(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)

(19) World Intellectual Property

Organization
International Bureau
(10) International Publication Number
(43) International Publication Date WO 2014/089766 Al
19 June 20 14 (19.06.2014) W PO PCT

(51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY,
CIOM 1 73/02 (2006.0 1) C08L 71/08 (2006.0 1) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM,
C08L 71/02 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT,
HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP,
(21) International Application Number: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD,
PCT/CN20 12/086405 ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI,
(22) International Filing Date: NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU,
12 December 2012 (12. 12.2012) RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ,
TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA,
(25) Filing Language: English ZM, ZW.
(26) Publication Language: English 4 Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US) : DOW kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC [US/US]; 2040 Dow GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ,
Center, Midland, Michigan 48674 (US). UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ,
TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK,
(72) Inventors; and EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV,
(71) Applicants (for US only): MA, Jiangbo [CN/CN]; Room MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM,
201, Building 28, Lane 1717, Longwu Road, Xuhui D is TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,
trict, Shanghai 20023 1 (CN). GREAVES, Martin R. ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
[GB/CH]; Chriesimatt 46, CH-6340 Baar (CH). YU, Zhou-
wei [CN/CN]; Room 201, No. 105, Lao Shan Xin Cun, Declarations under Rule 4.17 :
Pudong District, Shanghai 200120 (CN). — of inventorship (Rule 4. 1 7(iv))
(74) Agent: KING & WOOD MALLESONS; 20th Floor, East Published:
Tower, World Financial Center, No. 1 Dongsanhuan Zhon-
— with international search report (Art. 21(3))
glu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020 (CN).
(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,

© (54) Title: A CONCENTRATED METALWORKING FLUID AND METALWORKING PROCESS

(57) Abstract: A concentrated metalworking fluid comprising from 60 to 90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group con-
sisting of water soluble polyalkylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more
thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble polyalkylene glycol; and from 0.2
to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme
pressure additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof is provided. Further provided is a
metalworking process.
 A CONCENTRATED METALWORKING FLUID AND METALWORKING PROCESS

Field of Invention

The instant invention relates to a concentrated metalworking fluid and metalworking process.

Background of the Invention

The market for metalworking fluids, including forming fluids, protecting fluids, removal

fluids and treating fluids, is growing and is associated with the development of the transportation

industry, metal fabrication industry, machinery, primary ferrous products, and primary aluminum

products.

There are four major types of metal working fluids: straight oil based products, soluble oils,

semi-synthetic oils and synthetic metal working fluids. The latter three are all water based fluids.

Among these four types of metal working fluids, synthetic metal working fluids are growing, at the

expense of straight-oil-based products and soluble oils. In addition to other factors such as improved

technologies, enhanced environmental requirements and the installation of new equipments, the

increased application of high-speed cutting technology and the continuous rise of crude oil prices are

the two major driving factors leading to growth of water based metalworking fluids . This is

especially the case for green-field investments.

Water based synthetic metal working fluids have been known for many years. These

typically contain 90-99% water and include performance boosting additives. These fluids provide

excellent cooling capacity and in many cases good lubrication such that the metal parts that are

machined have good surface finishes and tool life is considered good. However it is widely

acknowledged that water based fluids often do not have the excellent lubrication properties that

straight oil based products can have. Furthermore they can be prone to causing ferrous corrosion due

to their high water content if they are not adequately protected with corrosion inhibitors. Many
efforts have been focused on the development of new additives for synthetic metal working fluids.

One area of exploration is in new foam control additives. Foam control is an increasingly important

performance need since machining speeds in the production engineering industry continue to

increase resulting in higher fluid turbulence and air ingress into the fluid. Polyalkylene glycols have

been used as foam control additives in water based metalworking fluids and these tend to be block or

reverse block copolymers based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. One example is Pluronic

PE6100 from BASF.

Summary of the Invention

The instant invention is a concentrated metalworking fluid and metalworking process.

In one embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking fluid

comprising from 60 to 90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water

soluble polyalkylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations

of two or more thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by

weight oil soluble polyalkylene glycol; and from 0.2 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives

selected from the group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure

additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The instant invention is a concentrated metalworking fluid and metalworking process,

The concentrated metalworking fluid according to the present invention comprises from 60 to

90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene

glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more

thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol; and from 0.2 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the
group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers,

biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention further provides a metalworking process

which comprises providing a metal article; subjecting the metal article to one or more of finishing,

tooling, cutting, grinding, polishing, shaping, forming or bending processes; and applying a metal

working fluid onto at least a portion of the metal article, wherein the metalworking fluid comprises

from 75 to 99 percent by weight water and from 25 tol percent by weight concentrated

metalworking fluid, wherein the concentrated metalworking fluid comprises from 60 to 90 percent

by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene glycols,

methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more thereof; from

5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble polyalkylene

glycol; and from 0 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the group consisting

of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity

additives, and combinations of two or more thereof.

