Importance of Chemistry: Summary For Grade 7 First Semester

SUMMARY FOR GRADE 7 FIRST SEMESTER
Importance of Chemistry
Chemistry is an important branch of science. Chemistry deals with the matter that
form our environment and the transformation that the matter undergoes.
Chemistry is therefore, useful in understanding the changes taking place in the
constituents of the environment and the resulting advantages. Chemistry is
connected with composition, structure and properties of the matter. In fact it is a
science of atoms and molecules. Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical
chemistry, analytical chemistry, industrial chemistry and biochemistry are various
branches of chemistry. Chemistry deals with compounds of atoms and their
properties. We can understand how the compounds are formed by the forces
between the atoms. Nature produces large number of compounds, while
laboratories synthesize many new compounds. Chemistry is concerned with studying
the properties of all these new compounds. The studies in chemistry in modern
times has been greatly facilitated because of effective inter-linking of numerous
facts and principles established from it. If any interrelated relationship is
observed among many established facts it is explained by a mathematical equation.
Such a relation or mathematical equation is called pro-principle. Such a pro-
principle is termed 'principle' or law if it is found to be true when tested by
several tests under different conditions.
At every stage in life, we are connected with different aspects of chemistry

directly or indirectly. Chemistry encirc{les} variety of fields, e.g., agriculture,
food, medicines, fertilisers, alkalies, acids, salts, dyes, different polymers, soaps,
detergents, metals, mixed-metals, samples of atmospheres, functioning of the
minds and computer reactions. Thus, the knowledge of chemistry, in reality, is
useful in different aspects of human life as well as in some destructive aspects.
Physical Quantities and SI Units
He value of a physical quantity is always equal to the multiple of numerical value

and the unit. For example, mass of a piece of iron is 2.5 kg. Here, just writing 2.5
carries no meaning, but adding the term kg after 2.5 indicates its mass.
In order that a measured or calculated quantity be expressed it is essential to

have a suitable system of units. For this purpose, it is essential to have information
about the fundamental units like mass, length, time and temperature. Other units
of measurements which can be derived from the above fundamental units are
termed derived units.
Even in this system several units were used to express the same quantity. A new
system was adopted in 1960 which is known as SI (System International) unit
system. There are seven fundamental units in this system. (Table 1.1 )
Table 1.1 SI Base Units
Other units can be derived from the above seven units. In SI large and small
quantities are expressed by using an appropriate prefix with the base units.
Derived units e.g. volume, density, acceleration can be derived from the base units.
Volume = length x breadth x height = meter x meter x meter
metre = m
Some units are used in routine work even when they are not SI units. For example,
Angstrom (a), for length, litre (/), for volume, atmosphere (atm), for pressure and
Celsius (°c) for temperature are preferred in practice.
Physical and Chemical Changes, you can learn in

http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/pcchange.html
Physical property changes of matter do not produce a new

substance and are typically described by the following:
 Color – every object has a color

 Odor – intensity of smell
 Density – mass divided by volume
 Luster – how shiny it is
 Ductility – ability to be drawn into thin wires
 Malleability – ability to be beaten into thin sheets
 Elasticity – ability to return to original shape
 Hardness – ability to be scratched
 Conductivity – allows energy flow, electricity or heat
 Insulator – resists flow of energy, electricity or heat
 Organic/Inorganic – was once alive or is alive/was never alive
Chemical property changes of matter produces a new

substance and can be typically described by the following:
 Color – change in color indicates a chemical change

 Temperature – change in temperature indicates a chemical change
Classification of Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space is matter. Solid, liquid and gaseous
states represent three different states of aggregation and provide a basis of the
physical classification of matter. However, from the view point of chemistry,
matter can be classified into categories : elements, compounds and mixtures. This
scheme simplifies the study of chemistry.
An element consists of only one kind of atoms. A compound is formed by two or

more types of atoms. Elements in a compound lose their individual chemical
characteristics. Hydrogen and oxygen form a compound which we know as water.
When water is formed the chemical characteristic of both hydrogen and oxygen
are lost. On the other hand, in a mixture, each of the constituents retain its
characteristic property, e.g. sugar retains its characteristic sweetness even in
aqueous solution, a mixture. A mixture, to larger extent, shows the combined

behaviour of the substances Dresent in it.
A mixture may be (i) homogeneous or (2) heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixtures

has same composition throughout. Sugar forms a homogeneous mixture with water.
In contrast, a mixture of grains of sand and salt is heterogeneous, since particles
of each component of the mixture remain separate and can be observed is
individual grains under a microscope.

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SUMMARY FOR GRADE 7 FIRST SEMESTER

At every stage in life, we are connected with different aspects of chemistry

Physical Quantities and SI Units

He value of a physical quantity is always equal to the multiple of numerical value

In order that a measured or calculated quantity be expressed it is essential to

Table 1.1 SI Base Units

Volume = length x breadth x height = meter x meter x meter

Physical and Chemical Changes, you can learn in

Physical property changes of matter do not produce a new

 Color – every object has a color

Chemical property changes of matter produces a new

 Color – change in color indicates a chemical change

An element consists of only one kind of atoms. A compound is formed by two or

aqueous solution, a mixture. A mixture, to larger extent, shows the combined

A mixture may be (i) homogeneous or (2) heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixtures

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