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    Concept of Subtransient, Transient & Steady State: Facebookwhatsapptwitterlinkedin

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    S.M.Touhidur Rahman
    When an alternator experiences a short circuit, three states occur in the fault current: 1. Subtransient state - During the first few cycles, current rises rapidly to 10-18 times the full load current due to high reactance. 2. Transient state - Current decrement is less rapid than in subtransient state. Circuit breakers separate during this state. 3. Steady state - Current reaches a steady sinusoidal waveform. Reactances are defined for each state.

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    Concept of Subtransient, Transient & Steady State: Facebookwhatsapptwitterlinkedin

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    S.M.Touhidur Rahman
    290 views4 pages
    When an alternator experiences a short circuit, three states occur in the fault current: 1. Subtransient state - During the first few cycles, current rises rapidly to 10-18 times the full load current due to high reactance. 2. Transient state - Current decrement is less rapid than in subtransient state. Circuit breakers separate during this state. 3. Steady state - Current reaches a steady sinusoidal waveform. Reactances are defined for each state.

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    Subtransient

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    Subtransient

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    When an alternator experiences a short circuit, three states occur in the fault current: 1. Subtransient state - During the first few cycles, current rises rapidly to 10-18 times the full load current due to high reactance. 2. Transient state - Current decrement is less rapid than in subtransient state. Circuit breakers separate during this state. 3. Steady state - Current reaches a steady sinusoidal waveform. Reactances are defined for each state.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    290 views4 pages

    Concept of Subtransient, Transient & Steady State: Facebookwhatsapptwitterlinkedin

    Uploaded by

    S.M.Touhidur Rahman
    When an alternator experiences a short circuit, three states occur in the fault current: 1. Subtransient state - During the first few cycles, current rises rapidly to 10-18 times the full load current due to high reactance. 2. Transient state - Current decrement is less rapid than in subtransient state. Circuit breakers separate during this state. 3. Steady state - Current reaches a steady sinusoidal waveform. Reactances are defined for each state.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Concept of Subtransient, Transient & Steady State

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    The concept of Subtransient, Transient and Steady State arises in case of fault in an
    Alternator. Let us assume a sudden short circuit in three phase of alternator. The fault
    current will flow in all the three phases of alternator and its waveform will be as shown
    in figure below.

    When the alternator is short-circuited, the currents in all the three-phases rise rapidly
    to a high value of about 10 to 18 times of full load current, during the first quarter cycle.
    The flux crossing the air gap is large during a first couple of cycles. The reactance
    during these first two or three cycle is least and the short circuit current is high. This
    reactance is called subtransient reactance and is denoted by X”. The first few cycles
    come under sub-transient state.

    After a first few cycles, the decrement in the r.m.s. value of short circuit current is less
    rapid than the decrements during the first few cycles. This state is called the
    Transient State and the reactance in this state is called transient reactance X’.
    The circuit breaker contacts separate in the transient state.
    Finally the transient dies out and the current reaches a steady sinusoidal state called
    the Steady State. The reactance in this state is called steady state reactance Xd. Since
    the short circuit current of the alternator lags behind the voltage by 90 degree, the
    reactance involved are direct axis reactance.

    As clear from the figure above, the d.c. components in the three phases are different;
    hence the waveforms of the three phases are not identical. If voltage of phase, say, Y,
    is maximum at the instant of short circuit, the DC component of short circuit current is
    zero. Hence the waveform is symmetrical as shown in figure below.

    The currents and reactance are given by the following expressions,


    Where

    I = Steady state current, r.m.s. value

    I’ = Transient current, r.m.s. value

    I” = Sub-transient current, r.m.s. value

    Ea = Induced e.m.f. per phase

    Xd = Direct axis synchronous reactance

    Xd’ = Direct axis transient reactance

    Xd” = Direct axis sub-transient reactance

    As the short circuit occurs, the short-circuit current attains high value. The circuit
    breaker contact starts separating after the operation of the protective relay. The
    contacts of the circuit breaker separate during ‘transient state.’ The r.m.s. value of the
    current at the instant of the contact separation is called the breaking current of the
    circuit-breaker and is expressed in kA.

    If a circuit-breaker closes on existing fault, the current would increase to a high value
    during the first, half cycle. The highest peak value of the current is reached during the
    peak of the first current loop. This peak value is called making current of the circuit
    breaker and is expressed in kA. This is the reason making current of Circuit Breaker is
    higher than the Breaking Current.

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