The concentrated metalworking fluid comprises from 60 to 90 percent by weight base oil. All

individual values and subranges 60 to 90 percent by weight are included herein and disclosed herein;

for example, the amount of base oil can be from a lower limit 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 or 85 percent by

weight to an upper limit of 64, 69, 74, 79, 84, 89 or 90 percent by weight. For example, the amount

of base oil may be in the range of from 60 to 90 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount

of base oil may be in the range of from 60 to 75 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount

of base oil may be in the range of from 75 to 90 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount

of base oil may be in the range of from 68 to 78 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount

of base oil may be in the range of from 70 to 80 percent by weight..

 The base oil is selected from the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene glycols,

methoxy-capped polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more

thereof. Water soluble polyalkylene glycols include, for example, those sold under the tradenames

UCON 50HB-170, UCON 50HB 260, and UCON 75H450 which are commercially available from

The Dow Chemical Company. Other water soluble polyalkylene glycols useful in the invention

include water soluble polyethylene glycols, including those commercically available from The Dow

Chemical Company under the tradenames CARBOWAX PEG-200, CARBOWAX PEG-300, and

CARBOWAX PEG-400. One exemplary methoxy-capped polyethylene glycol which may be used

in an embodiment of the invention is CARBOWAX MPEG-350 commercially available from The

Dow Chemical Company.

The concentrated metalworking fluid comprises from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether.

All individual values and subranges 5 to 20 percent by weight are included herein and disclosed

herein; for example, the amount of glycol ether can be from a lower limit of 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 or 19

percent by weight to an upper limit of 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 or 20 percent by weight. For example, the

amount of glycol ether may be in the range of from 5 to 20 percent by weight, or in the alternative, ,

the amount of glycol ether may be in the range of from 5 to 16 percent by weight, or in the

alternative, the amount of glycol ether may be in the range of from 1 to 20 percent by weight, or in

the alternative, the amount of glycol ether may be in the range of from 8 to 18 percent by weight, or

in the alternative, the amount of glycol ether may be in the range of from 5 to 10 percent by weight.

Glycol ethers useful in certain embodiments of the invention include those commercially

available from The Dow Chemical Company under the tradenames DOW ANOL DPNP Glycol Ether,

DOWANOL TPM Glycol Ether, DOWANOL PNB Glycol Ether, and DOW ANOL TPNB Glycol

Ether.
 The concentrated metalworking fluid comprises from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol. All individual values and subranges from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight are

included herein and disclosed herein; for example, the amount of oil soluble polyalkylene glycol can

be from a lower limit of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.51, 3, 3.7, 4, or 4.75 percent by weight to an upper

limit of 0.05, 0.4, .6, 2.3, 3, 3.9, 4.45, or 5 percent by weight. For example, the amount of oil

soluble polyalkylene glycol may be in the range of from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight, or in the

alternative, the amount of oil soluble polyalkylene glycol may be in the range of from 0.01 to 2.45

percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount of oil soluble polyalkylene glycol may be in the

range of from 2.45 to 5 percent by weight or in the alternative, the amount of oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol may be in the range of from 0. 1 to 2.5 percent by weight or in the alternative,

the amount of oil soluble polyalkylene glycol maybe in the range of from 1 to 3.5 percent by weight.

Oil soluble polyalkylene glycols useful in embodiments of the concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process include any polyalkylene glycol which exhibits miscibility in API

(American Petroleum Institute) Group I, mineral oils at weight percent levels from 10/90 to 90/10 oil

soluble polyalkylene glycol/mineral oil. Commercially available oil soluble polyalkylene glycols

include those available under the tradenames UCON OSP -18, UCON OSP -32, UCON OSP -46,

UCON OSP -68, UCON OSP -150, UCON OSP -220, UCON OSP -320, UCON OSP -460, UCON

OSP -680 and SYNALOX OD-80 from The Dow Chemical Company.

