General Description: Multiservice Switch

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
ALCATEL 1000 E10
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
This document presents the Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice system.

Since the purpose of this document is general information about a
system which may be upgraded at any time by Alcatel according to
the latest technology improvements, it cannot be used as a
reference for a customer contract. In the same way, this document
cannot be opposed to any other Alcatel 1000 E10 system specific
technical document which is part of a particular contract and gives
minute details on a system tailored according to customer’s specific
requirements.
#3DR 20116 QMWW PTZZA 02
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
Alcatel – Voice Networks Division Ref. 3DR 20007 OCWW UDZZA 04 - 00 1/66
03/09/2001
All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents, not permitted without written authorization
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 4
1.1. ADVANTAGES FOR THE OPERATOR................................................................. 5
2. WHAT CAN WE DO FOR YOU? ............................................................................. 6

2.1. FIXED NETWORK ............................................................................................. 7
2.2. MOBILE NETWORK.......................................................................................... 9
2.3. INTELLIGENT NETWORK................................................................................ 10
2.4. NETWORK MANAGEMENT ............................................................................ 12
3. PLATFORM DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 13

3.1. FUNCTIONAL VIEW....................................................................................... 14
3.2. ORGANIC VIEW ............................................................................................ 16
3.3. CONTROL PLANE.......................................................................................... 24
3.4. TRANSPORT PLANE ....................................................................................... 32
3.5. MANAGEMENT PLANE .................................................................................. 36
3.6. OTHER SYSTEM UNITS .................................................................................. 38
4. CARRIER-CLASS DEFENCE ................................................................................... 41

4.1. DEFENCE PRINCIPLES.................................................................................... 42
4.2. LOCAL DEFENCE AND CENTRAL DEFENCE.................................................... 44
4.3. LOAD REGULATION ...................................................................................... 45
5. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...................................................................... 46

5.1. ORGANISATION OF ALCATEL 1000 E10 OAM .............................................. 47
5.2. OPERATION .................................................................................................. 48
5.3. MAINTENANCE............................................................................................. 50
5.4. OPERATOR ACCESS MANAGEMENT .............................................................. 51
6. ENGINEERING ..................................................................................................... 52
6.1. TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT.................................................................. 52
6.2. BOARDS........................................................................................................ 52
6.3. POWER SUPPLY ............................................................................................. 57
6.4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS................................................................... 61
6.5. INSTALLATION.............................................................................................. 62
6.6. EXTENSIONS................................................................................................. 63
7. GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................... 64
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1. INTRODUCTION
With more than 79 million terminations (over 65 million lines and 13 million trunks),
58 million mobile subscriber capacities and more than 2 760 exchanges in service,
for 126 customers in some 98 countries, the Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice Exchange
has fully demonstrated its adaptability to an extremely wide range of operating
environments, from densely populated urban areas requiring high capacity
exchanges, to outlying regions with very low population density in which low capacity
exchanges and remote line units have been configured to provide a minimum cost
digital network.
The Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice Exchange is based on open-ended, modular,
distributed architecture for enhanced flexibility, allowing the latest technological
developments in components and software to be easily integrated.
The development of telecommunications networks, with the introduction of the ISDN,
Mobility and IN services, requires powerful resources for transmitting data between
exchanges and the ITU-T N°7 common channel signalling system has been designed
specifically for this purpose.
The Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice Exchange complies with ITU-T and ETSI
recommendations.
Aware of the tremendous importance of quality, Alcatel has in operation a quality
management system to meet ISO 9000 standards throughout the operational life the
Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice Exchange, from design, development and
manufacture through installation, maintenance and support to customers.
ISO standards:
ISO 9004 Quality management and quality system elements.
ISO 9002 Quality assurance in production and installation.
ISO 9001 Quality assurance in design/development, production,
installation and servicing.
Compliance with the ISO standards has been certified by an independent
international body, the Association For Assurance Quality (AFAQ).
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1.1. ADVANTAGES FOR THE OPERATOR
Alcatel does not only supply technology, it also preserves its clients’ investments by
providing them with a consistent product line. Alcatel has already been involved in
participating with more than one hundred operators world-wide in building their
data networks. More generally, our installed base of Public and Corporate data
communication networks includes over 300 customers worldwide.
The field-proven Alcatel 1000 E10 technology relies on the following principles:
t Multiservice
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is ONE equipment able to perform fixed or mobile, local
or transit functions.
t Architecture
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is modular and scalable. The network can be adapted in a
totally free manner, very progressively if required. This applies to capacity of
course, and also to functions.
t Compatibility
Software and Hardware modules evolve independently. The absence of coupling
between them is the guarantee of the equipment compatibility when the operator
requires upgrades for its switches
The major characteristics of the resulting product are:
t Quality of service
Customers experience the same quality of service regardless the type of the
transport network, e.g. customers have the same level of service for voice over
circuit (PSTN) or for voice over packet.
t Service guarantee
The Alcatel 1000 E10 preserves the revenue generated by carrier grade services
such as IN, that are available in the operator’s PSTN/ISDN network.
t Billing
The Alcatel 1000 E10 facilitates billing through the generation of call detailed
records for any type of communications.
t Interoperability
Alcatel’s experience guarantees interoperability between vendors in national and
international networks.
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2. WHAT CAN WE DO FOR YOU?
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is a multi-service exchange.

It is multi-service: this implies that you can use it for a specific
function or combine several applications in the same equipment.
t Fixed networks
t Mobile networks
t Intelligent Networks
E10 (SSP)
(Service Switching
Point)
SCP SMP
E10 Intelligent
(International
transit exchange) Network
E10 E10
(Transit
exchange)
ISPs E10 E10 (MSC)

(Local Mobile Services
exchange) switching
Packet Center
Network
POTS, ISDN, ADSL
Access network BSC
CSN LMDS
UTRAN
CN CN
BTS
...
…
... 2G, 3G Mobile
BTS
Networks
This chapter explains the different contexts in which the Alcatel

1000 E10 is used.
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2.1. FIXED NETWORK
The Alcatel 1000 E10 can be used for all following fixed circuit switching
applications:
t Local exchange (LEX)
t Regional or national transit exchange (TEX),
t International transit exchange (TEX),
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is a multi-service exchange. It can be used for a specific
function as well as being capable of combining several applications in the same
equipment.
2.1.1. SUBSCRIBER LINE CONNECTION VIA THE CSN
The CSN consists of connection and control units and line concentration modules
called CNs (digital concentrators). Depending on requirements, the CNs are installed
close to or distant from the CSN unit. Similarly, a CSN is installed away from or close
to an exchange. This two-level subscriber line concentration architecture rationalises
the use of equipment for serving areas with dense and sparse concentrations of
subscribers.
The CSN is connected to the exchange via standard PCM links. If links are
accidentally disconnected from their local exchange, the CSN can switch to
standalone operation, which means that calls can be set up between the subscribers
connected to it.
The CSN can be used to connect:
t Analogue subscribers with rotary dial telephones;
t Analogue subscribers with pushbutton DTMF telephones;
t Basic rate digital subscribers (2B + D);
t Primary rate digital subscribers (30B + D);
t V5.1 subscribers;
t ADSL subscribers.
Additionally, the CSN can also be connected to an ATM switch via SDH STM1 lines
carrying ATM links when ADSL subscribers need to be connected.
2.1.2. V5.1 AND V5.2 INTERFACES
V5.1 and V5.2 interfaces are standard interfaces for connecting access networks. Any
subscriber line concentration equipment with V5.1 or V5.2 interface protocols can
therefore be connected to the Alcatel 1000 E10.
The operators of the AN (access network) and of the local exchange have shared
responsibilities. The access network operator is responsible for maintaining access
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and the subscriber lines. The local exchange operator manages the services to the
subscribers and call charging.
The access networks are connected to the exchange via 2048 Kbit/s PCM links:
t A V5.1 interface has a single PCM link. Connection to the Alcatel 1000 E10 is via
a CSN
t A V5.2 interface has up to 16 PCM links directly connected to the Alcatel 1000
E10.
2.1.3. TRANSIT EXCHANGE
The Alcatel 1000 E10 can provide regional, national or international transit facilities.
The Alcatel 1000 E10 handles:
t Channel associated signalling. The signalling is associated with the flow of user
information. Channel associated signalling uses a reserved time slot of the PCM
link used
t SS7 common channel signalling. The signalling is dissociated from the user
information. SS7 signalling can use a separate network specially for transporting
signalling
Changing services (mobility, multiple transfers on a single call, etc) mean that the
need for echo cancelling is steadily spreading to all types of telephone call. The
Alcatel 1000 E10 has PCM terminations with echo cancelling built in to avoid the
need for echo cancellers outside the system.
The Alcatel 1000 E10 has the resources necessary for international transit use. It can
handle:
t The international translation chain
t Echo cancellers and suppressors
t International accounting
t Attendant stations
Two attendant connection subsystems are available:
t Sysope: This can handle hundreds of local or remote attendant stations on one or
more sites.
t OPE283: This subsystem is specific to the Alcatel 1000 E10. It can handle up to
16 attendant stations.
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2.2. MOBILE NETWORK
The Alcatel 1000 E10 switching node combined with a Radio Control point (RCP)
makes Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) for the GSM application. Data on the
subscribers in the MSC coverage area is registered by a VLR (Visitor Location
Register) incorporated in the RCP.
VLR
... RCP
…
... MSC
SSP
BTS E10
BTS BSC
BSC Telecommunication
BSC network
BSC
Figure 2 - Connecting mobile subscribers
2.2.1. MOBILE RADIO APPLICATION
The SSP is made of:

t Set-up and release of the link sections to and from mobiles. Controlled by the
RCP, the SSP performs the communication functions for call processing;
t Call transfer when there is a change of radio channel, an established call from
one part of the network is transferred to another under the control of the MSC;
t Hunting for circuits to the BSS: the SSF selects an incoming or outgoing circuit
and sends its identity to the RCP;
t Echo cancelling; voice frequency channels set up with a mobile station must have
an echo canceller to eliminate the echo for calls between a PSTN subscriber and
a PLMN subscriber. The echo cancellers are connected to each call. They are
integrated in the PSTN side of the switching point.
The RCP handles all specific mobile radio network functions, including in particular:
t All operations related to Mobility Management (MM),
t The VLR functions,
t The Gateway-MSC functions
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t MSC interfaces to the BSS and the HLR. For this purpose, the RCP is directly
connected to the Base Station Controllers through signalling links set up as Semi-
permanent links in the SSP. The RCP handles the Mobile Application Part (MAP)
protocol and is a signalling point (local and national) linked to SS7 networks
(local and national) through Semi-permanent links.
2.2.2. BILLING ASPECT
To satisfy different charging requirements in mobile radio networks, the SSF allows:
t Transparent transmission to the RCP server of the charging messages received
from the forward path
t Transparent transmission over the backward path of charging messages received
from the forward path or from the RCP server
Radio Mobile charging specificities:
t In addition, for transit calls between the PLMN and the fixed PSTN (calls not using
an RCP server), the SSF provides the option of generating a call report for every
answered call. This call report, which can be sent to a billing centre, contains all
the information on a call with a mobile subscriber for accounting purposes
between the PLMN operator and the PSTN operator
2.3. INTELLIGENT NETWORK
The following examples of services for subscribers are on the increase: payment by
card, universal personal number, virtual private network etc. Managing and
processing these new services is often complex.
The introduction of the IN (Intelligent Network) in the telecommunication network
architecture is designed to centralise service data and processing in servers. The
exchange communicates with the servers via a standard interface. The exchange and
the servers use this method to interchange service commands and the service data
needed to carry out the call handling tasks.
Management of services by the IN has several advantages:
t It is easy to introduce new services. There is little impact on the network elements
in place. The number of services available can be increased.
t Service management is very flexible. The service supplier has great freedom in
customising a service. The user of the service can himself change some of the
parameters.
t The services are available to all types of subscriber (analogue, digital, mobile).
t The intelligence and data storage resources needed to provide the services are
concentrated in specialised equipment.
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is an access point to the intelligent network. It serves as an SSP
(Service Switching Point) and communicates with the SCPs (Service Control Points).
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Dialogue between an SSP and an SCP is conducted over the signalling network using
the INAP (Intelligent Network Application Protocol).
Examples of IN services available with the combination of an Alcatel 1000 E10 and
a SCP are listed below:
t Payment by card. Payment is made by prepaid card or credit card.
t Free call. The call is free to the caller and billed to the called party.
t Universal number. A single number can be used to contact different branches of
a company depending on where the call comes from.
t Universal personal number. A subscriber can be reached via a single number
wherever he or she is (see Figure 3).
t The virtual private network. This provides a way of setting up a private numbering
plan or a short numbering plan between private exchanges and individual lines
t Call screening. Incoming and outgoing calls are screened according to preset
criteria
The Alcatel 1000 E10 as a multi-service switch can also be a Service Switching Point
(SSP) for the Intelligent Network (IN) application. In this case, it includes the required
Service Switching Function (SSF).
t For intelligent network applications, the SSF generates charging information on
request from the SCF server. Charging can be generated based on information
from the SSF itself or from the SCF server or another centre further along the
switch path;
t If the SSF generates charging information based on data supplied by the SCF, the
SCF may indicate an additional charge or an amendment to be applied;
t At the end of the call, the SSF sends the information resulting from generation of
the charge to the SCF server. This information is stored by the server which can, if
necessary, send it to a billing centre in the form of a call ticket.
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2.4. NETWORK MANAGEMENT
The Alcatel 1000 E10 system has all the functions to locally offer OAM Narrowband
functions. Even though these functions can be present in the exchange, remote OAM
can be provided through the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN).
The general TMN environment is pictured in figure 3 page 12:
Local or Remote Operator
Positions via LAN / WAN A1300 NMC
Data Communication
Network & Service Network
External OSS
Fixed/mobile
networks
Mobile
PC-FS
Local operation
Figure 3 – TMN environment

A TMN network operator with appropriate access rights can communicate with the
exchange from any terminal. The data generated by the Alcatel 1000 E10 exchanges
(charging, commands, alarms, measurements, etc) are collected, stored and
transmitted to the operators or to upper layer applications. A log is kept of all
transactions.
This TMN application is described in the Alcatel 1300 NMC product description.
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3. PLATFORM DESCRIPTION
This chapter explains:

t The architecture of the system
t The organisation and role of the hardware components
t The organisation and role of the software components
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3.1. FUNCTIONAL VIEW
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is structured in separated layers (see figure 4 page 14),
namely:
t The transport plane
t The control plane
t The management plane
Application plane Customer services

and data (upper OS)
Voice/SS7 Application
Alcatel 1000 E10

Control plane
controller controller
Management
plane
Switching Matrix (TDM)
Transport plane
PCM PCM
Standard physical Co-located

CSN
trunk interfaces
Figure 4 - Alcatel 1000 E10’s functional structure
3.1.1. THE TRANSPORT PLANE
The transport plane is split between the termination layer and the switching layer:
1. The termination layer gathers the Termination Units (TU) that are responsible for
providing access to a large variety of user and trunk interfaces.
The resources provided by the TUs are either dedicated to a user or a trunk line,
e.g. Time Slots on TDM ports or shared between the lines, e.g. Echo Canceller
Devices (ECD)
The TUs accommodate bearer service-specific functions, for example signalling
channels, queue management and policing
2. The switching layer is responsible for the switching function within the Alcatel
1000 E10. Functions of the Switching layer include:
t Set-up and release of one-way/bothway connections;
t Control of the connection path.
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3.1.2. THE CONTROL PLANE
The control plane is responsible for the routing of traffic and the allocation of
transport plane resources within the Alcatel 1000 E10. Specific functions of the
control plane include:
t Controlling the transport plane
t Terminating and originating signalling from user or trunk ports in conjunction
with the transport plane: support of multiple signalling protocols for voice, data
and video services such as SS7, Q.931, etc.
t Routing & re-routing of traffic between Network Elements
t Providing connection-level statistics, Call Detail Records and alarms
t Providing APIs and protocol interfaces to the Applications Plane
3.1.3. THE MANAGEMENT PLANE
The management plane includes the Operation And Maintenance functions (OAM)
within the Alcatel 1000 E10. Typical functions of the management plane in the
context of TMN (Telecommunications Management Network) are:
t Configuration management
t Fault management
t Accounting management
t Performance management
t Security management
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3.1.4. THE APPLICATION PLANE
Also pictured in figure 4 page 14 is a customer services and data layer external to
the Alcatel 1000 E10. This application plane is potentially under the control of an
upper layer Operating System (OS).
The application plane is not a part of the Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice exchange
itself. Typically, it can be an IN platform or a centralised Network Management
Centre (NMC). In future product implementation, the customer services and data
could be handled by a call server.
The applications plane may include the functions necessary to control a wide variety
of applications at service level. Some of these services can implement their own
service control logic and be accessed directly in the applications plane, others may
be triggered from the control plane as is the case in traditional voice.
3.2. ORGANIC VIEW
3.2.1. A DISTRIBUTED AND SCALABLE ARCHITECTURE
The Alcatel 1000 E10’s architecture is distributed and scalable. It mainly relies on
elementary hardware modules, i.e. the multi-processor stations, and on elementary
software modules, i.e. the software machine.
MULTI-PROCESSOR STATION (SM)
The SM is a powerful multi-purpose multi-processor platform. A complete exchange
is built up by linking a variable number of SMs by means of a Local Area Network
referred to as the inter-station LAN, used to carry the control messages that the SMs
exchange between themselves.
SOFTWARE MACHINES (ML)
The ML is a piece of a software library that in a whole handles all facets of the
telephony service, e.g. call processing, switching and interface control, exchange
monitoring and so forth. The ML is a basic software element in function and in
capacity.
SM/ML COMBINATIONS
The hardware and software for a given exchange are scaled to meet the customer’s
traffic objectives by dimensioning the appropriate number of MLs for each function,
and downloading them into the appropriate number of SMs.
The next table summarises the SM taxonomy according to the ML type by functional
plane:
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ML type SM taxonomy
Control plane
Call control SMC
Number 7 signalling control SMA
AN, tones and auxiliary control SMA
Gateway to UNIX based servers SMB-G
Transport plane
Switching matrix control SMX
2 Mbit/s TDM interfaces control SMT
Management plane
Exchange Operation And Maintenance control SMM
Note(s): To minimise the hardware amount in small and medium-sized

configurations, different MLs can share a single SM station.
The next figure helps visualising the Alcatel 1000 E10’s distributed architecture. To
be noted that this figure is a generic model, and as such bypasses certain topics at
this point that will be discussed in details in subsequent sections, for instance:
t The hardware redundancy
t The potential ML combinations
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Customer Services and data controllers (IN, TMN, …)
Application Application
server server
Control plane
Server LAN
Operation And Maintenance

SMA SMC SMB-G SMM
Inter-station LAN
Transport plane
SMT SMT SMX
PCM PCM Matrix
Figure 5 - Distributed architecture

