. People often mistreat and punished themselves in terms of depriving their
daily adequate sleep. Although some people are aware of this phenomenon, they
still deprived themselves voluntarily because of many factors. One of the main
reasons is the willingness and mindset of an individual to accomplish a task,
specifically academic tasks leading to staying up all night which happens
consecutively. In addition, social media is also a major factor contributing to sleep
deprivation because some individuals are addicted to mobile games affecting their
brains to continuously play. The effects include the risk for diabetes, mood changes
which can lead to anxiety and depression, weakened immunity, and risk for heart
disease causing blood pressure to increase. Trouble with thinking and concentration
is the major effect of sleep deprivation, the memory forms connection when
sleeping helping us remember and process new information, this result if an
individual didn’t have enough sleep it can negatively impact both short and long -
term memory. STEM students, known for learning and achieving are affected by
this phenomenon which affect their brain that also affect their academic
performances and emotional well-being. The aim of the study is to help the students
be aware of the futile effects of sleep deprivation. It was explained that having
sufficient sleep will prolong the life and an organism will have a greater chance of
survival in a hostile environment. To achieve a sufficient sleep, time management
should be done. Students and people that will manage their time in academics,
social media, family gathering, and other factors will benefit them. Their whole
body will function well and it will prevent them to acquire certain diseases that are
mainly caused by sleep deprivation. They will be able to perform better in class
because the nerves replenish causing them to have a fresh mind that will contribute
helpful ideas and skills to the class.
CONCLUSION
The following conclusions were drawn based on the results presented above.
JANUARY 2019 32
1. The data implies that the student being sleep deprived has a low chance of
capability in following some instructions or a quick respond in the situation.
2. The data indicates that the greatest factors that affects or leads the students of
being sleep deprived are the social media and consecutive school works they had.
3. The data states that the majority of STEM students are experiencing these
phenomena and because of it, it affects their school performance.
4. The data shows that STEM students having sleep deprivation can't make their
full or 100 percent performance in class or some activities because sleep deprived
can affect the whole functioning system of our body.
REFERENCES
 Cohut, M. (2017, November 7) To the brain, sleep deprivation is 'like

drinking too much' Retrieved from www.easybib.com
 Patrick, Y., Lee, A., Moss, J. (2017, March 23) Effects of sleep
deprivation on cognitive and physical performance in university students
Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 Ming, X., Koransky, R., Kang, V., Buchman, S., Sarris, C., Wagner, G.
(2011, October 20) Sleep Insufficiency, Sleep Health Problems and
Performance in High School Students Retrieved from
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 Nutt, D., Wilson, S., Patterson, L. (2008) Sleep disorders as core

symptoms of depression Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

JANUARY 2019 33
 Pietrangelo, A., Watson, S. (2017, June 5) The Effects of Sleep

Deprivation on Your Body Retrieved from www.healthline.com
 Sammons, A. Theory of Sleep Deprivation Retrieved from

www.psychlotron.org.uk
APPENDICES
Appendix A
A letter of Request to the School Principal
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Bulacan
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino
Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
February 2019
ROSAURO A. VILLANUEVA
School Principal IV
A. F. G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Sir:
Warm greetings of Peace!
The undersigned are currently working on a research entitled “The Effects of

Sleep Deprivation among Grade Eleven Student in Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics Students of Assemblywoman Felicita G.
Bernardino Memorial Trade School”. The result of the study may serve as a

JANUARY 2019 34
reference for the STEM students of Senior High School in improving their
academic performances and helps them to overcome with this kind of difficulties.
In line with this, we would like to ask your kind approval to allow us to
administer the survey questionnaires to the Grade 11 STEM students of A. F. G.
Bernardino Memorial Trade School during the school year 2018-2019. The result
of the study will be kept confidential.
We are hoping for your kind and favorable approval on this request.
Thank you very much.
Sincerely yours,
MERCADO, ANGELO WARREN D.