The concentrated metalworking fluid comprises from 0.2 to 6 percent by weight one or more

additives selected from the group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme

pressure additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof,

All individual values and subranges from 0.2 to 6 are included herein and disclosed herein; for

example, the amount of one or more additives can be from a lower limit of 0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5

or 5.5 percent by weight to an upper limit of 0.3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 percent by weight For example,
the amount of one or more additives may be in the range of from 0.2 to 6 percent by weight, or in the

alternative, the amount of one or more additives may be in the range of from 0.2 to 3 5 percent by

weight, or in the alternative, the amount of one or more additives may be in the range of from 2.5 to

6 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount of one or more additives may be in the range of

from 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the base oil comprises at least one water soluble polyalkylene glycol selected from the group

consisting of butanol initiated copolymers comprising units derived from ethylene oxide and

propylene oxide.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol is selected from the group consisting of dodecanol initiated

copolymers comprising units derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide, diol initiated

butylene oxide homopolymers, and combinations of two or more thereof.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol is present in an amount from 0.01 to 2.5 percent by weight.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol comprises a dodecanol initiated copolymer comprising units

derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide and having a kinematic viscosity from 1 to 46 cSt

at 40 °C.
 In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol comprises a diol initiated butylene oxide homopolymer

having a kinematic viscosity from 70 to 700 cSt at 40 °C.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the glycol ether has an auto-ignition temperature of at least 200 °C. All individual values and

subranges from at least 200 °C are included herein an disclosed herein; for example, the glycol ether

may have an auto-ignition temperature from a lower limit of 200, 210, 220, 230, 240 or 250 °C.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the glycol ether has at least 4 percent by weight solubility in water.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a concentrated metalworking

fluid and metalworking process, in accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except

that the base oil is present in an amount from 65 to 85 percent by weight, the glycol ether is present

in an amount from 10 to 5 percent by weight, and the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol is present in

an amount from 0.01 to 2.5 percent by weight.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention provides a metalworking process, in

accordance with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, except that the oil soluble polyalkylene

glycol is present in the metalworking fluid in an amount from 100 to 2000 ppm.

In an alternative embodiment, the instant invention further provides a metalworking process

wherein the metalworking fluid comprises from 75 to 99 percent by weight water and from 25 tol

percent by weight concentrated metalworking fluid. All individual values and subranges from 75 to

99 percent by weight water are included herein and disclosed herein; for example, the amount of
water can range from a lower limit of 75, 80, 85, 90, or 95 percent by weight to an upper limit of 76,

8 , 86, 91, 96 or 99 percent by weight. For example, the amount of water can range from 75 to 99

percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount of water can range from 77 to 95 percent by

weight, or in the alternative, the amount of water can range from 75 to 85 percent by weight, or in

the alternative, the amount of water can range from 85 to 99 percent by weight, or in the alternative,

the amount of water can range from 80 to 90 percent by weight. All individual values and subranges

from 1 to 25 percent by weight concentrated metalworking fluid are included herein and disclosed

herein; for example, the amount of concentrated metalworking fluid can range from a lower limit of

1, 6, , 16, or 2 1 percent by weight to an upper limit of 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 or 25 percent by weight

For example, the amount of concentrated metalworking fluid can range from 1 to 25 percent by

weight, or in the alternative, the amount of concentrated metalworking fluid can range from 23 to 5

percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount of concentrated metalworking fluid can range

from 1 to 25 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount of concentrated metalworking

fluid can range from 1 to 15 percent by weight, or in the alternative, the amount of concentrated

metalworking fluid can range from 1 to 20 percent by weight.

In yet another alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a concentrated

metalworking fluid consisting essentially of from 60 to 90 percent by weight base oil selected from

the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols,

polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight

glycol ether; from 0 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble polyalkylene glycol; and from 0.2 to 6

percent by weight one or more additives selected from the group consisting of anti-weld agents,

coiTosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity additives, and

combinations of two or more thereof.

 In another alternative embodiment, the instant invention further provides a metalworking

process which comprises providing a metal article; subjecting the metal article to one or more of

finishing, tooling, cutting, grinding, polishing, shaping, forming or bending processes; and applying

a metal working fluid onto at least a portion of the metal article, wherein the metalworking fluid

comprises from 75 to 95 percent by weight water and from 25 to 5 percent by weight concentrated

metalworking fluid, wherein the concentrated metalworking fluid consists essentially of from 60 to

90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene

glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more

thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oi soluble

polyalkylene glycol; and from 0 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the

group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers,

biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof.

Examples

The following examples illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope

of the invention.

Table 1 provides the compositions and foam decay times for each of Comparative Example

(Comp. Ex.) 1 and Inventive Examples (Inv. Ex.) 1-2. Table 2 provides the compositions and foam

decay times for each of Comparative Examples 2-5 and Inventive Examples 2-3,

CARBOWAX MPEG-350 is a methoxy capped polyethylene glycol having a molecular

weight of 350 g/mole and is commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company.

