PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M.

SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM

 Praetorian guards = military bodies who serve as
Police = The governmental department charged with the guardians of peace in ancient Rome in which the idea
regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now chiefly of policing said to have originated
the department established to maintain order, enforce the law,  Officer de la Paix = a French term which claimed to
and prevent and detect crime. (French word) be the origin of the term Police Officer

COMPARATIVE = an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness 1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient
of two objects or event England)

GLOBALIZATION A. Tun Policing System

= package of transnational flow of people, production, A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon
investment, information, ideas and authority. period whereby all male residents were required to guard the
= growing interpenetration of states, markets, communication town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and
and ideas. properties of the people.
= The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and About 700 AD, the people living in England in small
legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a global economy. rural towns used the Anglo-Saxon System. Ten families in a
town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing elected a leader who
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION to Law Enforcement was known as the Tithingman. Since 10 tithings amounted to
= law enforcers are expected to be the protector of the 100, the leader of the 100 families was named the reeve. Both
people……. unaccountable flow of migration and open markets the tithingman and reeve were elected officials. They possessed
present new threats to state-based human rights regimes – judicial power as well as police authority.
great challenge to law enforcement.
B. Hue and Cry
Threats to Law Enforcement A village law started in Britain which provided methods
 increasing volume of human rights violations as of apprehending a criminal by an act of the complainant to shout
evidence by genocide and mass killing to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the
 conflict between nations suspect.
 Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking,
money laundering, terrorism C. Trial by Ordeal
A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM accused is determined by subjecting him to an unpleasant,
1. Common Law Systems = usually exists in English speaking usually dangerous, experience. (In present terminologies, it
countries of the world would mean an employment of a “3rd degree.”) The word
= there is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word “Dei
system of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point Indicum” which means “a miraculous decision.”
= also known as “Anglo-American Justice”
2. Civil Law Systems = distinguished by strong inquisitorial 2. Norman Period of Policing System
system where less right is granted to the accused and the written
law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation This system of policing existed during the time of
= also known as “Continental Justice or Romano- Norman William the Conqueror (King of France). When he
Germanic Justice” invaded and conquered England, a military regime of conquers
3. Socialist System = distinguished by procedures designed to and dictators began and changed the concept of crime being
rehabilitate the offender. committed against the state.
= known as Marxist-Leninist Justice and exist in
places such as Africa and Asia A. Shire-Rieve
4. Islamic System = based more on the concept of natural Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman
justice or customary law or tribal traditions Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55) military
areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE lieutenant of the army). The fifty-five (55) military divisions in
Continental = is the theory of police service which maintains England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute powers
that police officers are servants of higher authorities. This that no one could questions his or her actions.
theory prevails in the continental countries like France, Italy and Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse”
Spain. were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties. It
became the source of the word Constable.
Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the origin of the
police officers are servants of the community or the people. word “Sheriff.”
This theory prevails in England and United States. It is also the
police service which prevails in country with decentralized form B. Travelling Judge or Circuit Judge
of government. This is likewise the police service theory that A judge selected to hear cases which were formerly
should prevail in the Philippines based on the existing laws, being judged by the Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel through
concepts and principles. and hear criminal cases. This was the first instance of the
division of the police and judicial powers.
CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE
a. Old concept = states that the yardstick of police
proficiency relies on the number of arrest made. C. Legis Henrici
An act that was enacted during this period with the
b. Modern concept = states that the yardstick of police following features:
proficiency relies on the absence of crime.  Offenses were classified as against the king and
individual.
Deviance Control = is the modern police function which  Policeman becomes public servant.
primarily involves the mission to reinforce community values  The police and the citizens have the broad power to
and laws. This was adopted by Germany, China and Japan. arrest. It introduced the system called “citizen’s
arrest.”
Civil order control = is not organizationally separated from  Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the
deviance control but is performed by regular street police in the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts of
country of England and United States. a crime and eliminate the “Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial
by Ordeal System.”
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