BAUTISTA, HANNAH JOSELLE
BONIFACIO, NEIL ANGELO
ESPANOLA, JOHN MIKE
CUNANAN, JANINE
DELA CRUZ, GINA
ADAJAR, IVAN DANIEL
APPENDIX B
Letter of Request to the Parents
Dear Parent;
Good day!
We are the students from STEM strand and we are currently doing a research
entitled The Effects of Sleep Deprivation among Grade 11 Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics students of Assemblywoman Felicita G.
Bernardino Memorial Trade School. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Practical Research I in Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade
School.
We would like to invite your child to be a respondent of this study in which they
can find out the problems as they experience sleep deprivation. This study will be
JANUARY 2019 35
a great help as it will help them to identify if they are sleep deprived that mostly
affects their mind and body.
If you agree, your son/daughter will be interviewed by us. The interview is expected
to take for about 10 minutes or less and will be scheduled during their vacant hours.
You do not have to decide today whether or not you agree to have your child to in
this research. Before you decide, you can talk to anyone you comfortable with. If
your son/daughter does not want to answer some of the questions included in the
interview, he/ she may skip them and move on to the next question.
Your cooperation will certainly contribute to the success of this study and rest
assured that all information will be held with due diligence.
Appendix C
Consent form
PARENTAL PERMISSION
By signing this document, you are agreeing to allow your son/daughter

____________________________to be part of the study entitled The Effect of
Sleep Deprivation among Grade Eleven Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics of Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School.
Your child's participation in the study is completely voluntary. If you allow your
child to be part of the study, you may change your mind and withdraw your
approval at any time.
I give my permission for my child to participate in this study
Print name of Parent/Guardian__________________

Signature of Parent/Guardian ___________________

JANUARY 2019 36
Date____________
If Illiterate
I have witnessed the accurate reading of the comment form to the parent of the
potential participant, and the individual has the opportunity to ask questions. I
confirm that the individual has given comment freely.
Print name of witness_________________ Thumb print of the participant
Signature of witness__________________
Date_____________
dd/mm/yy
APPENDIX D
Statement of the Person Taking the Consent of the Guardian
We have accurately read out the information sheet to the parent of the potential
participant, and to be best of our ability made sure that the person understands
that the following will be done:
1. An interview that identify the adversities encountered by their strand of his/her
child.
2. The interview will take about 10 minutes to complete and will be scheduled
during vacant hours.
3. The interview will not affect their child's performance in school.
We confirm that the parent was given an opportunity to ask questions about the
study, and all the questions asked by him/her have been answered correctly and to
the best of our ability. We confirm that the individual has not been coerced into
giving consent, and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.

JANUARY 2019 37
A copy of this Informed Consent Form has been provided to the parent or
guardian of the participant.
Print Name of researcher/Person taking the consent

________________________________
APPENDIX E
Letter to the Respondents
Dear STEM students:
Good Day!
We the researchers are currently doing a research entitled " The Effect of Sleep
Deprivation among Grade Eleven Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics of Asseblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School "
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for practical research 1 in AFGB Memorial
Trade School.
We would like to invite you to be a participant of this study in which you will
identify why some students experience sleep deprivation in your strand. The
purpose of this study is to determine the causes of lack of sleep may encounter by
STEM students. This study will be a great help in as it will be an input improvement
JANUARY 2019 38
for the factors that affects your strand.
If you agree, you will answer a survey questionnaire that will able to identify the
causes of sleep deprivation you may encountered in your strand. The interview is
expected to take about 10 minutes to complete and will be scheduled during vacant
hours.
We have discussed this research with your guardians and they know that we also
asking you for your agreement. If you are going to participate in the research your
guardians also have to agree. But if you do not wish to take part in the research,
you do not have to, even if your parents have agreed
You do not have to decide today whether or not you agree to participate in this
study. Before you decide, you can talk to anyone you feel comfortable with, if you
do not wish to answer some of the questions included in the questionnaire, you may
skip them and move on the next question.

