AN ANALYSIS OF PHRASAL VERBS FOUND IN PREMISE JOURNAL

VOLUME 8 NO. 1

By :
PUTRI ARYANI
16340010

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF METRO
2019
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background Of The Study

Language is the most important thing in terms of communication.

Language is used by people in everyday conversation to express feeling and

emotions. Without the language, the communication would not run smoothly.

According to Hornby (2010:834), language is the system of communication

in speech and writing used by people of a particular country or area. The most

important language to be learned is English as we know that English is an

international language that is used for communicating with other people in the

world. In learning English as a foreign language, we should also learn about

the culture in understanding the language itself.

This statement shows that in learning English there are many aspects,

one of the aspects is writing. Writing is the way someone expresses ideas and

feelings trough text.

A journal or an academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in

which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is publish.

Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for

scrutiny of new research and the critique of existing research. Content

typically takes the form of articles presenting original research, review

articles and book reviews. The term academic journal applies to scholarly

publications in all field; this article discusses the aspects common to all
academic field journal. Scientific journals and journals of the quantitative

social sciences vary in form and function from journals of the humanities and

qualitative social sciences; their specific aspects are separately discussed.

Grammar is an important aspect in writing, it relates to idea and

theories or particular way which is organized to do something. Grammar’s

definitions ‘Grammar is the natural, inherent, meaning-making system of the

language, a system that governs the way words come together to form

meaning; grammar is also the study of that system, the various theories or

perspective that attempt to understand it” (Hancock, 2005:6). Grammar is a

system in a text that include structure, grammatical form and also part of

speech

English phrasal verbs consist of a verb paired with a particle that is

homophonous with an English preposition (Jackendoff, 2010: 228). The verb

and it’s particle are written as separate words in the orthography, and the

phrasal verb shares similarities, such as transitivity and irregularity, with the

single word verb which the ‘verb’ part of the phrasal verb resembles and from

which it presumably originates. There are 8 parts of speech, such as noun,

adverb, adjective, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, interjection and verb.

The main verb in a clause determines the other clauses elements that can

occur and specifies a meaning relation among those elements. There are three

kinds of verbs, such as lexical verb, auxiliary verb and primary verb. From

those three kinds of verbs, lexical verbs are the most common and often occur
as multi-word units. Many multi word units function like a single verb. These

combinations usually have idiomatic meanings.

That is, their meaning cannot be predicted from the meaning of each

individual word. One part of multi-word verbs is phrasal verb. According to

McCarthy and O’dell (2007, p. 8), phrasal verbs can be used with object

(transitive phrasal verb) or without object (intransitive phrasal verb). Object

of adverbial phrasal verb can be before or after the particle, while the object

of prepositional phrasal verb comes after the particle.

Phrasal verbs are so common in everyday conversation and writings

but they cause problems to most learners. Therefore, among the first words

encountered by learners of English are one- syllable verbs like make, get,

take, get, put and prepositions and adverbs such as in , on, up, down, out,

over. These words are very easy to understand when used in separation,

below is the example :

1. exploration stage which consists of library research

2. designing prototype based on the result of exploration stage;

It is important to learn phrasal verb, because there are so many kinds

of phrasal verbs and it is also because phrasal verb formed by verb and

particle often randomly.

In this research, the writer focused on the phrasal verbs encountered in

the Premise Journal and the meanings. Many kinds of phrasal verb are used
 in the journal. Therefore, the further analysis is about finding out the phrasal

verbs and their meanings.

B. Research Focus
This research is focus on analyzing kinds of phrasal verbs found in

Premise journal volume 8 no. 1 and the meaning of those phrasal verbs.

C. Formulation Of The Problem

Based on the problem background that researcher has made can

identify several problems including:

1. What kinds of phrasal verbs which is found in Premise Journal Volume 8

No. 1?
2. What are the meaning of phrasal verbs found in Premise Journal Volume
8 No. 1 ?

D. Research Objective
The objective of the research is:

1. To find out kinds of phrasal verb that use in Premise Journal Volume 8 No.
1
2. To find out the meaning of phrasal verbs found in Premise Journal
Volume 8 No. 1 ?

E. Research Benefits
The results of research are expected to provide benefits that is:

1. For the researcher

 a. To know and classify the types of phrasal verbs that are often used.
b. It will be make clear in learning about phrasal verbs.

2. For the reader

a. To know the types of phrasal verbs that are often used.
b. To get understanding of phrasal verbs
 CHAPTER II
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

A. Previous Research Overview

This study is takes from three previous research as overview.

The first article is conduct from Lusken Pradesi Malik. Entitle “An

Analysis Of Phrasal Verbs In Movie “Pride And Prejudice”. This research

aims to find out the kinds of phrasal verbs encountered in movie “Pride and

Prejudice” and the meanings of those phrasal verbs. The object of this

research was the movie “Pride and Prejudice” 2005 version. This research

was a descriptive study. The researcher found that one verb can have different

meaning when it is combined with different particle, so does the particle.