A COMPACT YET OPEN AND EXPANDABLE ARCHITECTURE
Alcatel 1000 E10 features many services in a compact machine.
Also intrinsically modular thanks to the SM/ML structure, the Alcatel 1000 E10 is very
open and easily expandable. Should the initial traffic hypothesis evolve in time, the
exchange can be upgraded by adding either physical interfaces or switching or call
control SM/ML or a mix, depending on the new requirements.
Not only can the Alcatel 1000 E10 be adjusted in size, it can also be upgraded to
hook up with the users’ demand for new services. New functions can be installed in
existing exchanges thanks to a software release update since the software and the
hardware are fully independent in the Alcatel 1000 E10.
A CARRIER CLASS EXCHANGE
As a carrier class exchange, the Alcatel 1000 E10 features robust defence
mechanisms, e.g. hardware redundancy and fault management software to virtually
eliminate potential single point failures as will be explained in paragraph 4. page
41.
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3.2.2. MULTI-PROCESSOR STATION (SM)
The SMs are the hardware modules of the Alcatel 1000 E10. An SM is a set of
boards in a subrack powered via converters.
In a SM, the boards supporting the processors and the memories are linked together
via an internal high speed bus running along the rack back-panel.
Regarding the SM’s external environment, each SM is connected to the inter-station
LAN to communicate with other SMs, and to the sub-units they control via dedicated
couplers if any. The logical structure of the SM in pictured in figure 7 page 19 :
Multi-processor station (SM)
Main agent Agent # k
ML ML ML ML ML
OS OS
Main Station Bus
(Station mid-pannel)
Agent # i Agent # j
OS OS
ML ML ML ML
(coupler) (coupler)
Inter-Station LAN
to controlled elements
(to other SMs)
Figure 7 - SM structure
3.2.3. SOFTWARE MODULE (ML)
The software machines (MLs) are the software modules of the Alcatel 1000 E10. An
ML is supported by an SM. Several MLs can coexist on the same SM.
An agent includes the required MLs given the required function and processing
capacity. As previously mentioned, the MLs:
t Are in charge of a Telecom application, for instance, call control or charging.
t N+1 protection can be applied to the control MLs
An agent also includes an Operating System (OS) to enable MLs hosted in different
SM communicating via the inter-station LAN. The OS:
t Interfaces with hardware, allocates software resources and handles inter-station
communication.
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t Makes each ML insensitive to its physical location
t Enables distributing a given ML over several agent of the same station.
3.2.3.1. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT

The main features of the Alcatel 1000 E10 system software are summarised below:
t The software is totally independent from hardware
Alcatel has developed resources and tools such as compilers and translators so
that the same software can be used irrespective of the hardware technology.
t Quality
Stringent tests are run during all development phases and at numerous sites.
Residual bugs are practically non-existent, proving remarkable quality of service.
t Modularity
Alcatel 1000 E10 software consists of independent modules.
t Adaptation to suit customer requirements
A functional release management system is implemented to ensure that standard
modules are compatible. On the basis of the requirements expressed by the
customer, the software is built up of the standard modules available and
dedicated modules. This ensures that the product will satisfy Customers
requirements in all respects.
t Extendibility
Since the software is modular and has standard software interfaces and defined
compatibility structures, new functions can easily be introduced into the system.
3.2.3.2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

The programming language is closely linked to the real time constraints associated
with the function handled by the software module.
Basically, the following programming languages are used:
t C or Assembler where real-time constraints are critical;
t LDS language for call control and signalling;
t Object oriented programming languages (Corba, Java, C++)
3.2.3.3. SOFTWARE LOADING

The software is downloaded from the mass storage units of the exchange monitoring
stations (see figure 8 page 21).
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Local area
SM network
SM ML
SM
ML
ML
SM SM SM
SMM
ML ML ML
ML ML
ML ML
ML ML
Disk
TMN
Figure 8 - Software loading
3.2.4. SERVERS
As the call control becomes more complex every day, Alcatel expanded some call-
related functions on a UNIX server basis. The first applications of that strategy are:
t Data Handling Application for numbering plan, translation, routing, etc (DHA)
t Call Detailed Record Application for billing (CDRA)
This brings numerous advantages in terms of switch evolution:
t Computer and Telephony Integration (CTI)
t Powerful and ergonomic call control functions
t Better efficiency in new developments to speed up time to market response
t Usage of third-party software (compress, FTP, …)
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3.2.4.1. SERVER ARCHITECTURE
The servers are standard third party UNIX Information Technology (IT) platforms,
secured by an Alcatel middle ware which results in a secure carrier-class system.
This IT server platform includes a specific hardware architecture hosting the software
library.
This results in a powerful telecom advanced platform which benefit from the
following advantages:
t Time to market
Use of standardised hardware and UNIX environment programming skills
(openness and libraries) reduces system development time
t Real time
UNIX provides features that facilitate efficient inter-process communication and
synchronisation, a fast interrupt response time, asynchronous input and output
(I/O), memory management functions, file synchronisation, and facilities to satisfy
timing requirements
t Flexibility and openness
Use of standardised building blocks leads to flexible, scalable and fast integration
capabilities of new software and hardware (open interfaces and API’s)
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3.2.4.2. HARDWARE
The server hardware platform includes two stations coupled to work in a duplex
mode:
Dual Dual
RMC RMC
SCSI SCSI
Shared Disk
Local Local
SCSI SCSI
Mirror Disk
Station A Station B
Local Local
Disk Disk
Ethernet CD-ROM CD-ROM Ethernet
SMB Gateway
I/O LAN Router
SMB Gateway
1 … 8
Router
8 RS 232 ports
Local OS
Inter-station LAN
Remote OS
Figure 9 - Server hardware platform
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t One station is active while the other one is in stand-by
t Each station owns its private processing units and disks
t Access to the local Switch Management Assistant, and to remote Switch
Management Centre (X.25, ISDN routers) provided by the I/O function
t Access to the Inter-Station LAN provided through redundant 100 Mbit/s switched
Ethernet LAN and SMB_G
3.2.4.3. SOFTWARE
Alcatel has developed an added value library software which features:
t Data protection features
p File security service (disk mirroring)
p Data Manager (DM) (memory data replication)
t Communication and management features
p Graphical User Interface (GUI)
u hardware management
u on-line version management
p TCP, UDP, IP, FTP.... for inter-platform communication and with standard
equipment
3.2.5. INTER-STATION LAN
The local area network supports communication between the SMs (control stations)
of the Alcatel 1000 E10. The SMs communicate by transferring messages over the
network.
The Local Area Network (Token Ring) comprises up to four communication
multiplexes (16 Mbit/s each).
3.3. CONTROL PLANE
3.3.1. CALL CONTROL
3.3.1.1. PLATFORM
The SM as described in paragraph 3.2.2. page 19 is the hardware support for the
Narrowband call control functions. An SM loaded with the call control MLs is referred
to as SMC. The SMC station is connected to the other control SMs through the inter-
station LAN.
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3.3.1.2. CALL CONTROL ML
The call control MLs form a library of call control software. The call control MLs
supervise the call set up and tear down. They also provide related functions for traffic
measurement and telephone circuit defence.
The call control MLs are involved in:
t Recognising subscriber line states (on-hook, off-hook) and call signals or circuit
seizures detected by access units
t Receiving, storing and analysing address digits received over a line or circuit
t Re-transmitting address digits over circuits using procedures specific to the
signalling code
t Instructing the switching matrix to set up or release connections of the following
types: subscriber-subscriber, calling subscriber-frequency receiver, tone
generator-subscriber, subscriber-conference circuit, subscriber-circuit, circuit-
subscriber, circuit-circuit
t Monitoring time slot assignment, line supervision, line and circuit release, etc., in
access units
t Controlling signalling and tone transmission
t Interfacing with the translation ML to determine the characteristics of a line or
circuit, in order to modify them in some way, for example, entry of an
abbreviated number
t Interfacing with the charging ML to store charging information
t Communicating with an Intelligent Network server.
N+1 redundancy is applied to the call control MLs, N being defined according to
load conditions and defined quality of service.
3.3.1.3. TRANSLATION ML
The translation data form the basic reference memory of the exchange since it
includes the information regarding subscribers, analysis, routing, trunks, circuits and
so forth.
The translation ML is the software module in the SMC that co-ordinates the
translation database and the translation function. It supplies the information required
by the call processing and other functions, and in particular:
t Retrieves the calling line or circuit characteristics to process a new call or on-hook
condition;
t Pre-analyses and analyses the called subscriber’s number, translating the routing,
translating the overflow routing, etc.;
t Manages supplementary services: abbreviated dialling, call forwarding, call
transfer, hot line, automatic alarm call, etc.;
t Manages supplementary services provided by an Intelligent Network server;
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t Supplies the characteristics of equipment for traffic and load observation;
t Executes administration and test operations: file write, read and erase, copying
data to the duplicate translation processor, fault tracing, etc..
When translation specific features are required, an add- translation server can be
added, as explained in the following section.
3.3.1.4. DATA HANDLING APPLICATION SERVER

A translation server hosting the Data Handler Agent (DHA) can be added when
additional numbering plan, translation, routing or O&M features are required. In the
DHA configuration, the server hosts the translation database, and the translation
function is split between the SMC and the server.
The architecture resulting from the server add-on is pictured in figure 10 page 26.
CORBA HTTP
N
M
C
Subscriber
DHA Translation
data
Control plane function
base
Server LAN

gateway
SMC SMA SMB_G
Translation
function
Inter-station LAN
SMT SMX
Transport plane
TU Matrix
Figure 10 – Data Handler Application server
3.3.1.4.1. TRANSLATION FUNCTION

The following are examples where additional translation capabilities for new
functions is required:
t The number of subscriber per switch increases
t New services must be introduced such as:
p Number portability (geographical independent directory number)
p Call filtering
p Resource partitioning
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3.3.1.4.2. SUBSCRIBER DATA BASE
Subscriber profiles are managed using a object oriented Database Management
System (DBMS). Such a tool, in addition to the basic subscriber profile management,
allows a number of operations on the database itself:
t Mass operation (creation, deletion)
t Sorting by criteria
t Counting by criteria
t Data export/import …
DHA clients Managers