LONDON 1829
D. Frankpledge System Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822
A system of policing whereby a group of ten
neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were METROPOLITAN POLICE = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert
required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829)
lives and properties of the people = the largest of the police services that operate in
greater London (the others include the City of London Police and
3. Westminster Period of Policing System the British Transport Police)
It is called by this name because the laws governing = finest police force around the world.
policing came out of the capital of England, which at the time
was Westminster. This period has the following features: TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan
 Guards were appointed and the duties of the Police
constables at night (watch) and in daytime (ward)
were defined IMPORTANT DATES
 Statute of Westminster of 1285, a collection of  1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A
regulations aimed at keeping the peace. major crowd disturbance dealt with by the
Metropolitan Police with controversial use of force.
 1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow
B. Statute of 1295 Street Horse Patrol into its control.
The law that marks the beginning of the curfew  1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street
hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of London Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the
during sundown. disbandment of the Bow Street Office and other
Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect.
C. Justice of the Peace (About 1361)
Three or four men who were learned in the law of the Administration Policing Principles of London Metropolitan
land were given authority to pursue, arrest, chastise and Police
imprisonment violators of law. They handled felonies, 1. Stable and effective civil police under government control
misdemeanors and infractions of city or village ordinances. This 2. Absence of crime is the best proof of efficiency
was later abolished about 75 years after. 3. Fast distribution of crime news to the police is essential.

D. Star Chamber Court (1487)  Commissioner = highest rank in the Metropolitan

A special court designed to try offenders against the Police
state. The room set-up is formed in a shape of a star and judges  Police Constable = lowest rank
were given great powers such as the power to force
testimony from a defendant leading to a great abuse of Contributions of the French in Policing
power or brutality on the part of the judges.  Assigning house numbers
 Installing street lights
4. Keepers of the Peace  Use of police ambulances
 Use of warrant card and ID signifying the authority to
A proclamation issued by King Richard of England arrest
sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of knights to
keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and UNITED STATES POLICING SYSTEM
gates while checking the people entering and leaving the TYPES OF US POLICE
cities and towns. 1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and
country police departments, sheriff departments.
5. King Charles II of England (1663) Types of Local Police
King Charles II passed an act which established or a. County Sheriff = in charged with the operation of
promoted the employment of watchmen or bellmen to be on county jail, civil function such as service of eviction
duty from sunset to sunrise. notices and other court orders and police responsibility.
b. City Police = most common local police organization.
6. Magna Carta or "The Great Charter" It has jurisdiction in matters that occur in an
A law promulgated by King John of England upon the demand incorporated municipality.
of the Knights of the Round Table forcing the King to sign the 2. State Police = includes special investigative agencies that
same with the following features: concentrate on statewide law enforcement
 No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, banished or 3. Federal Police = agencies operated by federal government
exiled except by legal judgment of his peers. at the national level
 No person shall be tried for murder unless there is
proof of the body of the victim. Some Federal Agencies Having Police Functions
a. Protection of Life, Property and Enforcement of Penal
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829 Statutes
Henry Fielding = appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced 1. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Department of Justice)
the first detective force, known as the Bow Street Runners = investigates all violations of federal law except when the
Bow Runners = a group of men organized by Henry Fielding enforcement authority was given to other specific federal agency
and named by his brother John Fielding task to catch thieves 2. United States Secret Service (Department of Treasury) =
and robbers identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal concerned with investigation of counterfeiting, forging or altering
Crown of any of the money or other securities of the U.S. It is also in
= made up of eight constables who also investigated charge of the protection of the president and his family, and of
crimes handed over to them by the volunteer constables and the executive mansion grounds
watchmen 3. Bureau of Narcotics (Department of Treasury) =
investigated all violations of federal law relating to prohibited
1798 = Marine Police Force was established, salaried drugs
constables were being paid by local magistrates. 4. Immigration and Naturalization Service (Department of
= initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by 1,000 Justice) = investigates all violations of immigration and
registered dock workers, and was responsible for preventing the naturalization laws, patrol boarders to prevent surreptitious entry
theft of cargo. = widely regarded as being the first modern of aliens,
police force in the world, in the sense that they were not
government controlled and were responsible for the prevention b. Protection of the National Revenue
of crime. 1. Intelligence Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue =
investigation of violations of income tax laws
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

2. Alcohol Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = Police Force. Following the transfer of sovereignty, the Force is
violations of internal revenue laws once again named the Hong Kong Police Force
3. Division of Investigation and Patrol, Bureau of Customs =
investigates smuggling activities and enforces customs and Structure HKPF
navigation laws. The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of
4. Private Police = additional police protection made by Police, who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:
employing sworn officers through contract when they are not a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations = supervises
officially on duty all operational matters including crime and
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is
Two Basic Forms of Private Police responsible for the direction and coordination of force
a. Proprietary Police = when a person wish to receive service, management including personnel, training, and management
he hires and security personnel directly services.
b. Contract Security = services of an independent security
company Motto =We Serve with Pride and Care