The second article is conduct from Ni Putu Surya Eni entitle “The

Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in the Novel “The Hobbit” By J.R.R .Tolkien” this

research is identify the form of phrasal verbs used in novel “The Hobbit” by

J.R.R Tolkien and for analyzing phrasal verbs that found in novel “The

Hobbit”. The data was displayed in a tree diagram, the documentation method

is used for collect the data in this research with recording technique and

qualitative methods used to analyze the data. The result of this study are that

there are four forms of verb phrases in the novel as the source of data in this

study. Tree diagram showing that verbs and adverbs that form verb phrases

can be classified as a single unit that is categorized as a verb which cannot be

separated from each other.

 The last article is conduct from Ferry Teguh Susanto entitle “An Error

Analysis On translating Phrasal Verb Into Indonesian Made By Fourth

Semester Students Of English Department Of Muhammadiyah University Of

Purwokerto”. This research is to analyze the errors of students in translating

phrasal verbs into Indonesian, the method used in this research is descriptive

method. The population of this research is the fourth semester year students

of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto. There

are 35 students used as sample, random sampling is used to get the sample.

This research is focused in translating the English phrasal verbs. Reffering

Suharsimi’s opinion it is classified as fair. Although the translation

categorized good, but the students should practice more in translation so that

they can improve their translation quality.

Based on the previous research above, the research is analyze phrasal

verb that found in a text especially novel. This research the researcher analyze

phrasal verb in a research journal.

B. Theoretical Review
1. Concept of Writing
Writing is the one of the basic skills of the English language. It is

generally considered one of the most difficult that other skills for foreign

language students. Even native speakers feel difficulty in showing a good

command of writing. (Johnstone, Ashbaugh & Warfield, 2002). The ESL

teachers include writing skills in the syllabus because this is an essential

 element for students' academic success. (Kellogg, 2008) because writing

helps to reinforce the grammatical structure, enhance the students’

vocabulary and assist other language skills such as reading, listening and

speaking.

Journal article is part of writing that is a collection of articles that is

published regularly throughout the year. Journal article are shorter than

books and written about specific topics. Journals present the most recent

research, and journal article are written by expert, for expert. Journal may

be published in print or online format, or both. Journal article are shorter

than books and written about specific topics.

2. Concept of Phrasal Verb

a. Definition of Phrasal Verb
A phrasal verb is made up of the combination of verb and preposition

or adverb which is will create a new meaning. Sometime a phrasal verb is

also made up of the combination of a verb with a preposition and an

adverb. And there are also some of phrasal verbs which are not really

changing the meaning of the original verb.

The term phrasal verb is commonly applied to define verb plus

particle constructions which has a single semantic unit. This semantic unit

cannot be understood based on the meanings of the individual parts in

isolation, but rather it must be taken as a whole. Many grammarians also

define phrasal verbs which are drawn below:

 According to Broukal and Woods as cited in Wahyudi, (2015).

Phrasal verb is built of verb + an adverb particle and sometime the particle

may be followed by a preposition.

Sawyer, (2000) phrasal verb is a combination of main verb and a

preposition or adverbial where, the main verb will be followed by an

adverbial or preposition particle. Other expert, Tu, Y. & Roth, D. (2012)

explains that, phrasal verb or English particles constructions defied as

combinations of verb and prepositions or particles, but the meaning is

generally not the direct sum of their part. Most of the phrasal verbs are

formed by a small number of verbs such as, go, get, come, etc. and the

small number of particles such as, away, off, up, etc.

Gray (2004:129) says phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and

particles. Common particles include in, on, off, up, down, and out. Verb +

particle combinations carry their own meanings.

Based on those explanations, it can be concluded that, phrasal verb is

a combination of verb and preposition or adverb and sometime, the phrasal

verb is made up of the combination of the verb with a preposition and an

adverb. The prepositions and adverbs in the phrasal verb are often called

by particle. The thing that makes the phrasal verb is more interesting and

challenging because, phrasal verb cannot be translated word by word

because, when the verb is combined with the preposition or adverb

 (particle), it will create the new meaning even there are not all of the

phrasal verbs really change the meaning of the original verb. There are

four kinds of phrasal verbs

b. Characteristics of Phrasal Verbs

According to Biber, Conrad and Leech (2002:124-126) explains that

the meanings and structures of phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, and free

combinations differ in many ways. One way to distinguish them by defining

characteristics of phrasal verb, namely whether or not there is an idiomatic

meaning and whether or not particle movement is possible.

According to McCharty and O’Dell (2010) say that phrasal verb are

verbs that combine with different preposition or adverbs to make two or

three words that have completely new meanings and are often difficult to

guest, that mean phrasal verb formed by preposition or adverbial to form

two or three verb words that have new meanings and sometimes are difficult

to understand.