DO A OL DPNP Glycol Ether is dipropylene glycol mono-propylefher with an average

molecular weight = 176 g mole. It has a solubility in water of 15wt% at 25 °C and is commercially

available from The Dow Chemical Company.

 DOWFAX DF- 2, is an alcohol initiated Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide reverse block

copolymer with a 1% aqueous cloud point of 10 °C and is commercially available from The Dow

Chemical Company.

DOWFAX DF-1 11 is a glycerine initiated Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide reverse block

copolymer with a 1% aqueous cloud point of 20.5 °C and is commercially available from The Dow

Chemical Company.

DOWFAX DF-1 07 is an Ethylene Oxide/Propylene Oxide reverse block copolymer, with a

1% aqueous cloud point of 22 °C and is commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company.

UCON OSP 32 is an oil soluble polyalkylene glycol. It is an alcohol initiated propylene

oxide/butylene oxide copolymer having a kinematic viscosity of 32 cSt at 40 °C and is commercially

available from The Dow Chemical Company.

SYNALOX OD-80 is an oil soluble polyalkylene glycol. It is a butylene oxide homo-

polymer having a kinematic viscosity of 80cSt at 40 °C and is commercially available from The

Dow Chemical Company.

Phosphate esters were used as a lubricity additive and alkanolamines were used to adjust pH.

Table 1
 Table 2

Higher and lower levels of oil soluble polyalkylene glycol defoaming agent were also tested.

Such fonnulations are shown in Table 3.

Table 3
 As discussed in the Foam Test Method description below, the Comparative and Inventive

Examples are for concentrated solutions. The concentrated solutions are diluted to 10% in deionized

water for Foam Testing. Thus, an anti-foam level of 0. 1% in an Example equates to 100 ppm in the

diluted test solution; an anti-foam level of 0.2% in an Example equates to 200 ppm in the diluted test

solution; an anti-foam level of 0.5% in an Example equates to 500 ppm in the diluted test solution;

an anti-foam level of 1% in an Example equates to 1000 ppm in the diluted test solution; and an anti-

foam level of 5% in an Example equates to 5000 ppm in the diluted test solution.

As can be readily seen from the foregoing examples, the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol anti-

foam additives show substantial improvement in the speed of foam decay.

Test Methods

Test methods include the following:

Foam Test Method

20g of the metalworking fluid concentrate (n.b., Comparative or Inventive Example) was

added to 180g of de-ionized water in a food blender with 1250 ml capacity. The solution was stirred

at ambient temperature at a rotation rate of 2000rpm for 0 minutes to produce a foam. The solution

was immediately transfered to a 500ml graduated cylinder and the foam behavior was monitored. As

the foam decays, a clear liquid phase was observed at the bottom of the graduated cylinder. The

time for 20 ml clear liquid to be observed was recorded. Shorter time indicates faster foam decay

and better anti- foam property.

The present invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and

the essential attributes thereof, and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims,

rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.
WHAT I S CLAIMED IS:

1. A concentrated metalworking fluid comprising;

from 60 to 90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water soluble

polyalkylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more thereof;

from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether;

from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble polyalkylene glycol; and

from 0.2 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the group consisting of

anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity

additives, and combinations of two or more thereof.

2. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the base oil comprises at

least one water soluble polyalkylene glycol selected from the group consisting of butanol initiated

copolymers comprising units derived from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

3. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim , wherein the oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol is selected from the group consisting of dodecanol initiated copolymers

comprising units derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide, diol initiated butylene oxide

homopolymers, and combinations of two or more thereof.

4. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol is present in an amount from 0.01 to 2.5 percent by weight.

5. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol comprises a dodecanol initiated copolymer comprising units derived from

propylene oxide and butylene oxide and having a kinematic viscosity from 18 to 46 cSt at 40 °C.

6. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol comprises a diol initiated butylene oxide homopolymer having a kinematic

viscosity from 70 to 700 cSt at 40 °C.

7. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the glycol ether has an

auto-ignition temperature of at least 200 C .

8. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the glycol ether has at

least 4 percent by weight solubility in water.

9. The concentrated metalworking fluid according to claim 1, wherein the base oil is present in

an amount from 65 to 85 percent by weight, the glycol ether is present in an amount from 10 to 15

percent by weight, and the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol is present in an amount from 0.01 to 2.5

percent by weight.