U.S. Police Agencies The Hong Kong Police Force is organized into Six Regions:
 New York City = it is where the first full time police force  Hong Kong Island
was organized in the United States  Kowloon East
 New York Police Department = the largest police force  Kowloon West
in the United States  New Territories North
 Texas Ranger = police force originally created in  New Territories South
response to colonization  Marine Region
 Boston Police Department = first local modern police
department established in the United States The Force Headquarters (Management) is made up of five
 Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police departments:
agency established  Operations & Support
 Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired  Crime & Security
the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins  Personnel & Training
Wells  Management Services
 Finance, Administration and Planning
The United States police rank model is generally quasi-
military in structure. Although the large and varied number of Hong Kong Police College = s responsible for all matters
federal, state, and local police departments and sheriff's office relating to training within the Hong Kong Police except internal
have different ranks, a general model, from highest to lowest security, Auxiliary and Marine Police training. Training provided
rank, would be: by the Police College includes recruit and continuation training,
 Chief of Police/Police crime investigation training, police driver training and weapon
Commissioner/Superintendent/Sheriff tactics training. The information technology training, command
 Deputy Chief of Police/Deputy training, local and overseas management training, some
Commissioner/Deputy specialist courses and periodic courses on firearms and first aid
Superintendent/Undersheriff are also provided by the Police College.
 Inspector/Commander/Colonel
 Major/Deputy Inspector Service Quality Wing = is responsible for spearheading
 Captain initiatives to improve services provided to force customers both
 Lieutenant external and internal. The wing comprises three branches:
 Sergeant Performance Review, Research and Inspections and
 Detective/Inspector/Investigator Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II)
 Officer/Deputy Sheriff/Corporal Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II) = includes the
Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) oversees the
CANADA investigation and successful resolution of all complaints made
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) = colloquially known both externally and internally against members of the force.
as Mounties and internally as “The Force” = is the national police
force of Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in Entry Requirements to HKPF
the word being a national, federal, provincial and municipal Nationality
policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal Must be a permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special
Northwest Mounted Police (1873) with the Dominion Police Administrative Region and have lived in Hong Kong for at least
(1868). seven years.
= headed by the Commission under the direction of the Minister
of Public Safety Canada. For Inspector
Academic Requirements
Commissioner = highest rank in the Royal Canadian Mounted  Hong Kong degree, or equivalent; or
Police  An accredited Associate Degree from Hong Kong
Police Constable 4th Class = lowest rank tertiary institution / A Higher Diploma from a Hong Kong
polytechnic / polytechnic university, or a Diploma from
AUSTRALIA a registered post-secondary college awarded after the
Australian Police = a progressive and multi-faceted law date of its registration, or equivalent; or
enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight against  A pass in two subjects at Advanced Level in the Hong
21st century crime. Kong Advanced Level Examination (2A) plus three
 Commissioner = highest rank other subjects at Grade C or above in the HKCEE (3O),
 Constable = lowest rank or a combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma
of Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 3
HONGKONG in New Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects, “Attained
Hong Kong Police Force with Distinction” in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects
= is the largest disciplined service under the Security (subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects) and Grade
Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, C in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.
police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was
formed on 1 May 1844. For Police Constable
In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter Academic Requirements
to the Hong Kong Police Force for their handling of the Hong
Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: the Royal Hong Kong
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

Five passes or above, which may include Chinese Police Officer Rank One
Language and English Language, in the HKCEE, or a Police Officer Rank Two
combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Police Officer Rank Three
Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 2 in New Senior Police Officer Rank Four
Secondary (NSS) subjects, “Attained” in Applied Learning (ApL) Police Rank One
subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects) and Grade Police Rank Two
E in Other Language subjects, or equivalent. Police Rank Three
Police Rank Four
Selection Processes For Inspector
 Written Examination MYANMAR
 Extended Interview Myanmar Police Force = formally known as The People's
 Psychometric Test Police Force (Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)
 Final Interview Board = established in 1964 as independent department
 Physical Fitness Test under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganized on 1
 Integrity Checks and Medical Examination October 1995.
 Appointment There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and
three additional State/Division Police Forces
Selection Processes for Police Constable
 Physical Fitness Test
 Group Interview Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four
 Psychometric Test components
 Final Interview Board  Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional
 Basic Law Test Police Force
 Integrity Checks and Medical Examination  Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
 Appointment  Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force
 Police Stations