JANUARY 2019 39
APPENDIX F
Assent Form
CHILD'S PERMISSION:
By signing this document, I am accepting the invitation to be part of study entitled
"THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION AMONG GRADE ELEVEN
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS OF
ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE
SCHOOL". My participation in this study is completely voluntary. I am given the
opportunity to change my mind and withdraw my approval anytime. I may choose
not to be part of the study, even if my parents already agreed, and my refuse to
answer a question or stop participating anytime.
I agreed to take part of this study,

Print Name of Child ________________
Signature of Child ________________
Date ____________

JANUARY 2019 40
If Illiterate
I have witnessed the accurate reading of the assent form to the child as potential
participant, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirmed
that the individual has given consent freely.
Print Name of Witness ___________________ Thumb print of the participant

Signature of Witness _____________________
Date _______________
Day/Month/Year
APPENDIX G
Statement of the Person Taking the Consent of the Respondents
We have accurately read cut the information sheet the child as a potential
participant, and the best of our ability made sure that the person understands the
following will done:
1. A survey questionnaire that identify the adversities encountered by their strand

of his/ her child.
2. The survey will take about 5 minutes to complete and will be scheduled during
vacant hours.
3. The researcher will not affect their child's performance in school
4. We confirm that the parent was given an opportunity to ask questions about the
study, and all the questions asked by him/her have been answered correctly and on
the best of our ability. We confirm that the individual has not been coerced into
giving consent, and the consent has been given freely and voluntarily.

JANUARY 2019 41
A copy of this Informed Consent Forms has been provided to the parent or guardian
of the participant.
Print Name of Researcher/ Person taking the consent

Bautista, Hannah Joselle
Cunanan, Janine
Dela Cruz, Gina
Adajar, Ivan Daniel
Bonifacio, Neil Angelo
Española, John Mike
Mercado, Angelo Warren D.
VALIDATION LETTER
Ms. ___________
Position/designation _________
Dear Ms. Jhoevette D. Guido
The undersigned are presently conducting a study entitled “THE EFFECT OF

SLEEP DEPRIVATION AMONG GRADE ELEVEN SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS OF
ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G. BERNARDINO MEMORIAL TRADE
SCHOOL”. In partial fulfillment if the requirements in Practical Research I
subject, Considering your professional competence and experience as language
teacher. The undersigned earnestly request for your comments and suggestions in
the validity. Attached questionnaires, your comments and suggestions will
be_________ considered significance inputs in putting questionnaires to its final
form.
Your truly
Content noted
_______________Approved _____________Disapproved

JANUARY 2019 42
Comments and suggestions

____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
SIGNATURE
Ms. Jhoevette D. Guido

Evaluator
Hannah Joselle M. Baustista

Blk 43 lot 7 Northville 4A
Brgy Lambakin Marilao, Bulacan
Hannahjosellebautista2002@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : December 13, 2002
Place of Birth : Valenzuela City, Metro Manila
Age : 16
Citizenship : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Weight : 40 kg
Height : 154 cm

JANUARY 2019 43
Name of Mother : Liezl M. Bautista

Name of Father : Jose M. Bautista Jr.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Primary: Lambakin Elementary School (Annex)
Secondary: Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Hannah Joselle M. Bautista

Signature
Janine Cunanan
Sto. Nino, Meycauayan,Bulacan
janinecunanan29@gmail.com
Date of Birth : July 29, 2002
Place of Birth : Gapan, Nueva Ecija
Age : 16
Religion : Roman Catholic
Weight : 60 kg
Height : 158 cm

JANUARY 2019 44
Name of Mother : Rowellyn Fabre

Name of Father : Jeffrey Cunanan
Primary: Pantoc Elementary School
Janine Cunanan
Signature
Gina P. Dela Cruz

Poblacion 2, Marilao, Bulacan
dcginaynnah4@gmail.com
Date of Birth : February 25, 2002
Place of Birth : Abangan Sur, Marilao, Bulacan
Age : 17
Weight : 45 kg
Height : 157 cm