10. A metalworking process, comprising:

providing a metal article;

subjecting the metal article to one or more of finishing, tooling, cutting, grinding,

polishing, shaping, forming or bending processes; and

applying a metal working fluid onto at least a portion of the metal article, wherein the

metalworking fluid comprises from 75 to 99 percent by weight water and from 25 to 1 percent by

weight metalworking fluid concentrate, wherein the metalworking fluid concentrate comprises from

60 to 90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene

glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more

thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble

polyalkylene glycol; and from 0 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the

group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers,

biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof.

11. The metalworking process according to claim 10, wherein the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol

is selected from the group consisting of dodecanol initiated copolymers comprising units derived
from propylene oxide and butylene oxide, diol initiated butylene oxide homopolymers, and

combinations of two or more thereof.

12. The metalworking process according to claim 10, wherein the oil soluble polyalkylene glycol

is present in the metalworking fluid in an amount from 200 to 2000 ppm.

 International application No.
INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
PCT/CN2012/086405
A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER

See the extra sheet

According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IP C

B. FIELDS SEARCHED

Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols)

IPC: CIOM 173/-; C08L 71/-

Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched

Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used)

DWPI, SIPOABS, CNKI, CNABS, STN: metalworking??, metal w working??, glycol??, glycol? w ether?, water w soluble??, oil w
[soluble?, polyalkylene w glycol??, ethylene w oxide?, propylene w oxide?, butylene w oxide?, concentrat????, dodecanol?, butanol?

DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT

Category' Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No.

Y CN 1954013 A (BASF AG) 25 April 2007 (25.04.2007) claims 1-34 1-12

Y CN 102471720 A (DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC) 23 May 2012 (23.05.2012) claims| 1-12
1-12
Y CN 1020 10778 A (YININ DONGGUAN CITY STAR TECHN DEV CO) 13 April 20 11 1-12
(13.04.201 1) claim 1
A EP 1808475 A2 (BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC) 18 July 2007 (18.07.2007) the whole 1-12
document
A JP 2007238713 A (NIPPON OIL CO LTD) 20 September 2007 (20.09.2007) the whole 1-12
document
A WO 9715643 A l (INT REFINING & MFG CO) 0 1 May 1997 (01 .05.1997) the whole 1-12
document
l~~l Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C . See patent family annex.

* Special categories of cited documents: "T" later document published after the international filing date
or priority date and not in conflict with the application but
Ά " document defining the general state of the art which is not cited to understand the principle or theory underlying the
considered to be of particular relevance invention
Έ" earlier application or patent but published on or after the "X" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention
international filing date cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to involve
an inventive step when the document is taken alone
'L" document which may throw doubts on priority claim (S) or
"Y" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention
which is cited to establish the publication date of another
cannot be considered to involve an inventive step when the
citation or other special reason (as specified) document is combined with one or more other such
Ό" document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or documents, such combination being obvious to a person
other means skilled in the art

'P" document published prior to the international filing date " & "document member of the same patent family
but later than the priority date claimed
Date of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report
02 September 2013 (02.09.2013) 19 Sep. 2013 (19.09.2013)
Name and mailing address of the ISA/CN
Authorized officer
The State Intellectual Property Office, the P.R.China
6 Xitucheng Rd., Jimen Bridge, Haidian District, Beijing, China MIAO, Wenjun
100088
Telephone No. (86-10 )62 0 843 90
Facsimile No. 86-10-62019451
Form PCT ISA /210 (second sheet) (July 2009)
 INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application No.
Information on patent family members
PCT/CN2012/086405

Patent Documents referred Publication Date Patent Family Publication Date

in the Report

CN 1954013 A 25.04.2007 DE 602005002649 D l 08. 11. 2007

IN 237926 B 22. 0 1 . 2010

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IN 201200650 P4 22. 03. 2013

JP 2013500358A 07. 0 1 . 2013

CN 102010778 A 13.04.2011 None

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 INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application No.
Information on patent family members
PCT/CN2012/086405

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in the Report

SG 170864 A l 30. 05. 2011

CN 101003764 A 25. 07. 2007

KR 20070076456 A 24. 07. 2007

SG 134242 A 1 29. 08. 2007

P 2007238713 A 20.09.2007 JP 5004481 B2 22. 08. 2012

WO 971 5643 A l 0 1 .05.1997 US 5801128 A 0 1 . 09. 1998

EP 0871689 A l 2 1 . 10. 1998

Form PCT ISA /210 (patent family annex) (July 2009)

 INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application No.

PCT/CN2012/086405
A . CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER

According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IP C :

CIOM 173/02 (2006.01) i

C08L 71/02 (2006.01) i

C08L 71/08 (2006.01) i

Form PCT/ISA /210 (extra sheet) (July 2009)