RANKS OF HKPF TRAINING CENTERS

Commissioner of Police (CP) 1. Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) 2. No.1 Police Training Depot = undertakes Basic Training
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SACP) Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years; Warrant Officer and
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Police Sergeants Course for 12 Weeks; and Basic Training
Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP) Course for Constables for 6 Month
Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) 3. No. 2 Police Training Depot = undertakes only Basic
Superintendent of Police (SP) Training Course for Constables, which normally takes around 6
Chief Inspector of Police (CIP) months to complete.
Senior Inspector of Police (SIP)
Inspector of Police (IP) INDONESIA POLICING SYSTEM
Probationary Inspector of Police (PI) Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republika
Station Sergeant (SSGT) Indonesia) = is the official police force of Indonesia
Sergeant (SGT) = organized 1946
Senior Constable (SPC) = also known as Polri
Police Constable (PC) Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of Indonesian
National Police located in KebayoranBaru, South, Jakarta,
TAIWAN Indonesia
TAIWAN POLICE FORCE = is the unified police force of taiwan
= under the supervision of NATIONAL POLICE POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES
AGENCY which is directly under the MINISTRY OF INTERIOR 1. Kepolisian Daerah or polda = provincial police
= under effective civilian control 2. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police
3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city police
FUNCTIONS 4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-district police
1) to maintain public order,
2) 2) to protect social security, SPECIAL BRANCHES
3) 3) to prevent all dangers, and 1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to
4) ) to promote the welfare of all people. deal with mass demonstrations
= paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE IN TAIWAN operations and providing security for VIP and vital facilities
1. Administration Police = are generally referred to those who 2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special
are required to wear uniforms to carry out duties of household anti-riot training
visits, patrolling, raid, guarding, duty officer, and reserves. 3. Sea and Air Police = responsible patrolling the airspace
2. Traffic Police = the primary duties of the Traffic Police are 4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations
to keep traffic order, to ensure traffic safety, to prevent traffic 5. Maritime Police = responsible in protecting the territorial sea
accidents, and to smooth traffic flow. 6. Anti-Terrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism
3. Special Police = are those who are responsible for protecting 7. Forensics = in-charged of laboratory examination of
the Central Government, establishing contingent plans and evidence
assisting local and specialized police units in maintaining public
order. POLICE RECRUIT VOLUNTEERS
4. Criminal Investigation Police = the primary duties of the  At least sixth-grade education and should pass the
criminal investigation police are to prevent and detect crimes. competitive examination.
5. Specialized Police = main duties are to protect state-run After 3 years, personnel with junior secondary diploma could
enterprises and public facilities like railways, highways, airports, enter into training to become NCO.
harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.
RANKING SYSTEM OF POLRI
RANKS OF TAIWAN POLICE FORCE Police General = equivalent of Director General of PNP
Police Supervisor General Second Bhayangkara = equivalent of police officer 1 of the PNP
Police Supervisor Rank
Police Supervisor Rank Two ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP: Malay: Polis Diraja
Police Supervisor Rank Three Malaysia, PDRM) = police force of Malaysia.
Police Supervisor Rank Four
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

= headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala 14. Traffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic
Lumpur 15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = this
= The constitution, control, employment, department's main function is to investigate, arrest, and
recruitment,fund, discipline, duties and powers of the police prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as
force is specified and governed by the Police Act 1967 fraud, breach of trust, cyber-crimes, forgery, counterfeiting etc
16. Mounted Police = police who patrol
Motto = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm, Fair And on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to
Prudent serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-
to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are
RMP Organizations also employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass
1. Management Department = the Management Department is and height advantage
tasked with the routine of management and administration
affairs of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of RANKS OF RMP
the RMP and acts as the support services platform for the rest INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF POLICE = equivalent of director
of the force. general (Philippines)
2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several POLICE CONSTABLE = equivalent of police officer 1
equipments needed in RMP (Philippines)
 3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the
investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard crimes Singapore
(murder, robbery, rape etc) and petty crimes (theft, Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the
house-breaking etc). heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
= This department also specializes in gambling, vice  Singapore Police Force (SPF) is the main agency
and secret societies (triads) task with the maintaining law and order in the city-state.
Branches of Criminal Investigation Division It is formerly known as Republic of Singapore Police.
 D1 – Administrative Division Organized with split staff (15) and line functions (13)
 D2 – Criminal Record Registration roughly modeled after the military. Headquarters at
 D3 – Internal Affairs New Poenix Park in Novena. The highest rank is
 D4 – Statistics Commissioner of Police and the lowest is Police
 D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions Constable.
 D6 – Technical Assistance Division  Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857 = constitution
 D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies of the SPF
 D8 – Investigation Division / Planning Recruitment/training
 D9 – Special Investigation Division  High school graduates who were interested in law
 D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division enforcement as a career can be recruited and those
 D11 – Sexual Investigation Division who are selected for officers had to be approved by the
 D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division Public Service Commission.
 Career development course were encouraged for
4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division = this officer and senior officers are required to travel
department's function is to fight against dangerous drugs by oversees for training such as in Police Staff
enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of College in Britain, FBI Nat’l Academy in US and
dangerous drugs. Police Academy in Japan.
5. Internal Security and Public Order Department =  Nine (9) months training. Newly appointed officer will
responsible for traffic control and Search & Rescue (SAR) be placed on a one year probation period.
operations
6. The Police Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and RANKS OF SPF
was a para-military units of the Royal Malaysia Police. Also Commissioner of Police = equivalent of director general in the
known as the Jungle Squad Philippines
= established in 1948 Constable = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP
7. Police Counter-Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP
responsible in counter-terrorism operations JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM
8. UNGERIN = Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) (Marine Combat
Unit) was established in 2006 and it was fully operational by the  Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of
end of 2007 Home affairs to 1945)
= first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the  Japanese Colonial Government = the one which
pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside the organized the first formal policing in China.
coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of South  Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian
China Sea which were continuously widespread from time to organized crime action.
time despite various efforts done to overcome the problem
= members received training from U.S ORGANIZATION OF NPA
9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) = (Malay: Pasukan Simpanan 1. National Public Safety Commission = a government body
Persekutuan) responsible for the administrative supervision of the police.
= its role is riot suppression, crowd control, disaster Under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister
relief & rescue, as well as special operations assistance 2. Japan National Police Agency (NPA) = a totally gunless
= organized in 1955 police force, except for its special attack team.
10. C4-i Implementations System = (abbreviation for
Command, Control, Communications, Computer- Organizations Attached to the NPA
Integrated) = based at Police Control Centre in all police a. National Police Agency = provides training to police officers
contingents in Malaysia. and conduct academic research
= this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs. b. National Research Institute of Police Science = conducts
11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan research in police science
Gerakan Marin) = tasked with maintaining law and order and c. Imperial Guards = provides escort to the Emperor, Empress,
coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Crown Prince and other Imperial family.
Maritime Zone and on the high seas = responsible for the security of Imperial Palace
12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara
PDRM (UUP) = is a special unit of Royal Malaysia Police with a 3. Regional Police Bureau = exercise control and supervision
vital role in maintaining national security with thorough over regional police offices and provides support with the
surveillance and patrol from the air prefectural police.
13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for Director General = heads each Regional Bureau
collecting intelligence for national security acting upon orders from the Commission General of the NPA.
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

