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    Chemistry

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    nethh visoria
    Chemistry Reviewer for 1st year college

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    Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    nethh visoria
    12 views2 pages
    Chemistry Reviewer for 1st year college

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    Chemistry Reviewer for 1st year college

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views2 pages

    Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    nethh visoria
    Chemistry Reviewer for 1st year college

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Chemistry- Study of matter Double Displacement – the anions are

    Matter – anything that has mass exchanged between two compounds, or


    Ionic Bonding- sharing of electrons salts. Such reactions results in different
    2 Types of ion: combination of cations and anions.
    Anion- negative Example: BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 +
    Cation- positive 2NaCl
    Balancing Equation Acid Base Reactions- An acid and a base
    Example: combines to give salt and water. This
    CH4+O2  CO2 + H2O reaction is called as a neutralization reaction
    = CH4+O2  CO2 + 2H2O or just acid-base reaction.
    AgI + Na2S  Ag2S + NaI Example: HBr + KOH →→ H2O + KBr
    Combustion Reaction - Combination of
    = 2AgI + Na2S  Ag2S + 2NaI any substance with oxygen results in
    combustion, leading to the burning of the
    compounds to its elementary products
    Example: C4H10 + O2 →→ CO2 + H2O

    Mole Relationships- count mass and moles


    of an element or compound

    Chemistry of water
    Properties of water
    1. Attraction to polar molecules
    2. High specific heat
    3. High heat of vaporization
    4. Lower density of ice
    5. High polarity

    Solubility Rules
    1. Salts containing Group I
    elements (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+) are
    soluble . There are few exceptions to
    Ozone layer Chemistry this rule. Salts containing the
    Air pollutants ammonium ion (NH4+) are also
    Nox, Sox, Co, PM soluble.
    2. Salts containing nitrate ion (NO3-)
    Types of reactions are generally soluble.
    Synthesis or Combination – Combine to 3. Salts containing Cl -, Br -, or I - are
    form one generally soluble. Important
    Example: H2 + ½ O2  H2O exceptions to this rule are halide salts
    Decomposition- One reactant = 2 or more of Ag+, Pb2+, and (Hg2)2+. Thus,
    products AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2 are
    Example: C6H12O6  2C2H5OH + 2CO2 insoluble.
    Single Displacement- Cation or an anion is 4. Most silver salts are insoluble.
    exchanged from a compound AgNO3 and Ag(C2H3O2) are
    Example: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
    common soluble salts of silver; C3H6 – propene
    virtually all others are insoluble. C4H8 – butene
    5. Most sulfate salts are soluble. C5H10 – pentene
    Important exceptions to this rule C6H12 – hexene
    include CaSO4, BaSO4, PbSO4, C7H18 - heptene
    Ag2SO4 and SrSO4 . C8H20 – octene
    6. Most hydroxide salts are only C9H22 – nonene
    slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of C10H24 – decene
    Group I elements are soluble.
    Hydroxide salts of Group II elements Alkynes – triple bond
    (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are slightly soluble. C2H2 - ethyne
    Hydroxide salts of transition metals C3H4 – propyne
    and Al3+ are insoluble. Thus, C4H6 – butyne
    Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Co(OH)2 are not C5H8 – pentyne
    soluble. C6H10 – hexyne
    7. Most sulfides of transition metals are C7H12 - heptyne
    highly insoluble, including CdS, C8H14 – octyne
    FeS, ZnS, and Ag2S. Arsenic, C9H16 – nonyne
    antimony, bismuth, and lead sulfides C10H18 – decyne
    are also insoluble.
    8. Carbonates are frequently insoluble. Naming Compounds
    Group II carbonates (CaCO3, SrCO3,
    and BaCO3) are insoluble, as
    are FeCO3 and PbCO3.
    9. Chromates are frequently insoluble.
    Examples
    include PbCrO4 and BaCrO4.
    10. Phosphates such as Ca3(PO4)2 and
    Ag3PO4 are frequently insoluble.
    11. Fluorides such as BaF2, MgF2,
    and PbF2 are frequently insoluble.

    Alkanes- single bond


    CH4 - methane
    C2H6 – ethane
    C3H8 – propane
    C4H10 – butane
    C5H12 – pentane
    C6H14 - hexame
    C7H16 - heptane
    C8H18 - octane
    C9H20 - nonane
    C10H22 – decane

    Alkenes – Double bond


    C2H4 - ethene

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