(call control) (A1360 SMC)
Import Export
E10 Q/A CORBA
file file
Message Bulk
Interface execution
External objects
Management and service software
(internal object)
OO-DBMS (persistent objects)
Translation server
Figure 11 – DHA Internal architecture
3.3.1.4.3. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Web Man Machine Interfaces (JAVA, HTTP) are available to operate and manage the
translation server. In addition, formal Machine-Machine Commands are also
provided:
Method invocation on objects according to several procedures:
t Elementary operation
t Global operation
t Listing on criteria (SQL like)
This flexibility allows powerful operation, for instance:
t Duplication of a translator, modification, switch-over when required
t Listing of all analysis using the same list of trunks
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3.3.1.5. CHARGING ML
Telephone network operators are invariably anxious to ensure that the charging
function meets their requirements.
This is why the Alcatel 1000 E10 charging function is designed to be flexible, secure
and accurate.
t It has built in flexibility with regard to:
p Charging rules;
p Types of chargeable call;
p Adaptation to all tariff arrangements by the use of modular software and
charging parameters organised in operator-accessible files;
t Security and accuracy are guaranteed by:
p Duplicated hardware charging processor stations working on a load-sharing
basis;
p Duplicated subscriber account memories (updated in both stations at the end
of each call) and data in memory protected by a correction code;
p Periodic dumping of subscriber meters initiated by the OAM function, either
on a routine basis (calendar file) or at the operator's request;
p Internal clock synchronised by the system's time base station.
The charging function:
t Seeks and allocates resources for a call at the beginning of the conversation
phase, and releases these resources at the end of call;
t Recognises metering pulses received on circuits and, where required, retransmits
received or calculated metering pulses in the backward direction;
t Controls transmission of coinbox warning tones and metering pulses for CPE
meters;
t Computes call charges and generates itemised billing information (LAMA, CAMA,
etc.) and/or observation data.
3.3.1.6. CDR APPLICATION SERVER
The volume of traffic now handled by the switch may require to have the Call
Detailed Records (CDR) collected by a dedicated equipment. This equipment is the
CDR server for the Alcatel 1000 E10 as shown in figure 12 page 29:
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Billing
Collecto r
CDRA
Control plane
Server LAN

SMA SMC SMB_G SMM
Inter-station LAN
SM SMX
Transport plane
TU Matrix
Figure 12 - CDR Application server

The SMC generates the charging records on a per call basis (i.e. at the end of a call
or at intermediate record time or at termination of a call attempt) and sends them to
the CDR server via Ethernet.
The SMC sends charging records as blocks of raw records. The server platform
performs secure storage, formatting (cooking) according to the ITU-T Q.825
recommendation and transmission of the billing data to the billing centre (file-
oriented transfer or near real-time transfer).
Cooking of raw records into customised records is performed continuously on a
block by block basis. This means that the cooking process continuously retrieves raw
blocks from the raw buffer, extract the individual records, process and store them in
the working file. When processing of a block is completed and all resulting cooked
records are stored, the raw block is deleted from the raw buffer.
The type of transfer between the CDR server and the billing centre is defined at
installation time:
t File oriented type of transfer, i.e. CMISE controlled FTAM or FTP
t Near real-time transfer type, i.e. CMISE or RPC
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CDR Application
Cooking
Blocks of File
raw records transfer Billing
SMC
Collector
Raw buffer Working file

Record Store
Raw record
Block of raw records
Cooked record
Transfer file
CDR Application
Cooking Near-real
Blocks of time
raw records transfer Billing
SMC
Collector
Raw buffer Transmission

buffer
Figure 13 - File transfer type
3.3.2. NUMBER 7 SIGNALLING CONTROL
3.3.2.1. PLATFORM
The SM as described in paragraph 3.2.2. page 19 is the hardware support for the
number 7 signalling control functions. An SM loaded with the number 7 signalling
control ML is referred to as the SMA.
3.3.2.2. NUMBER 7 SIGNALLING ML

N°7 signalling is used in:
t the local network for communication with CSN;
t the national network for communication with other exchanges and Service
Control Points in Intelligent Networks;
t the international network for communication with international exchanges.
User parts available include the ISUP and CSN UP and the application parts include
the INAP and MAP.
The services offered to the ISUP are those defined by the ITU-T, together with
national services such as call holding, malicious call trace, charging and operator
functions.
A security procedure can be implemented in the SMA to enhance N°7 signalling
network availability. In normal operation, at least two signalling links in the same set
(CSN or external circuits) are allocated to two separate SMA stations. If one the SMA
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station fails, all traffic is handled by the other. To avoid losing the signalling function
altogether if the other link fails and to eliminate the need for urgent maintenance
work, a backup of the SMA station can be provided and defective signalling links
automatically reconfigured.
3.3.3. AUXILIARY CONTROL
3.3.3.1. PLATFORM
Auxiliary functions are managed by the ETA MLs in the SMA stations.
An SMA station contains:
t a main processor with a secondary processor and a common memory;
t line drivers for access to the switching matrix;
t a set of identical line drivers handling auxiliary signal processing functions, and
in particular:
p tone generation (one, two, three or four-frequency signals)
p generation and reception of one or two-frequency signals (MF signal, tone
detection or modulation)
p conference circuits
p V23 couplers (for the CLIP supplementary service)
An SMA station can also incorporate a reference clock for functions such as
charging, itemised billing and observation.
Each SMA station is connected to the switching matrix by up to eight PCM links via
Matrix interfaces.
SMA stations are connected to both the switching matrix and to a number of control
SMC stations through the inter-station LAN.
N + 1 protection and load-sharing principles are applied to SMA stations. Each SMA
can include multi-frequency service unit line.
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3.3.3.2. V5.2
3.3.3.2.1. PHYSICAL CONNECTION

The V5.2 interface consists of up to 16 2-Mbit/s interfaces conforming to ITU-T
recommendations G703, G704, G706.
V5.2 PCMs are randomly connected on PCM connection stations (SMT) according the
creation / modification / extension order.
However, availability rules require that the primary PCM and the secondary PCM of a
V5.2 interface must be connected to different connecting boards (one ETU board
interfaces 4 PCM links)
3.3.3.2.2. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

The AN ML manages the Access Networks:
t The different level 2 of the V5 interface (CONTROL, LINK CONTROL,
PROTECTION, BCC, PSTN, ISDN)
t The levels 3, corresponding to the application level of the above V5 protocols
and interface with the other parts of the system:
p Operation and maintenance
p Call handling
p Charging
p Multiplex connection
The main principles of the Alcatel 1000 E10 software implementation are listed here
after:
t One SM station (SMA) is the support of one AN ML.
t One AN ML can carry out several V5.2 interfaces.
t All signalling flows from AN are processed by the same AN ML. All Communication
Channels (active and standby) are processed by one AN ML.
t A couple of SMA handles a set of AN MLs. The two SMA share the traffic and are
able to carry out the whole traffic if one of them fails. For a given AN one SMA is
active and the other is standby.
The allocation of the active SMA is done when the operator creates the AN.
3.4. TRANSPORT PLANE
In the Alcatel 1000 E10, the transport plane consists of a TDM switching matrix and
Termination Units as described in paragraph 3.2.2. page 19. The switching matrix
and the TUs are both under control of an equipment supervisor, i.e. the SMX multi-
processor station.
This section describes the three elements composing the transport plane, namely:
t The SMX supervision station
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t The TDM switching matrix
t The Termination Units (TUs)
3.4.1. SWITCHING CONTROL STATION
3.4.1.1. PLATFORM
The switching control is ensured by an SM station loaded with the switching control
ML. This SM is then referred to as the SMX, as explained in paragraph 3.2.2. page
19.
The SMX is connected to the inter-station LAN to enable the communication with the
other control SMs, and the switching sub-systems are connected to the physical line
Termination Units (SMT) and the SMA for the Channel Associated Signalling
processing (CAS).
3.4.1.2. SWITCHING CONTROL ML

From an external view point, the switching control ML has the following main
switching control functions:
t Establishing two-way connections between 64 Kbit/s channels on incoming and
outgoing multiplexes
t Connecting incoming 64 Kbit/s channels to frequency receivers
t Connecting the outputs of tone and signal generators and recorded
announcement units to 64 Kbit/s outgoing channels
t Establishing 64 Kbit/s voice or data Semi-permanent connections (for example,
ITU-T N°7 signalling links)
t Distributing timing signals to the SMT stations and CSN access units
As will be explained in the subsequent sections, the switching sub-system relies on an
TDM matrix.
Switching quality is guaranteed by:
t Continuous transmission checking for each connection to ensure that
transmission quality complies with ITU-T Q series Recommendations;
t Continuous checking of connections set up.
t Fault tracing facilities;
t Any equipment failure of which would entail losing more than one PCM link is
duplicated.
Signal propagation times comply with ITU-T Recommendations.
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3.4.2. SWITCHING MATRIX
Main characteristics of the switching matrix:

t Fully duplicated (two branches, CXa and CXb);
t Modular extension with no discontinuity;
The two switching matrices set up two-way channel time slot connections with CSN
access units, SMT connection units and SMA auxiliary stations. Links between these
access units and the matrices are called LR links.
3.4.2.1. SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM INTERFACES

The switching subsystem is connected to access units (CSN, SMT, SMA) with links
operated at 4 Mbit/s (16 bits per channel).
These arrangements, together with the timing signal distribution arrangements
provide a high degree of choice in locating access units around the switching matrix
in the exchange switchroom.
3.4.2.2. SWITCHING FUNCTION SECURITY

The switching matrix has two identical branches, each controlled by a group of SMX.
Since each connection is set up simultaneously in both branches, the active
connection must be selected for each call. This is the role of the branch selection and
amplification function (SAB) which is part of the access unit (SMT, SMA, SCF or CSN)
connected to the switching matrix.
SAB transmitting functions:
t conversion from 8 to 16 bits;
t insertion of the three check bits;
SAB receiving functions:
t selecting the active branch for each call by processing check bits, and in
particular using a parity bit and comparing the individual bits on outgoing
channels of the two branches of the switching matrix;
t conversion from 16 to 8 bits.
The three check bits are used to activate additional transmission and connection
checking procedures.
3.4.2.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE RCX