Regional Police Bureau = the local organizations to carry out Royal Thai Police Headquarters = based in Bangkok
part of the NPA’s functions. There are about 7 Bureaus in the Police-General = highest rank of the Royal Thai Police
major cities except for Tokyo and Hokkaido where in Tokyo, Policeman / Constable = lowest rank
Metropolitan Police department (headed by Superintendent
General) has long been established and shares the same BRUNEI POLICE SYSTEM
location with the NPA. Prefectural Police has the whole of  Royal Brunei Police Force (Polis Diraja Brunei –
Hokkaido under its jurisdiction. PDRB) = created in 1921 which is responsible for
keeping law and order and providing law enforcement
4. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) = services throughout Brunei
administrative commission functioning under the representative  Inspector-General of Police = highest rank
system which supervise the prefectural police. Under the  Lance Corporal = lowest rank
Jurisdiction of the Governor. Though not empowered to give
order to the Commission. Philippine Police System
 During the Spanish Regime
5. Koban = a system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation  Maintenance of law and order is a part of the
near major transportation hubs and shopping areas and in military system for the defense of the colony;
residential districts which forms the first line of police response  Locally organized police forces although
to the public. performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the
= Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 colonial military establishments; (policemen
residential police boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a single officer). in appearance yet colonial soldiers in the
About 20 % of police is assigned to Koban. ultimate sense.
 Police functions consisted mainly of (1)
CHINA POLICE SYSTEM suppression of brigandage by patrolling
 Ministry of National Defense = is the top of the unsettled areas; (2) detection of local or petty
hierarchy with judicial and public security agencies uprising by spying upon the work and
such as Ministry of Public safety and the Ministry of movements of the people and; (3) the
State Security. enforcement of tax collection including church
 Ministry of Public Security= is the principal police revenues.
authority of the mainland of the People’s Republic of  Cuardilleros = a body of rural police organized in each
China which oversee the day to day law town established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It
enforcement. (It is the equivalent of the National mandates that 5% of the able bodied male
Police Agency in Japan). inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in
 Ministry of State Security = the Chinese this police organization for 3 years. These services are
government’s largest and most active foreign originally not paid or gratuitous subject to some
intelligence agency, though it is also involved in privileges although in some province they received a
domestic security matters. proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00 depending
on the revenue collection.
Kinds of police  Carabineros De Seguridad Publica = Organized in
1. People’s Armed Police (PAP), 1980’s deals with domestic 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the
disturbances, acts as riot police and guard’s government Department of State. This was armed and considered
compounds and foreign embassies. Usually handles border as the mounted police who later discharged the duties
defense but is called sometimes to back up local police. of a port, harbor and river police. It was later given
2. State Security Police = (1983) safeguards state security, special commission by Royal Decree of December 20,
prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies. 1842 and it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica
Under the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to (Corps of Crabbiness for Public Security).
the State council.  Gurdia Civil = Created by Royal decree on February
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall 12, 1852, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula
police system stationed in prisons and correction units. This is troops of their works in policing towns. It is consisted of
under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice. a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security each of the provincial capital of the province of Luzon
and order in courts and serving instruments and some also under the Alcalde Mayor.)
executing death sentences.  Philippine Commission Act No. of 175 = (July 18,
5. Quasi parapolice (“Cheng guan”) = operate in many places 1901) an act providing for the organization and
and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular actions government of an Insular Constabulary.
such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from  Sec. 1, Act 255 of October 3, 1901 = renamed the
seized land. Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary (a
national police institution for preserving peace, keeping
Special Police College = conducts nationwide recruitment order and enforcing the law.
once a year.  Henry Allen = the first Chief of the Philippine
Central Military Commission = appoints police in China Constabulary.
People’s Liberation Army = Chinese Armed forces.  Rafael Crame = the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine
Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation Constabulary.
of the Rank promotion Examination for police officer.  Act No 70 = (On January 9, 1901) The Metropolitan
Police Force of Manila was organized
RANK SYSTEM IN CHINA  E.O. 389 = Ordered that the PC be one of the four
Commissioner General = equivalent of Director General in the services of the AFP, dated December 23, 1940.
PNP  P.D. 765 = Integration Act of 1975, dated August 8,
Constable 2nd Class = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP 1975, established the Integrated National Police (INP)
composed of the PC as the nucleus and the Integrated
THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM local police forces as components, under the Ministry
Royal Thai Police = formerly known as THAILAND NATIONAL of National Defense.
POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD)  E.O. 1012 =transferred to the city and municipal
= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of government the operational supervision and direction
Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of the Prime over the INP units assigned within their locality.
Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position of its  R.A. 4864 =It created the POLCOM (Police
supreme head was changed from that of the Director-General of Commission) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai training and professionalization of the local police
Police under the Officer of the President. Otherwise known as
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

the Police Professionalization act of 1966, dated

September 8, 1966. It was later renamed as the Efforts are Towards the Following:
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM). a. Higher standards of living
 E.O. 1040 = Transferred the Admin. Control and b. Condition of economic and social progress and development
Supervision of the INP from the ministry of National c. Solutions of international economic, social, health and related
Defense to the National Police Commission problems
 R.A. 6975 = It is otherwise known as the Department d. Universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted
on December 13, 1990. Established the PNP, BFP, 6. Trusteeship Council = assists the Security Council and the
BJMP and the PPSC. general assembly in the administration of the International
 R.A. 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Trusteeship System
Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted 1998, amending
the provision of R.A. 6975 UN CHARTER = it is closest to a constitution that basically
 Act No. 181 = created the Division of Investigation (DI) governs the relations of international persons. Technically, it is
of the Department of Justice dated November 1938. a Treaty.
 R.A. 157 = created the National Bureau of
Investigation, enacted June 19, 1947 and later TREATY = an international agreement concluded between
reorganized by R,A. 2678 states in written form and sworn by international law, whether
 Line and Staff = the organizational structure of the embodied in a single instrument or in two or more instruments
P.N.P. which is also adopted by many police and whatever its particular designation.
organization in the world.
 P.N.P. = headed by Chief with a rank of Director
General with two (2) Deputy Director General (1) for
Administration and (2) for Operation. Although there INTERPOL
are three (3) Deputy Director General ranks.  Interpol (1923) = (International Criminal Police
 SOP No. 7 = prescribed PNP guidelines in the conduct Organization) is the police forces organization that
of operations against terrorists and other lawless primarily manifest global or international cooperation in
elements involved in terrorist activities. addressing transnational crime. Its headquarters was
initially located in Vienna Austria (it is where Interpol
United Nations = officially came into existence on October 24, was founded) but at present it is transferred to Lyon
1945 France.
= Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the  INTERPOL = is the world’s largest international police
declaration by United Nation. This declaration was made to organization, with 190 member countries. It exists to
officially state the Cooperation of the allies (Great Britain, the help create a safer world by supporting law
United States, and the Union of soviet Socialist Republics) enforcement agencies worldwide to combat crime.
 It aims to facilitate international police co-operation,
Branches of UN and supports and assists all organizations, authorities
1. UN general Assembly = this is the main decision- making and services whose mission is to prevent or combat
and representative assembly in the UN through its policies and internal crime.
recommendations. It is composed of all member states, is  = the organization of law enforcement agencies
headed by a president elected from the member states, and worldwide that serves as transmission or
meets from September to December communication line for the exchange of
information, data and request for assistance
Functions of General Assembly between and among the member countries.
a. Deliberative = initiating studies and making recommendations  It focuses on: (1) Combat crimes and transnational
for the development of international law crimes; (2) protect minorities against the dominant
b. Supervisory = receiving and considering annual and special groups; and (3) Maintain law enforcement
reports from another organs regardless of race or religion.
c. Financial = approval and apportionment of budget
d. Elective = election of non-permanent members of the Security INTERPOL’ s Structure
Council  General Assembly
e. Constituent = admissions of members and the amendments  Executive Committee
of charter  General Secretariat
 National Central Bureaus
2. UN Security Council = is another branch in the organization  Advisers
of the UN and is the most powerful of all the branches.  The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files.