The nature of a multi-word expression is determined by whether or

not there is a following noun phrase. When there is no following noun

phrase (e.g. shut up or go away), there are only two possible interpretations.

It must be either an intransitive phrasal verb, or free combination of verb +

adverb. If there is a following noun phrase (e.g. find out the meaning), there

are three possible interpretations. Either it is a transitive phrasal verb, a

transitive prepositional verb, or a free combination of verb + adverbial

prepositional phrase.

c. Types of Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verb are divided into four kinds. Transitive, intransitive,

separable and inseparable phrasal verb.

1). Intransitive phrasal verb

In traditional grammars, an intransitive verb is an action verb that

takes no object. One common type of multi- word verb is the intransitive

phrasal verb consisting of a verb plus a particle (verb+adverb), for

examples:

a). The children were sitting down.

b). The plane has now taken off.

c). Go off to bed now.

Heaton (1985) claims that normally, the particle cannot be separated

from its verb (Drink quickly up); though particles used as intensifiers or

perfectives or referring to direction can be modified by intensifiers (Go

right on).

2). Transitive phrasal verb

Transitive verb is a verb that takes both a subject and an object.

Therefore, phrasal verbs are transitive when they take an object, for

examples:

a). We will set up a new unit.

 b). Drink up your milk

c). He looked up his former friends.

According to Veres (1998) the pattern of transitive phrasal verbs is:

verb + adverbial particle + object (VAO), for examples

a). Turn down the radio! (reduce the volume)

b). How shall I not back up my best friend? (support).

3). Separable Phrasal Verb

Coghill (2003: 114) state if a phrasal verbs is separable, its direct

object can come between the verb and particle. That mean if the phrasal

verb a separable type then the direct object can be placed between the

objects verbs and particles.

Example:

a). She put on her coat

b). She put her coat on

The example above put and on can be put together or multiplied, when

the word is separated, the object can be placed between put and on. Other

examples of sentence separable phrasal verb:

a). I think we need to clear up the office

b). I think we need to clear it up

Based on the example above the word clear and particle up can be put

together and separated. Object it can be placed between clear and

particles up.

4). Inseparable Phrasal Verb

Chonghill (2003:114) say that inseparable phrasal verb must stay

together. That mean inseparable phrasal verb must always be together

and should not be separated. When separated the words becomes non-

grammatical.

Example:

a). She could not deal with the situation

b). She could not deal the situation with

Based on the example above the words deal and with must be put

together. When words are separated the words become non grammatical.

Another examples of inseparable phrasal verb:

a). I ran into my cousin I Harrods recently

b). I ran my cousin into in Harrods recently

Based on the example above the word ran and particle into must be

joined and when separated the word becomes non-grammatical.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

A descriptive qualitative design will be used to analyze phrasal verbs

found in journal. Based on the purposes and problems of this research. There

were some steps in analyzing the data in this study. The first step in analyzing

the collected data was identifying and categorizing the forms of phrasal verbs.

B. Setting and Object of the Research

The object of this research is the movie Premise journal Vol. 8 No. 1

2019

C. Research Instrument
The instrument of this study is the researches herself. The supporting

instrument is documentation which is some article from Premise Journal Vol.

8 No. Documentation used to get the information from various sources.

Document can be in form of picture, script or text.

A. Data Collecting Technique

Based on the research instrument above, the researcher utilizes some

technique to collect the data. As follows:

1. Observation

The researcher observed the subject of the research by reading the

journal.
 2. Construct the research problem

The researcher constructs the research problems and choose the source of the

data that will be analyze.

3. Data transcription

While reading the journal, the researcher transcribed the data which all of the

sentences found in the journal.

4. Classify and analyze the data

After transcribed the data, the researcher analyze the sentences.

B. Data Analysis
The researcher use some process to analyze the data, such as:

1. Identifying the data, this is the first step to analyze the data. The

researcher identify and classifying the types of phrasal verbs from

observation to find out kinds of phrasal verbs used in journal.

2. Categorization the data, the researcher categorized the data by the

correction mark that has given by researcher in previous step that’s will

make easier to categorize the data.

3. Calculating the error, after categorize the data researcher calculate the

percentage of phrasal verbs used in the journal.

4. Report the result, after finish all of the steps the researcher can make

conclusion.
 REFERENCE
Pradesi, Lusken , (2014) An Analysis Of Phrasal Verbs In Movie “Pride And
Prejudice” Tanjungpura University : Pontianak
Eni, Ni Putu (2017) The Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in the Novel “The Hobbit” By
J.R.R. Tolkien Udayana University : Denpasar
Susanto, Feri (2015) An Error Analysis On translating Phrasal Verb Into
Indonesian Made By Fourth Semester Students Of English Department Of
Muhammadiyah University Of Purwokerto Muhammadiyah Unversity of
Purwokerto : Purwokerto