Appendix B

Quick Reference

Table 1 Python input, output, variables

Leaving reminders by using Using constants
comments
# whole-line comment SIZE = 100 # upper case name
print("hello") # end-of-line comment
Printing to the screen Reading from the keyboard
(Python V2)
print(10) # print a number name = raw_input("your name?")

print("hello") # print a string age = int(raw_input("how old?"))

print(a) # print a variable nextYearAge = age + 1

Storing values in variables Using Boolean variables
a = 10 # an integer (whole) number anotherGo = True

b = 20.2 # a decimal number while anotherGo:

message = "hello" # a string choice = int(raw_input("choice?"))

finished = True # a Boolean if choice == 8:

high_score = None # no value anotherGo = False

Converting strings to (integer) Converting numbers to strings
numbers
size = int(size) print("your age is:" + str(age))
Calculating with number Calculating absolute values and
variables differences
b = a + 1 # addition absolute = abs(-1) # absolute is 1

c = a - 1 # subtraction difference = abs(x1-x2)

d = a * 2 # multiplication smallest = min(x1, x2)

e = a / 2 # division largest = max(x1, x2)

f = a % 2 # remainder after division

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 Table 2 Python loops
Looping Using counted loops
a = 0 for a in range(10):

while a<100: print(a) # 0..9

print(a) for a in range(5, 50, 5):

a = a + 1 print(a) # 5..45 in steps of 5

Looping through all characters Splitting comma-separated
in a string strings
name = "Charlotte" line = "one,two,three"

for ch in name: data = line.split(",")

print(ch) for d in data:

print(d)

Table 3 Python conditions

Using if statements Using if/else statements
if a==42: if a==5:

print("the ultimate answer") print("correct")

else:

print("wrong")
Using elif/else for multiple choices Checking multiple conditions
with and, or
if a==1: if choice>0 and choice<=8:

print("option A") print("in range")

elif a==2: if choice<1 or choice>8:

print("option B") print("out of range")

else:

print("anything else")
Checking for different or same Checking for less with if
with if
if a!=1: if a<1:

print("not equal") print("less than")

if a==1: if a<=1:

print("equal") print("less than or equal")

Checking opposites with not Checking for greater with if
playing = True if a>1:

if not playing: print("greater than")

print("finished") if a>=1:

print("greater than or equal")

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 Table 4 Python functions
Defining and calling functions Passing parameters to functions
def myname(): def hello(name):

print("my name is Laura") print("hello " + name)

myname() hello("Andrew")

myname() hello("Geraldine")
Returning values from functions Writing to global variables inside
functions
def smallest(a, b): treasure_x = 0

if a<b:

return a def build():

return b global treasure_x

print(smallest(10, 20)) treasure_x = 10

Table 5 Python lists

Creating lists Adding to the end of a list
a = [] # an empty list a.append("hello")
a = [1, 2, 3]#an initialised list
Printing the contents of a list Working out the size of a list
print(a) print(len(a))
Accessing items in a list by Accessing the last item in a list
their index
print(a[0]) # 0=first item, 1=second print(a[-1])
Removing the last item from a list Looping through all items in a list
word = a.pop() # remove last item for name in ["David","Gail","Janet"]:

print(word) # item just removed print(name)

Table 6 Other Python modules

Delaying for a short amount of time Generating random numbers
import time import random

time.sleep(1) # wait 1 second print(random.randint(1,100))

Getting the current date/time Using maths functions
import datetime import math

dateNow = datetime.datetime.now() radians = math.radians(angle)

import time sin = math.sin(radians)

timeNow = time.time() cos = math.cos(radians)

squareRoot = math.sqrt(number)

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 Table 7 File processing
Reading lines from a file Writing lines to a file
f = open("data.txt", "r") f = open("scores.txt", "w")

tips = f.readlines() f.write("Victoria:26000\n")

f.close() f.write("Amanda:10000\n")

for t in tips: f.write("Ria:32768\n")

print(t) f.close()
Getting a list of matching Stripping unwanted white space
filenames from strings
import glob a = "\n\n hello \n\n"

names = glob.glob("*.csv") a = a.strip()

for n in names: print(a)

print(n)