JANUARY 2019 45
Name of Mother : Gloria Dela Cruz

Name of Father : Robert Dela Cruz.
Primary: Marilao Central School
Gina P. Dela Cruz

Signature
Ivan Daniel H. Adajar

En 18 natividad st. tabing ilog,
Marilao, Bulacan
ivanadajar@yahoo.com
Place of Birth : Bocaue, Bulacan
Age : 16
Religion : Christian
Weight : 58 kg
Height : 167 cm
Name of Mother : Bonifacio Adajar

JANUARY 2019 46
Name of Father : Teresita Adajar
Primary: Tabing Ilog Elementary School
Ivan Daniel H. Adajar

Signature
Neil Angelo G. Bonifacio

Blk 54 lot 38 Northville 4b Lambakin,
Marilao, Bulacan
nagbneil@gmail.com
Date of Birth : July 04, 2002
Place of Birth : Antipolo, Rizal
Age : 16
Religion : Iglesia Ni Cristo
Weight : 48 kg
Height : 165 cm

JANUARY 2019 47
Name of Mother : Margie G. Bonifacio

Name of Father : Danilo G. Bonifacio
Primary: Lambakin Elementary School (Annex)
Neil Angelo G. Bonifacio

Signature
John Mike C. Espanola

Dulo, Lambakin, Marilao, Bulacan
Johnmike17@gmail.com
Date of Birth : May 08, 2001
Place of Birth : Bahay Pari, Meycauayan
Age : 17
Weight : 44 kg
Height : 164 cm
Name of Mother : Cristiana C. Espanola
JANUARY 2019 48
Name of Father : Michael c. Espanola
Primary: Pantoc Elementary School
John Mike C. Espanola

Signature
Angelo Warren D. Mercado

#318 Masipag St. Ibayo, Marilo, Bulacan
mercadoangelowarren@gmail.com
Place of Birth : Meycauayan, Bulacan
Age : 18
Weight : 65 kg
Height : 172 cm
Name of Mother : Mariamar D. Mercado

JANUARY 2019 49
Name of Father : Rogaciano Roy A. Mercado V
Primary: Marygold School Inc.
Angelo Warren D. Mercado

Signature

JANUARY 2019 50

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ASSEMBLYWOMAN FELICITA G.

BERNADINO MEMORIAL TRADE SCHOOL

THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION AMONG GRADE ELEVEN

Bautista, Hannah Joselle

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Sleep deprivation is a form of psychological torture inflicted by depriving

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

However, though career driven personalities, students, and administrators

Senior High School students under STEM strand experience sleep

THEORETICAL / CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The study was theoretically anchored on the theory of Hibernation. Hibernation

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

According to Restoration Theory (Oswald, 1995), the function of sleep is to

According to Hershner and Chervin (2014), daytime sleepiness, sleep

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

deprivation through sleep education classes, online programs, encouragement of

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub-problems:

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study was conducted at Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

 Senior Highschool Students

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

DEFINITION AND TERMS

 Deteriorate. The word deteriorate describes anytime something gets worse.

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Review of Related Literature and Studies

A review of studies concerning effects of sleep deprivation

To the brain, sleep deprivation is 'like drinking too much

Maria Cohut (2017) mentioned that brain with experiencing sleep

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Our Body

According to the recent study conducted by Ann Pietrangelo and Stephanie

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

“The effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance has also been

Sleep Insufficiency, Sleep Health Problems and Performance in High School

Xue Ming, Rebecca Koransky, Victor Kang, Sarah Buchman, Christina E.

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

According to the survey they conducted, “About three quarters of depressed

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The researchers used the qualitative method which is characterized by an

THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

The researcher used Survey questionnaire which involve two sets of

The researcher considered some ethical principles in research while

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

This chapter contains the presentation, interpretation and analysis of data

TABLE 1: The effects of sleep deprivation on self -productivity of STEM

Area of focus Verbatim Response Codes/ Themes

ACADEMIC TRACK – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

P10. The memory and Hard to concentrate in