FUNCTIONS General Assembly = is the supreme governing body of the

a. Preventive Action = consist of provisional measures to Interpol, it meets annually and comprises delegates appointed
prevent a conflict from worsening, and may involve the by each member country. The assembly takes all important
deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND OBSERVER missions decisions related to policy, resources, working methods,
b. Enforcement Action = consist of deployment of air, sea and finances, activities and programmes.
land forces
Five Permanent Members of Security Council Executive Committee = consisting of 13 members elected by
1. China the General Assembly and comprises the president, three vice
2. France –presidents and nine delegates covering the four regions.
3. Russia It is the INTERPOL’s select deliberate organ which
4. United Kingdom meets three times a year, usually in March, July and
5. United States immediately before the General Assembly.
*The other 10 members are rotating or elective
members for a period of two years by the General Assembly Current Members of the EC as of 2012
 KHOO Boon Hui (Singapore) – Current President and
3. International Court of Justice = Located in the Hague, Singapore’s Senior Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of
Netherlands. This branch is responsible for the judicial matters Home Affairs and former Commissioner of Police.
of the UN. 3 Vice Presidents
4.Secretariat = Its main responsibility is providing studies, Adamu Abubakar MOHAMMED (Nigeria)
information, and other data needed Mireille BALLESTRAZZI (France)
5. Economic and Social Council = consists of 45 members Oscar Adolfo NARANJO TRUJILLO (Colombia)
elected by the General Assembly for a 3 year term.
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