The RCX has two identical branches (CXa and CXb). Connections are set up for each
call simultaneously in both branches.
Each branch contains the following elements:
t A square matrix with a maximum capacity of 2048 PCM links;
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t Interface ILR with the TUs.
Square matrix
The switching matrix is based on time switch modules which switch time slots from
64 incoming links to 64 outgoing links.
The n x n time switch modules are placed side by side to form a square matrix,
providing a switching subsystem with a maximum capacity of 2048 x 2048 PCM
(where n = 32).
In this way, the switching subsystem can be expanded gradually with no
discontinuity simply by adding time switch modules.
Each connection is set up on a single switch module which means that the matrix has
a single time stage.
This characteristic can be exploited to set up n x 64 kbit/s semi-permanent links. It
also means that the theoretical average transfer time for the MCX is a single frame
(125 microseconds) for any connection.
In addition, the switching subsystem is non-blocking and set-up times are very short.
The square switching matrix is built up by placing up to eight switch modules side by
side.
2048 I/ C links
1-256 1793-2048
1
Swit c h module 1 256 O / G links
8
2048 O / G links
1
Swit c h module 8 256 O / G links
8
Square switching matrix
Eight switch modules support 2048 PCM links. Each switch module is controlled by
an SMX station which handles connection control and provides the interface with
other SM stations and the triplicated timebase. Each module is connected to I/C links
and switches any incoming channel time slot to any outgoing channel time slot on
the 256 O/G links. This structure means that pathfinding is not required.
ILR interfaces
I/C links are connected to ILR interfaces which transmit encoded samples to the
square matrix and receive samples from the matrix for transmission on O/G links.
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The ILR also manages three check bits and test activation bits, and distributes timing
signals.
MCX control
Switching subsystem control functions are handled by the COM software machine
supported by switching SM stations (SMX).
Each switch module (2048 x 256) requires its own SMX station, giving a maximum of
eight SMX stations for each branch.
An SMX station handles control functions for the associated switch module and
provides the interface between this switch module and the control SM station (SMC).
It receives connection and disconnection commands from these SMC stations and
sends responses from the switching subsystem.
In addition, each station receives triplicated timing signals (8 MHz and frame
synchronisation) which it selects on a majority logic basis and distributes to the
switching matrix and SMT and CSN access units via ILR interfaces.
3.4.3. SMT STATION
The PCM system connection station (SMT) connects external PCM links and performs
the initial processes on channel associated signals. It includes:
t termination equipment including the physical interfaces for 2 Mbit/s PCM (128
PCM interfaces) with integrated Echo Cancellers (for IN and PLMN use);
t dual control through two processing subsystems each comprising:
p a main multiplex line driver for dialogue with the LAN;
p a common memory;
p a line driver for the HDLC transmission links with the PCM interfaces;
t units for connection to the switching matrix.
The recorded announcement unit is fully digital and connected via the SMT.
SMT stations are connected to both the switching matrix and to a number of control
SMC stations through the LAN.
Software machines handling PCM link access functions are loaded into dedicated
PCM terminal unit SM stations (SMT).
3.5. MANAGEMENT PLANE
The exchange operation and maintenance function is supported by the SMM station
which is fully duplicated to operate in active/standby mode.
It handles system initialisation, central defence, data security and OAM functions.
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The SMM can be connected to the Network Management Centre (NMC) via X.25
links.
The SMM consists of two half-stations each containing:
t An SM station bus BSM
t A primary processor (PUP) and associated memory
t A primary multiplex line driver (CMP) for communication on inter-station LAN
t A dedicated line driver for connection to two standard SCSI buses. This bus
enables the communication with the SMM’s peripherals such as:
p Hard disks
p Streamer units
p Magnetic tapes
t A dedicated line driver for the link with the "Telecom" bus;
t A dedicated line driver for connection to the other half-station.
The two SCSI buses common to both half-stations support magnetic storage devices:
disks, tapes and streamer.
Each half-station has a Telecom bus for connection to transmission line drivers on
asynchronous (V.24) for connection to the craft terminal or synchronous links (J64,
V.11) for TMN access.
SCSI bus
Inter-station
LAN
MC Duplex SCSI
CMP PUP Common
memory line driver
BSM
COM
line driver
UCA
Telecom Bus
ASL Alarm J64

line driver line driver line driver
Asynchronous Link Alarm X.25 links
Figure 30 - SMM structure

Craft terminals may be:
t PCs or workstations
t printers
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Alcatel has developed applications on these PCs or workstations to provide the
following functions:
t Operator access control (password, etc.)
t Menu mode command selection
t Standard forms for setting options
t Unsolicited message and alarm archiving
t Archived data search and sort functions
t Operator help function
t Multi-language access
t On-line documentation
3.6. OTHER SYSTEM UNITS
The Alcatel 1000 E10 equipment also includes:

t The time-base station;
t The MALs (alarm multiplexes) to marshal alarms;
t The SSE (environment supervision station);
t The MPNA (Alcatel recorded announcement machine) to broadcast
announcements;
t Auxilliary equipment;
t Power supply equipment.
3.6.1. TIME BASE
This station outputs timing and synchronisation signals, and contains:

t A triplicated time-base;
t One or two synchronisation interface clock modules.
The time-base has three operating modes:
t Synchronised;
t Independent (stored);
t Without synchronisation interface.
In synchronised mode, the time-base receives external timing signals via the
synchronisation interface clock. Master/slave synchronisation is used.
The synchronisation interface clock receives synchronisation signals from one or
more SMT stations at up to four ports. It selects the highest priority enabled link. One
or more timing ports can be removed from and returned to service automatically (for
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example, on detecting PCM alarms transmitted by the SMT station). Synchronisation
interfaces filter out all disturbances on synchronisation links.
This arrangement guarantees accuracy and stability to ITU-T Recommendation
G.811, irrespective of synchronisation link disturbances and states.
The synchronisation and time-base station also distributes timing signals to other
stations at the exchange. It transmits an 8 MHz signal and an 8 MHz frame
synchronisation signal to each branch of the switching matrix.
These two signals are tri-plicated and received by the switching SM station which
selects one set of signals by majority logic processing and distributes them to the
switching matrix and physical interfaces.
3.6.2. ALARM MULTIPLEXES
The MALs marshal alarms detected by "local alarm adapters" that are distributed
throughout the system ( see figure 31 page 39).
Central alarms
processing
System Units Alarms Remote controls Environment
Fire
SMX
SMC Hardware
SMA alarms Alarms Power
SMT
SMM M
A Temperature
L
Remote controls
Local alarm panel Siren
Figure 31 - Alarm marshalling and activation of remote controls

The alarms multiplexes marshal the hardware alarms:
t Power faults (converter failures, etc),
t Timing signal faults,
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t Problems detected by the sensors supervising the environment.
The alarm multiplexes are also used to activate remote control circuits telling the
operator that alarms have been generated. Several methods of indication can be
activated in this way:
t Lamp signals (local alarms panel),
t Audible signals,
t Automatic calls to remote operators.
Remote control interfaces are available. Through them, the operator can use
customised signalling methods.
3.6.3. ENVIRONMENT SUPERVISION STATION
The SSE contains the local alarm adapters that monitor the state of the Alcatel 1000
E10 environment. These local alarm adapters generate alarms concerning the
infrastructure (power, fire, ventilation etc) to the central defence function via an alarm
multiplex .
The SSE also contains equipment supporting remote control interfaces designed
mainly to notify the operator in the event of an alarm.
3.6.4. ALCATEL RECORDED ANNOUNCEMENT MACHINE
The MPNA simultaneously broadcasts announcements over two 2 048 Mbit/s PCM
links. Each announcement is generated constantly on a time slot on one of the PCM
links with a pause between successive transmissions.
The MPNA is installed in an SMM subrack. It is managed from a special handhold
terminal.
3.6.5. AUXILLIARY EQUIPMENT
As an option, the Alcatel 1000 E10 racks can support a DAM (voice server).
The DAM connects announcements on request. The alarms generated by the
ancillary equipment are transmitted to the Alcatel 1000 E10 operation and
maintenance system. However, special tools are required to operate the equipment.
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4. CARRIER-CLASS DEFENCE
The Alcatel 1000 E10 is designed to provide uninterrupted service in all

circumstances. The system's defence function reacts automatically to unit failures in
the exchange or to abnormal situations which may be due to circumstances outside
the exchange.
This chapter explains:
t the Alcatel 1000 E10 defence mechanisms
t the regulation mechanisms that minimise the effects of any over load
problems.
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4.1. DEFENCE PRINCIPLES
Defence is based on the following principles:

t redundancy of the system's components
t automatic fault detection
t containment of failures
t automatic reconfiguration of resources
4.1.1. REDUNDANCY OF THE SYSTEM'S COMPONENTS
The redundancy principle can be summarised as follows: any component essential to

the smooth operation of the system is at least duplicated in the system. This principle
applies to both hardware and software components.
Depending on the type of component and the system's configuration, redundancy
takes a range of forms (n + 1 redundancy, worker-standby mode, etc). It is often
accompanied by load sharing between the duplicated components. The diversity of
forms of redundancy is explained by the need to observe the twin imperatives of:
t Ensuring dependability,
t Using the systems resources to best advantage
Units Redundancy mode