Table 8 Accessing hardware

Configuring GPIO pins Reading and writing GPIO pins
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO #RaspberryPi GPIO.output(5, True) # on (3.3V)

import anyio.GPIO as GPIO #Arduino GPIO.output(5, False) # off (0V)

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) if GPIO.input(6) == False:

GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.OUT) #output print("pressed")

GPIO.setup(6, GPIO.IN) #input

Safely cleaning up after using Using the 7-segment display module
the GPIO
try: import anyio.seg7 as display

do_something() # put code here LED_PINS = [10,22,25,8,7,9,11,15]

finally: ON = False # Common-Anode

GPIO.cleanup() ON = True # Common-Cathode

display.setup(GPIO, LED_PINS, ON)

Writing characters to the 7-segment Other 7-segment display functions
display
display.write("3") display.setdp(True) # point on

display.write("A") display.setdp(False) # point off

display.write("up") display.clear()

display.pattern([1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0])

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 Table 9 Minecraft API
These are the key functions of the Minecraft Python API. For a complete list of functions,
visit: www.stuffaboutcode.com/p/minecraft-api-reference.html.
Importing the Minecraft API Importing and using the block name
constants
import mcpi.minecraft as minecraft import mcpi.block as block

b = block.DIRT.id
Creating a connection to Minecraft Posting a message to the Minecraft
chat
mc = minecraft.Minecraft.create() mc.postToChat("Hello Minecraft")
Getting the player’s tile position Setting the player’s tile position
# what are the coordinates of tile x = 5

# that player is standing on? y = 3

pos = mc.player.getTilePos() z = 7

x = pos.x mc.player.setTilePos(x, y, z)

y = pos.y

z = pos.z
Getting the player’s position Setting the player’s position
# get precise position of player # set precise position of player

# in the world (e.g. x=2.33) x = 2.33

pos = mc.player.getPos() y = 3.95

x = pos.x z = 1.23

y = pos.y mc.setPos(x, y, z)

z = pos.z
Getting the height of the world Getting the block type at a position
# y position of first non-AIR block # id of block (e.g. block.DIRT.id)

height = mc.getHeight(5, 10) blockId = mc.getBlock(10, 5, 2)

Setting/changing a block at a Setting/changing lots of blocks in
position one go
mc.setBlock(5, 3, 2, block.DIRT.id) mc.setBlocks(0,0,0, 5,5,5, block.
AIR.id)
Finding out which blocks have Clearing any block hits
been hit
# which blocks hit since last time? # clear(ignore) hits since last time

events = mc.events.pollBlockHits() mc.events.clearAll()

for e in events:

pos = e.pos

print(pos.x)

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 Table 10 Minecraft API block types
Here is a sample of the block types available in Minecraft. Where appropriate, the data
values that can be used are included, and the Pi and PC/Mac columns show whether this
block can be used on those platforms. For a complete list of block IDs and block data
values, visit: www.stuffaboutcode.com/p/minecraft-api-reference.html.
ID Constant Data ID Sub-type Pi PC/MAC
0 AIR - - Y Y
1 STONE - - Y Y
2 GRASS - - Y Y
3 DIRT - - Y Y
4 COBBLESTONE - - Y Y
5 WOOD_PLANKS 0 Oak Y Y
1 Spruce N Y
2 Birch N Y
3 Jungle N Y
7 BEDROCK - - Y Y
8 WATER - - Y Y
9 WATER_STATIONARY 0 High Y Y
..7 Low Y Y
10 LAVA - - Y Y
11 LAVA_STATIONARY 0 High Y Y
..7 Low Y Y
12 SAND - - Y Y
13 GRAVEL - - Y Y
14 GOLD_ORE - - Y Y
15 IRON_ORE - - Y Y
16 COAL_ORE - - Y Y
17 WOOD 0 Oak (up/down) Y Y
1 Spruce (up/ Y Y
down)
2 Birch (up/down) Y Y
3 Jungle (up/ N Y
down)
4 Oak (east/west) N Y
5 Spruce (east/ N Y
west)
6 Birch (east/ N Y
west)
7 Jungle (east/ N Y
west)