9 Delegates The following are channels of global bilateral and

 Pieter Jaap AALBERSBERG (The Netherlands) multilateral international cooperation against transnational
 Fath ELRAHMAN Osman (Sudan) crime:
 Emmanuel GASANA (Rwanda)  Global multi-lateral cooperation via Interpol;
 Francisco GIL MONTERO (Spain)  Bilateral police cooperation agreements with individual
 Nobuyuki KAWAI (Japan) states;
 Tariq KHOSA (Pakistan)  European multilateral cooperation via Europol.
 Sanna PALO (Finland)
 Marcos VASQUEZ MEZA (Chile) *System of policing that serves as a grass root approach to bring
 Timothy A. WILLIAMS (United States) the people and the police together in cooperative manners:
 Problem Oriented Policing
General Secretariat = (Lyon, France) operates 24 hours a day,  Community Oriented Policing
365 days a year and is run by the Secretary General. It Works  Cooperative Policing
with Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side using four  Team Policing
official languages: Arabic, English, French and Spanish. It
consists of seven (7) regional offices across the world namely: INTERPOL’s FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS
 Argentina, 1. Secure Global Police Communications Services
 Cameron, INTERPOL developed the I-24/7 global police
 Cote D’Ivoire, communications system to exchange crucial data
 Kenya, quickly and securely is a cornerstone of effective
 El Salvador, international law enforcement.
 Thailand, and
 Zimbabwe. 2. Operational Data Services and Databases for Police
INTERPOL provides operational data services and
National Central Bureaus (NCB) = Each INTERPOL member databases for police to fight international crime, police need
country maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by National access to information which can assist investigations or help
law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact prevent crime. INTERPOL manages several databases,
point for the General Secretariat, regional offices and other accessible to the INTERPOL bureaus in all member countries
member countries requiring assistance with overseas through its I-24/7.
investigations and the location and apprehension of fugitives.
3. Operational Police Support Services
Advisers = these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who a. 24-Hour Support
may be appointed by the Executive Committee and confirmed The Command and Co-ordination Centre(CCC)
by the General Assembly. operates round the clock in all of INTERPOL’s four official
languages (English, French, Spanish and Arabic) and serves as
Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’ File (CCF) = this the first point of contact for any member country faced with a
is an independent body whose mandate is threefold: crisis situation.
(1) to ensure that the processing of personal b. Crisis Response and Major Events
information by INTERPOL complies with the Organization’s In the event of a disaster or major crime, INTERPOL
regulations, Response Teams or Disaster Victim Identification teams
(2) to advice INTERPOL on any project, operation, set composed of officers from the General Secretariat and member
of rules or other matter concerning the information contained in countries can be dispatched to the scene within hours of an
INTERPOL’S files. event.
c. International Alert System
INTERPOL’s Governance = comprises the General Assembly An important component of INTERPOL’s operational
and the Executive Committee, which is headed by the President. police support is the notice system, of which the Red Notice
The President of the Organization is elected by the for wanted persons is the most well-known. In addition to the
General Assembly for a period of four (4) years. His role is to six color-coded notices (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black and
chair the General Assembly and Executive Committee and Orange), is the INTERPOL-United Nations Special Notice
ensure that INTERPOL’S activities conform with decisions made issued for groups or individuals who are the targets of UN
at these meetings. sanctions against Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
d. Analyzing Crime Data
 Oskar Dressler = the first secretary general of the Criminal intelligence analysis is recognized by the
Interpol. law enforcement community as a valuable tool, helping to
 Johann Schober = the first president of the Interpol. provide timely warning of threats and operational police
activities. INTERPOL contributes to investigations by assisting
INTERPOL’S NOTICE officers working at the General Secretariat and in member
1. Red Notice – a notice which is issued to seek the arrest or countries with research and analysis on crime trends and with
provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition. training courses in criminal analysis techniques.
2. Blue Notice – this type of notice is issued in order to locate,
identify or obtain information on a person of interest in a criminal Divisions of Criminal Intelligence Analysis
investigation. a. Operational Analysis = aims to achieve a specific law
3. Green Notice – to warn about a person's criminal activities if enforcement outcome. Usually, it has immediate benefit
that person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety. b. Strategic Analysis = provides early warning signals of
4. Yellow Notice – to help locate missing persons, often minors, threats and to support decision making in setting priorities to
or to help identify persons who are unable to identify deal with criminal issues
themselves.
5. Black Notice – a notice issued to seek information on 4. Police Training and Development
unidentified bodies. As one of the 4 INTERPOL core functions, Police
6. Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a person, an object or Training and Development continues to evolve as a priority for
a process representing an imminent threat and danger to INTERPOL and member countries.
persons or property.
7. Purple Notice – issued to provide information on modus ASEAN NATIONAL POLICE (ASEANAPOL)
operandi, objects, devices and concealment methods used by 1981 (Manila) = The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of
criminals. ASEAN Police
8. INTERPOL–United Nations Security Council Special = Attended by 5 original member countries (Indonesia,
Notice – is issued for individuals and entities that are subject to Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand)
UN sanctions.
FIVE OTHER MEMBERS
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 PRINCE CHEVY JOHN M. SEDIGO – REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST, CIVIL SERVICE PROF

1. Brunei 4. Myanmar
2. Cambodia 5. Vietnam
3. Lao

IMPORTANT DATES
 1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the model & design
of ASEANAPOL logo
 1984 (Kuala Lumpur) = Royal Brunei Police became
a member and joined the annual conference
 1996 (Kuala Lumpur) = Vietnam joined as a new
member
 1998 (Brunei) = Laos joined ASEANAPOL
 2000 (Myanmar) = Myanmar became the 10th country
to joined as a new member
 2005 (Bali) = The setting up of a working group to
consider the viability of establishing a permanent
ASEANAPOL Secretariat
= Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
 2008 (Brunei) = The Royal Malaysia Police was
chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL
Secretariat
 2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference
(TOR)
 2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of
ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ORANIZATION
1. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE = comprise of
deputy heads of delegation attending the annual ASEANAPOL
conference. It provides a summary reports of the activities of the
Secretariat to the Head of the Delegation

2. ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT = is on

rotational basis with member countries taking turn to host the
ASEANAPOL conference and automatically assume the role of
the secretariat for the current year.
= headed by executive director and assisted by 2
directors

Tenure of Services
a. Executive Director - 2 years
b. Directors - 3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans
and Programs
*During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi,
Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of Reference on the establishment
of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala
Lumpur was made the permanent seat.
*The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its operation
fully on January 1, 2010.

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