SMC The control MLs are redundant. They operate by load sharing
or using the worker ML - standby ML method. In addition, a
standby SMC (not available in very small configurations) can
support any SMC.
SMT The two control stations operate in worker-standby mode
SMA The ML ETA and ML AN operate on a load sharing basis.
SMM The two processor subsystems operate in worker-standby
mode
Switching matrix Each of the network branches has a switching matrix. For
each call, the connections are set up in both branches.
STS The time base station has three separately powered
oscillators. Each branch of the switching network chooses the
timing signal to be broadcast throughout the branch and then
to the connection units. The external synchronisation device is
duplicated
Local area network The multiplexes consist of up to 8 load sharing rings. One
ring of a multiplex is capable of supporting all the load on
that multiplex
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Units Redundancy mode
Alarm multiplex Each alarm multiplex has two alarm marshalling circuits
Data backup Two disks operate in mirror mode (data duplication)
Power supply The stations are supplied by two converters. Each converter is
connected to two power supplies
4.1.2. AUTOMATIC FAULT DETECTION
The Alcatel 1000 E10 constantly audits its units. The audit operates on two levels:
t Locally, with each SM supervising its components and environment,
t Centrally, with the defence function marshalling the information and correlating
the events signalled.
Several methods are used to detect faults:
t Hardware detection devices,
t Background task event counting,
t Routine tests,
t Statistical analysis of detected malfunctions.
In addition to fault detection, the tests are designed to identify and locate the faulty
items to facilitate maintenance.
4.1.3. FAILURE CONTAINMENT
When a serious fault is detected, the faulty unit is taken out of service to prevent the
fault penalising the all system. A unit can be taken out of service because of the
redundancy and the resource reconfiguration capability.
For example, if the faulty unit is an SM, taking it out of service prevents:
t The local network or other SMs from being disrupted,
t Unacceptable messages being sent to it.
4.1.4. AUTOMATIC RECONFIGURATION OF RESOURCES
When a unit is taken out of service, the exchange can have some of its handling
capacity cut (degraded operation linked to load sharing). The defence function then
uses a backup resource. It assigns the backup resource to the functions that were
previously handled by the faulty unit. This automatic reconfiguration allows the
exchange to recover its original processing capacity.
Figure 32 page 44 gives an example of the system's defence reaction with automatic
resource reconfiguration.
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1
Local network
SM1 SM2 SM3

MLxx MLyy
Local network
SM1 SM2 SM3

MLyy MLxx
Local network
SM1 SM2 SM3

MLxx MLyy
Figure 32 - Typical reaction of Alcatel 1000 E10 defence
4.2. LOCAL DEFENCE AND CENTRAL DEFENCE
The Alcatel 1000 E10 defence function is divided into:

t Local defence, handled by each unit,
t Central defence, located in the SMM
LOCAL DEFENCE
Each unit (SM, communication multiplex) detects and reports its own malfunctions.
When a serious fault appears, an SM can shut itself down (self-setting).
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CENTRAL DEFENCE
Supervision of the entire system is centralised. Central defence controls the states of
all units and initiates reconfigurations. If necessary, central defence can initiate a
general restart or a system reset.
Central defence also notifies the operator when operating faults occur.
It uses various signalling methods:
t Messages (alarms, faults, etc)
t Lamp signals
t Audible signals
The signals are graduated to reflect the seriousness of the fault.
4.3. LOAD REGULATION
The regulation mechanisms take effect to avoid congestion in the exchange when
there is an exceptional overload.
Monitoring of unit load is distributed throughout the system:
t Observation of processor load (occupancy ratio, number of items in queues) is
used to indicate possible local overloads,
t Counting the number of calls offered and the number of calls accepted gives the
overall load level in the exchange.
If an overload occurs, calls are selectively rejected to maintain the load at an
acceptable level. Selective rejection ensures that priority calls are accepted.
When the regulation mechanisms take effect, alarm messages are sent to the
operator. Overloads should be exceptional (example: a sudden surge of calls
following a disaster). The regular occurrence of an overload indicates that the system
is under-dimensioned or operation of the exchange has not been properly thought
out.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
5. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
This chapter briefly describes the operation and maintenance tasks

and the tools used.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
5.1. ORGANISATION OF ALCATEL 1000 E10 OAM
Operation and maintenance (OAM) of the Alcatel 1000 E10 is based on terminals
connected to the SMM (see figure 33 page 47).
M
A
L
Lo
ca
ln
etw
or
Back-up store
k
Remote controls
Hardware
Magnetic Tape alarms
Commands,
defence reactions
Streamer SCSI links

SMM
SMM
Command
results,
defence messages,
observations, charging
information, etc
Disk Asynchronous
links X25 links
Externed billing
centre
TMN
Local operation and maintenance

Remote operation and maintenance
Figure 33 - Operation and Maintenance principle
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
LOCAL OR REMOTE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Operation and maintenance can be:
t Local: the terminals are connected to the SMM via asynchronous links,
t Remote: the terminals used are those of the TMN (Telecommunications
Management Network).
These two modes can be combined and operation and maintenance can be mixed.
INTERACTIONS WITH THE SYSTEM
The Alcatel 1000 E10 OAM operator communicates with the system via the
operation interface to:
t Transmit commands,
t Observe command results,
t Observe system reactions (messages).
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TERMINALS
The operator has the following types of terminal:
t PC or Workstations (for remote operation and maintenance),
t Printers,
The input and display consoles are specific to individual tasks. They are used to
manage the connection and control units, manage the SMM and output command
results and unsolicited outputs (output terminal).
The PCFS (PC Frontal Switch) combines on one station all the tools used in operation
and maintenance (OM dialogue terminal, general supervision station and Intelligent
Terminal). So it can be used to perform all operation and maintenance tasks.
5.2. OPERATION
The operation tasks are for specifying how the exchange performs its functions. The
tasks to be performed are divided into domains that reflect the exchange's main
functions.
The next table shows the Alcatel 1000 E10’s operating domains illustrated by
examples of the tasks to be performed. The operator uses a command set supplied
via the operating interface to carry out these tasks.
Domain Typical tasks required

Telephone environment § Construct and manage circuit groups
§ Construct and manage a Nº 7 signalling
network
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
Domain Typical tasks required
§ Manage data links
§ Manage the frame service
§ Supervise PCM link quality
Translation § Manage pre-analysis, analysis and routing
§ Define charging parameters
§ Manage network control mechanisms
(regulation, forwarding, call gapping, etc)
Charging § Manage charging parameters and codes
§ Define the charging calendar
§ Manage itemised billing
Observations § Monitor load on exchange units
§ Monitor load on connection units
§ Monitor load on circuit groups (circuits and
channels)
§ Observe traffic dispersion
§ Observe the call non-completion causes
§ Observe behaviour of subscriber lines and
subscriber line groups
Intelligent network access § Support intelligent network specific features
(telephone environment, translation, charging,
observations)
§ Manage activation of an IN service
Mobile network access § Support mobile network specific features
(telephone environment, translation, charging,
observations)
§ Manage and store call detail records
Subscribers § Manage subscriber lines (analogue and
digital)
§ Supervise subscriber lines
§ Manage supplementary services
§ Install line groups
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
5.3. MAINTENANCE
Maintenance ensures that the system operates correctly. It is divided into:

t Preventive maintenance, which combines all the routine system servicing tasks
t Corrective maintenance, which covers the operations required to restore the
system following a unit failure.
When a fault occurs, the reactions of the defence function allow the system to
continue operating. However, when a unit is out of service, the system is more
vulnerable because the backup resources are in use. Maintenance operations
therefore aim to restore a full set of resources and ensure dependability.
5.3.1. MESSAGES AND SIGNALS GENERATED BY THE SYSTEM
The maintenance operator observes the messages the system generates.

Several types of message are used, but the main ones are alarm messages.
Alarm messages are classified by priority:
t Alarm requiring no immediate action (SI category),
t Deferred action alarm (ID category),
t Prompt action alarm (IM category).
Depending on the urgency, lamp and audible signals may accompany the alarm
message. Remote control interface circuits enable the operator to link specific
signalling resources to alarms to suit the particular needs of the system.
The PGS (general supervision station) makes supervision of the Alcatel 1000 E10
particularly easy. It gives a graphical view of the system's units and their operating
status. The appearance of an alarm is indicated by a change of colour of the unit
causing the problem. The colour of the unit depends on the seriousness of the alarm
(SI, ID or IM category). By clicking on the faulty unit, the operator can obtain the
alarm messages.
5.3.2. MAINTENANCE SUPPORT
The system makes maintenance tasks easier:

t It runs automatic tests to determine the origin of a fault,
t It can run verification tests after repairs,
t It provides the option of running operating tests.
AUTOMATIC FAULT LOCATION TESTS
When an operating fault is identified, the defence mechanisms run a test on the
faulty unit. This "LOCAVAR" test serves to identify and locate the faulty item.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
An alarm message is generated at the end of the test. Whenever possible, it gives the
precise address of the item to be replaced. In this case, maintenance merely
requires:
t Replacing the item specified in the message,
t Checking out operation,
t Returning to service the unit that was taken out of service by the defence function.
VERIFICATION TESTS AFTER REPAIRS
When a unit has been replaced (example: an SM board), the operator runs a
LOCAVAR test which analyses each of the unit's elements. This test is designed to
check that the new item is operating correctly. It is run by operator command.
OPERATING TESTS
As part of preventive maintenance or to run checks when faults have been identified,
the system provides different types of tests:
t Circuit tests,
t Analogue subscriber telephone and line tests.
The analogue subscriber telephone and line tests use special equipment called test
call responders that are installed in the subscriber line connection units (CSN, CNE).
5.4. OPERATOR ACCESS MANAGEMENT
Access to Alcatel 1000 E10 operator commands is protected. The operator

responsible for managing access defines:
t Commands that can be accessed from a terminal,
t Commands that can be used by particular operators.
The organisation of access rights can be used to customise terminals for pre-set
tasks. It also provides the option of protecting access to sensitive commands.
COMMAND CLASSES AND PASSWORDS
The system's operator commands are divided into 16 classes. There is one command
class for each type of operating task (example: management of subscribers and
supplementary services). The allocation of commands to the different classes can be
changed.
The use of a terminal is restricted to the commands in the classes assigned to that
terminal. Some of the command classes assigned to the terminal require a password
and the others have open access. Each operator has a password for access to certain
command classes.
When a command is entered, the system runs a double check:
t On the rights assigned to the terminal being used,
t On the rights assigned to the user.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
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6. ENGINEERING
The Alcatel A1000 E10 system offers a great capacity to adapt itself to more and
more severe environmental (climatic, electromagnetic) standards and to incorporate
technological advances (size of memories, new microprocessors, introduction of
optical fibres).
6.1. TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT
6.1.1. COMPONENTS
The system uses the following types of component:

t MSI and LSI CMOS integrated circuits;
t Standard complex circuits such as microprocessors, memories and peripheral
devices are market available;
t Custom and semi-custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). They are
all 0.5 or 1 µm CMOS components with a double lead connection layer. The
most complex ASICs have approximately 250 000 gates and up to 240 leads.
They are encapsulated in Pin Grid Array (PGA) or Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
(PLCC) or Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) packages for Surface Mounted
Technology. The Alcatel 1000 E10 system uses approximately 20 types of ASIC.
6.2. BOARDS
Circuit boards are of standard 8U dimensions (234 mm x 350 mm) with a 1.6 mm
thickness and have from 2 to 8 layers.
The design of the board minimises radiated electromagnetic disturbance.
Printed circuit etching complies to UTE class 5 or 6.
Surface Mounted Technology is widely used.
A hard plastic front panel is used to prevent electrostatic discharges and to enable
the board to be easily locked into position and released.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
6.2.1. SUBRACKS AND BACKPLANES
The boards are housed in

standard subracks: Power supply level
t Height 8 U, (interface and supervision)
(1U = 30.48 mm);

t Width 154 units, Baffle
(1 unit = 5.08 mm).
Subrack backplanes are 101.6
multilayer printed circuits with
the following characteristics: 273
2098
t thickness 3.2 mm;
t six layers as standard; Subrack
t solderless insertion
connectors.
Two planes carry the 5 V and Lockable 8-U format board
electrical ground power supplies.
The copper layers carrying these Individual board guide
0
supplies cover the entire plane to 896
65
reduce electromagnetic
radiation. For the same reasons, Rack structure
exposed areas on the outer
layers are covered by the ground
grid.
There are two methods of board connection:

t by two DIN HE11 3 x 32-contact connectors and an eight-pin power connector;
t by a single DIN HE17 320-contact connector, with some contacts reserved for
power supply.
Inter-rack links consist of removable leads fitted with the same type of connectors as
the circuit boards.
Screened cables are used for all inter-subrack and inter-rack links.
6.2.2. RACKS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
All Alcatel 1000 E10 racks have the same dimensions:

t Height 2200 mm;
t Width 900 mm;
t Depth 650 mm.
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Each rack holds five or six subracks separated by baffles which provide thermal
protection.
Since doors, upper and bottom grilles are punched, racks are cooled by natural
convection.
The power distribution is duplicated so that converters are fed by two entirely
separate circuits.
Upper EMI screen - Hyperfrequency seals

between all dismountable
parts
Upper EMI strip
- Integral cable tray
Support structure
Subrack
Baffle
Air path
Door
Bottom grid
EMI rack-suite end panel
Rack shielding
Since a cable tray equipment is incorporated into each rack, the exchange cable tray
is built by racks placed side by side in rows, and by additional cable ducts between
rows. The cable tray is located at the top of the racks.
The continuous cladding of racks in rows forms an actual Faraday cage. In addition,
inter-row cabling is run inside a single Faraday cage, formed by the merger of rows
thanks to fully shielded cable ducts.
All possible sources of radiation leakage at sensitive points (doors, grilles, cable
inlets) are eliminated. Particular care is taken to filter out interference at power inlets
and to drain off to mechanical ground charges collected and driven by screenings on
external link cables (power, PCM links, subscriber lines).
6.2.3. RACKS: STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS
For engineering and installation being convenient, a limited range of racks is

designed to house the different types of equipment used in the system: subscriber
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
line, switching matrices, control unit processors, auxiliary function boards, power
supply, etc.
6.2.3.1. SUBSCRIBER LINES

A comprehensive description (related to functionalities, hardware design,
engineering, packaging, range of capacities, types of available equipment, etc.)
about the Alcatel 1000 E10 subscriber access units is given in a product description
referenced as: Alcatel 1000 E10 Subscriber Connection Units.
6.2.3.2. SWITCHING MATRIX (RCX)

The RCX switching matrix is housed in the following racks.
t XA rack containing three subracks:
p two complete branches of the switching matrix for capacities of up to 256
PCM links;
p all or part of a switching matrix branch for expansion to accommodate up to
1024 PCM links;
t XB rack containing five subracks forming all or part of a switching matrix branch,
for expansion up to a capacity of 2048 PCM links.
XA
XA
ILR A B
MT A
MT B
B
MCX MCX 1024 PCM
256 PCM
A
XB
Branch
B
Branch
A
MCX 2048 PCM
RCX Switching matrix racks
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
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6.2.3.3. CONTROL UNITS
The following control unit racks are installed.
t CA rack containing one main control station (SMC), one synchronisation and
timebase station (STS), recorded announcement units (MP) and one maintenance
station (SMM);
t CB rack containing three main control stations (SMC) and two auxiliary control
stations (SMA);
t UD rack containing one SMC station and two SMT stations (PCM terminal unit
stations);
t UE rack containing one SMC station, two SMA stations and one SMT station;
t UC rack containing four auxiliary control stations (SMA) and one SMC station;
t Compact configuration SK rack containing two main control stations (SMC), two
Maintenance Stations (SMM), two auxiliary control stations, synchronisation and
one timebase station, digital recorded announcement unit (MP) and a duplicated
switching matrix (MCX). This rack can be installed in a building or a twenty-foot
container.
CA CB UD
SMC SMC SMC
STS SMC
SMT
MP SMC
SMM SMA
SMT
SMA
UE UC SK
CXa CXb
SMC
SMC
SMT
SMA
SMT SMM STS
SMA
SMM MP
SMA SMA
SMC SMA
SMA
SMA SMC SMA
Control unit racks
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
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6.2.3.4. AUXILIARY RACKS
Miscellaneous auxiliary functions are provided through the following racks:
p DBM rack: for up to two magnetic tape units;
p SDE rack: for 48V-DC power distribution;
p MPR rack: for 48 V power distribution;
p ZD rack: for up to 6 Digital Announcement Machines (DAM) which can be
used for IN announcements;
p ZH rack: can house various equipment like ATME units, Modems, TNE1,
Analogue Announcement Machine, external echo cancellers, and provides
them 230V-AC power supply;
6.2.3.5. EXCHANGE CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE
The following figure gives an example for a 20 000 lines exchange arrangement.
CSN CSN CSN CSN CSN CSN CSN CSN
CSN CSN 256 256 SMC SMC SMC

a b
256 PCM STS
a
SMT
256 PCM MP
b
SMM SMA 2,80 m
SMA SMA
7,30 m
MP : Digital announcement
STS : Time base
Local exchange : 20 000 local subscribers (0,08 E)

power consumption : 3 000 W
Number of racks : 4
with one meter clearance around equipment : 44 m2
20 000 lines Alcatel 1000 E10 exchange
6.3. POWER SUPPLY
The power supply of an exchange includes 3 stages:

t The primary energy: mainly consisting of the local public mains input (e.g.: 50 Hz
AC for a voltage of 230/400 Volts).
t The secondary energy: intermediate stage providing 48 Volts DC from the mains
(48 V is the characteristic of the telephone facilities and the nominal battery
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
voltage). Its main role is to back up the power supply function through the use of
accumulator batteries.
t The tertiary energy: this is the stage converting the 48 V DC into voltages that can
be used by the PCBs (mainly 3.3 V and 5 V). This stage is integrated into the
switching system.
Each energy level has an associated set of equipment items, which transforms the
power available at the input into electrical energy adapted to the lower level.
6.3.1. ORGANISATION
The Alcatel A1000 E10 system can be fed either from a standard external power
station or from integrated stations. This second solution is offered in the form of
equipment developed by Alcatel and presented in one or more MPR24 racks
implemted in the Alcatel 1000 E10 rows.
6.3.1.1. PRIMARY LEVEL
It includes:
t the HV / LV transformation station
t the emergency power generating unit
t the "low voltage" distribution switchboard.
6.3.1.2. SECONDARY LEVEL
Two configurations are possible, depending on whether the energy supply is

centralised or decentralised.
6.3.1.2.1. EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY
The external power supply includes:

t for the DC part:
p several rectifiers (generally speaking, redundant items of equipment "n+1")
p several 48 V outlets
p a control used to control the secondary power plant
p batteries
t for the AC part:
p at least one inverter
p a power box.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
S W IT C H IN G R O O M te rtia ry
S U P E R V IS IO N R O O M
e n e rg y
S D E S D E O p e r a to r s
te rm in a ls
le ve l
4 8 V d is t r i b . 2 3 0 V d is t r ib .
Secondary
energy
48 V 230 V le v e l
P O W E R P L A N T
R e c tifie r s
B a tte rie s = =
4 8 V m is c e l.
(T ra n s m is s io n ,
b u ild in g s ,...) In v e rte rs
P rim a r y
e n e rg y
le v e l
L V d is trib u tio n s w itc h b o a r d
P o w er T ra n s fo rm e r
g e n e r . u n it
P u b lic m a in s
Figure 39 - Power scheme
6.3.1.2.2. INTEGRATED POWER SUPPLY- MPR24
The integrated power supply is housed in the MPR24 rack whose characteristics
includes:
t One monitoring control handling all installed MPR24 racks;
t Distribution lines per rack;
t Connections to batteries (common to all installed MPR24 racks);
t MPR24 rack is fed with three-phase 400 V (+19%, -34%), 50 or 60 Hz, the
output is 24 kW under 54 V.
t MPR24 receives 3 subracks, each housing 1-8 rectifiers;
t Each rectifier is fed with single-phase 230 V ± 15% and generates 54V 18 Amps.
These rectifiers accept, in degraded mode, voltages ranging from 150-275 V.
t The exchange can be be fitted with a number of MPR24 racks.
t Matching devices to various "mains" voltage standards are available.
Note that when uninterrupted AC supply is required, an INV10 rack with a scalable
capacity from 3 to 21 kVA can be offered.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
Circuit-breakers
1 2 3
Rectifiers
Fan unit 1
Fan unit 2
outlets
Figure 40 – MPR24 rack
6.3.1.3. TERTIARY LEVEL
The tertiary energy level is part of each subrack in the exchange.