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 ID Constant Data ID Sub-type Pi PC/MAC
8 Oak (north/ N Y
south)
9 Spruce (north/ N Y
south)
10 Birch (north/ N Y
south)
11 Jungle (north/ N Y
south)
12 Oak (only bark) N Y
13 Spruce (only N Y
bark)
14 Birch (only N Y
bark)
15 Jungle (only N Y
bark)
18 LEAVES 1 Oak leaves Y Y
2 Spruce leaves Y Y
3 Birch leaves Y Y
20 GLASS - - Y Y
24 SANDSTONE 0 Sandstone Y Y
1 Chiselled Y Y
Sandstone
2 Smooth Y Y
Sandstone
35 WOOL 0 White Y Y
1 Orange Y Y
2 Magenta Y Y
3 Light Blue Y Y
4 Yellow Y Y
5 Lime Y Y
6 Pink Y Y
7 Grey Y Y
8 Light grey Y Y
9 Cyan Y Y
10 Purple Y Y
11 Blue Y Y
12 Brown Y Y
13 Green Y Y
14 Red Y Y
15 Black Y Y
continued

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 Table 10 continued
ID Constant Data ID Sub-type Pi PC/MAC
37 FLOWER_YELLOW - - Y Y
38 FLOWER_CYAN - - Y Y
41 GOLD_BLOCK - - Y Y
42 IRON_BLOCK - - Y Y
45 BRICK_BLOCK - - Y Y
46 TNT 0 Inactive Y Y
1 Ready to Y Y
explode
49 OBSIDIAN - - Y Y
50 TORCH 0 Standing on the Y Y
floor
1 Pointing east Y Y
2 Pointing west Y Y
3 Pointing south Y Y
4 Pointing north Y Y
53 STAIRS_WOOD 0 Ascending east Y Y
1 Ascending west Y Y
2 Ascending south Y Y
3 Ascending north Y Y
4 Ascending east Y Y
(upside down)
5 Ascending west Y Y
(upside down)
6 Ascending south Y Y
(upside down)
7 Ascending north Y Y
(upside down)
57 DIAMOND_BLOCK - - Y Y
80 SNOW_BLOCK - - Y Y
89 GLOWSTONE_BLOCK - - Y Y
246 GLOWING_OBSIDIAN - - Y N
247 NETHER_REACTOR 0 Unused Y N
1 Active Y N
2 Stopped/used up Y N

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 Table 11 MinecraftStuff API (MinecraftDrawing)
Importing the MinecraftStuff API Creating the MinecraftDrawing
Object
import mcpi.minecraftstuff as ↵ mc = minecraft.Minecraft.create()

minecraftstuff mcdrawing =

minecraftstuff.MinecraftDrawing(mc)
Drawing a line between two points Getting all the block positions of a
line, as a list
mcdrawing.drawLine(0, 0, 0, line = mcdrawing.getLine(
0,0,0,10,10,10)
10, 10, 10, block.DIRT.id)
pos1 = line[0]

print(pos1.x)
Drawing a sphere Drawing a circle
mcdrawing.drawSphere(0, 0, 0, mcdrawing.drawCircle(0, 0, 0,

radius, block.DIRT.id) radius, block.DIRT.id)

Drawing a flat polygon(e.g. a triangle)
tri = []

filled = True

tri.append(minecraft.Vec3(0,0,0))

tri.append(minecraft.Vec3(10,0,0))

tri.append(minecraft.Vec3(5,10,0))

mcdrawing.drawFace(tri, filled,

block.DIRT.id)

Table 12 MinecraftStuff API (MinecraftShape)

Creating a MinecraftShape Drawing and clearing a shape
mc = minecraftmMinecraft.create() shape.draw()

blocks =

[minecraftstuff.ShapeBlock(0,0,0, shape.clear()

block.DIRT.id),

minecraftstuff.ShapeBlock(1,0,0,

block.DIRT.id)]

pos = Vec3(0,0,0)

shape =

minecraftstuff.MinecraftShape(mc,

pos, blocks)
Moving a shape to a position Moving a shape by a number of blocks
shape.move(10, 10, 10) ymove = 1

shape.moveBy(0, ymove, 0)

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