It comprises the 48 V/3.3 V-5 V converters and the distribution of these low voltages
for the boards supply.
The 48 V power distributed from the Power Supply Stations (when the secondary
power plant is centralised) or from the MPR24 distribution is input to the subracks as
2 independent inlets.
In steady state, the operating range is included between a minimum voltage of 40 V
and a maximum voltage of 57 V.
6.3.1.4. EARTHING
A single earth bonding must be made or the various earth connections must be
interconnected to avoid bodily injuries and equipment damage.
The building armouring must be connected to this earthing.
The wire cross sections of the conductors connecting the equipment ground to the
earthing connection plate must be sufficient to withstand the maximum current of the
possible default current and to allow the protections to work.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
The network of ground conductors must be unique and meshed. The recommended
ground value must be below 2 ohms.
6.4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
6.4.1. RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGES
Alcatel recommends to comply with the following ranges, which are generally
obtained in rooms fitted with air conditioning systems.
Air temperature 15° C to 32° C

Relative humidity 20% to 60%
6.4.2. LIMIT CONDITIONS
Four types of climatic conditions are defined in standard ETS 300 019:
6.4.2.1. NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
These are defined by all the pairs of "temperature – relative humidity" values, for
which the equipment items must operate without any alteration of performance and
without any time restriction.

6.4.2.2. EXCEPTIONAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
These are defined by all the pairs of "temperature – relative humidity" values, outside
the normal conditions, and in which the equipment items must be able to operate for
a period of 72 consecutive hours, with alteration of some performance values
allowed.
(start-up cannot be guaranteed for temperatures below 0 ° C)
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
6.4.2.2.1. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR PACKED EQUIPMENT
These requirements mainly concern the transportation and handling on site of the
items of equipment. These conditions shall not exceed 30 days.
Air temperature -25° C to 70° C

6.4.2.2.2. STORAGE CONDITIONS FOR EQUIPMENT NOT PACKED

It is admitted to store the Alcatel A1000 E10 equipment unpacked. These conditions
shall not exceed 2000 hours.
Air temperature -5° C to 45° C

More restrictive ranges may be defined for the equipment of IT origin according to
the model provided. Alcatel guarantees correct operation of the whole system if the
recommended operating range is complied with.
6.4.3. OTHER STANDARDS
Design of the telephone equipment is governed by various standards concerning:

t electromagnetic compatibility (CEI 1000, EN 55022, EN 50082, EN 61000, ETS
300386-1,…)
t power supply and earthing (ETS 300 132-2, CEI 364, UIT K27, ETS 300 253)
t equipment safety (CEI 950, EN 60950)
t applicable mechanical requirements (ETS 300 019)
The Alcatel A1000 E10 equipment can also be adapted on request to comply with
antisismic standards ETS 300 019-1-3 and GR-63-CORE 4.4.1 and 5.4 .1.
6.5. INSTALLATION
6.5.1. EASIER INSTALLATION WORK
The expertise acquired by Alcatel in the installation techniques offers the best
possible guarantees for quick and hazard-free commissioning. These operations are
made even simpler thanks to the debugging, in the factory, of the hardware and
software that will be implemented on the sites. The thorough testing of an exchange
fitted with its software programs prior to shipment results in a far less complex
commissioning and in shorter lead-times.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
6.5.2. BUILDINGS CHARACTERISTICS
An Alcatel A1000 E10 exchange can be laid out either in a building or in a

container.
The Alcatel A1000 E10 equipment can be installed in standard buildings, without
any particular requirements as to the room height or floor load.
The racks are installed in rows. Alcatel has typical installation drawings available,
which are suited for most situations. Yet, specific installation drawings are produced
upon request to take the actual building configuration into account.
As for any modern electronic system, the exchange room is better air-conditioned.
6.6. EXTENSIONS
Extensions are implemented without any service interruption by installation of

additional stations, reconfiguration and extension of the number of rings.
6.6.1. INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL STATIONS
It consists in adding one or more control stations on which the appropriate software
packages will be installed. The configuration of the other stations is not modified. As
far as the stations intercommunication is concerned, the only modification required
consists in updating the routing tables of the operating system after the software
machines presence has been declared.
The new control station is first connected to one of the physical LAN rings which is
then started up again. Then the same operations are carried out on the other
physical ring.
6.6.2. EXTENSION WITH RECONFIGURATION
This operation implies a modification of the distribution of the software machines on

the control stations. Predefined configurations of software machines on stations are
implemented. Each extension consists in switching from one predefined configuration
to another. The description of each new configuration is used to update the routing
tables.
6.6.3. EXTENSION OF THE NUMBER OF RINGS
It is also possible to extend the system capacity by adding logical rings. In this case,
two control stations at least (for defence reasons) are declared as gateways between
an existing logical ring and the new logical ring, then new stations are inserted on
this ring by applying the procedure to install the additional stations.
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
7. GLOSSARY
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AN Access Network
ANT ADSL Network Termination
ATME Automatic Testing Measurement Equipment
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempt
BRA Basic Rate Access (for ISDN subscriber line)
BSM SM Station Bus
CCS7 Common Channel Signalling number 7
CDRA Call Detail Record Agent
CMISE Common Management Information Service (Real time file
transfer protocol)
CN Digital Concentrator
CNE Remote Digital Concentrator
CNL Local Digital Concentrator
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CS1 Channel Signalling One, signalling protocol for IN
CSN Subscriber Digital Access Unit
DHA Data Handler Agent
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
FTAM File Transfer Access and Management Protocol
IN Intelligent Network
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Standard Organisation
LAN Local Area Network
LEX Local Exchange
LOCAVAR Internal fault tracing software
MAL Alarm Multiplex
MAS Control Station Access Multiplex
MCX Switching matrix
MIS Interstation Multiplex
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001
ML Software Machine
ML SM SM Station Software Machine
MMC Man/Machine Communication
MTP Message Transfer Part
NB Narrowband
NMC Network Management Centre
NT Network Termination
OSI Open System Interconnection
OSS Operation Support System
PCFS Personnal Computer Frontal Switch
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PGS General Supervision Panel
PRA Primary Rate Access (for ISDN subscriber line)
PUP Primary Processor
PUS Secondary Processor
SCF Service Control Function
SCP Service Control Point
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SM Multiprocessor Station
SMA Auxiliary SM Station
SMC Main Control SM Station
SMM Maintenance SM Station
SMT PCM Terminal Unit SM Station
SP Signalling Point
SS7 N° 7 signalling network
SSP Service Switching Point
STP Signalling Transfer Point
STS Synchronisation and TimeBase SM Station
TAP Call Handling Function
TASC Tele-Assistance Service Centre
TAX Charging Function
TC TransCoder
TMN Telecommunications Management Network
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
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TS Time Slot
TU Terminal Unit
UCX Control and Connection Unit
UNIX® is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories in the United States
and other countries.
®ORACLE is a registered trademark of ORACLE CORPORATION, BELMONT,
MULTISERVICE SWITCH
03/09/2001

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION

ALCATEL 1000 E10

This document presents the Alcatel 1000 E10 Multiservice system.

2. WHAT CAN WE DO FOR YOU? ............................................................................. 6

3. PLATFORM DESCRIPTION .................................................................................... 13

4. CARRIER-CLASS DEFENCE ................................................................................... 41

5. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...................................................................... 46

The Alcatel 1000 E10 is a multi-service exchange.

ISPs E10 E10 (MSC)

This chapter explains the different contexts in which the Alcatel

2.1.1. SUBSCRIBER LINE CONNECTION VIA THE CSN

2.1.2. V5.1 AND V5.2 INTERFACES

2.1.3. TRANSIT EXCHANGE

Figure 2 - Connecting mobile subscribers

2.2.1. MOBILE RADIO APPLICATION

The SSP is made of:

2.2.2. BILLING ASPECT

2.3. INTELLIGENT NETWORK

Figure 3 – TMN environment

This chapter explains:

Application plane Customer services

Alcatel 1000 E10

Standard physical Co-located

Figure 4 - Alcatel 1000 E10’s functional structure

3.1.1. THE TRANSPORT PLANE

3.1.3. THE MANAGEMENT PLANE

3.2. ORGANIC VIEW

3.2.1. A DISTRIBUTED AND SCALABLE ARCHITECTURE

Note(s): To minimise the hardware amount in small and medium-sized

Operation And Maintenance

SMT SMT SMX

PCM PCM Matrix

Figure 5 - Distributed architecture

Multi-processor station (SM)

Main agent Agent # k

3.2.3. SOFTWARE MODULE (ML)

3.2.3.1. SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT

3.2.3.2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

3.2.3.3. SOFTWARE LOADING

Figure 8 - Software loading

Figure 9 - Server hardware platform

u on-line version management

3.2.5. INTER-STATION LAN

3.3. CONTROL PLANE

3.3.1. CALL CONTROL

3.3.1.4. DATA HANDLING APPLICATION SERVER

Operation And Maintenance

Figure 10 – Data Handler Application server

3.3.1.4.1. TRANSLATION FUNCTION

DHA clients Managers

Figure 11 – DHA Internal architecture

3.3.1.4.3. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

3.3.1.6. CDR APPLICATION SERVER

Operation And Maintenance

Figure 12 - CDR Application server

Raw buffer Working file

Raw buffer Transmission

Figure 13 - File transfer type

3.3.2. NUMBER 7 SIGNALLING CONTROL