Practice Problems in Algebra, Trigonometry, and Analytic Geometry

PRACTICE PROBLEMS IN ALGEBRA, TRIGONOMETRY,
AND ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
The accompanying problems from the subjects covered on the Mathematics Placement
Examination can be used by students to identify subject areas that need attention in
preparation for the examination. The examination covers the subjects of Algebra,
Trigonometry, and Analytic Geometry which students traditionally learn in high school.
It is not expected that all incoming students can work all of the following exercises. The
placement examination is used to determine what preparatory courses, if any, are needed
to be successful at NJIT. THE USE OF CALCULATORS IS NOT PERMITTED ON
THE PLACEMENT EXAM .
1. Evaluate È25  "%%.

" "
#Þ Expand (x #  C # Ñ# .
$ $
$Þ Combine into a single fraction and simplify: B"  B" .
# #B"
%Þ Combine into a single fraction and simplify: B$  ÐB$Ñ# B .
&Þ Solve for x: B$  'B#  #(B œ !

B# C" $#
'Þ Write and simplify as a fraction without negative exponents: B" C# 3#
.
# "
B#  B#
(Þ Simplify: $ .
B
)Þ Solve for x:  2x#  )B  " œ !.
9. B  È"#B  #& œ  $
In Problems 9,10, and 11, solve for x and check your answers in the original equation:
"!Þ B  #  ÈB œ %
""Þ B  $ œ  È#&  "#B
" #
"2. Solve for y: C œ B  &$ .
$ $ '
13. Combine into a single fraction +  ,  -
In Problems 14,15, and 16, P91 will refer to P91 "! , that is Log to the base 10.
14. Solve for x: Ð Log BÑ œ #
"&Þ Solve for x: ÐP91BÑ#  P91ÐB$ Ñ  # œ !
"'Þ Evaluate numerically: Log 5 + Log 2
17. Express the solutions for x as Logarithms: "!#B  &Ð"!BÑ  ' œ !.
")+ÑÞ Simplify: (x$ Ñ# .
"),ÑÞ Write as a power of x: ÈÐB$ ÑB# .
In problems 19, 20, and 21, write the given expression in the form: +ÐB  ,Ñ#  - , giving
the values of a, b and c.
"*. B#  %B  &
20. 3x#  &B  #
#"Þ %B  B#  &
22. ¸#B  & ¸  $

In problems 22 and 23, describe the set of all x which satisfy the given inequality:
#$. ¸  $B  " ¸  &

#%. Write the expression in terms of Log x +8. Log(x-1): P91Ð ÈBB" Ñ.
#
" "
25. Solve for x: B #Ð*BÑ œ !
" B
#'Þ Solve for x: B %B # œ !
#(. Solve for x:  B##  #ÐB$Ñ

"
# œ!
#). Solve for x: P91"! ÐB  #Ñ œ "
"
#BÐB# BÑ $ Ð#B"Ñ #
#*Þ Solve for x: $  ÐB#  BÑ $ œ !; x Á !
$
#
$!. Factor and simplify: [x  $B  "!Ó # .
" $
$"Þ Evaluate and simplify the given expression when B œ 9: x #  B # .
$ $
B % B "!
$#Þ Simplify: "
B "#
$ $ "
B "' B % B '
$$Þ Simplify: "
B)
For problems 34-37, sketch the graph of the function and find the coordinates of the
intercepts (if any) with the x and y axes:
34. C œ ÐB  #Ñ#  "
$&Þ C œ B#  %B
$'Þ B œ %C #  $C
$(Þ B# œ *  C #
38. Evaluate -9=Ð2E<->+8Ð $% ÑÑ.
$*. Use the quadratic formula to find the roots of 5x#  "$B  ' œ ! and then write
the expression 5x#  "$B  ' in factored formÞ
%!Þ Given the fact that one root of the given polynomial is B œ #ß Completely factor it.
2x$  "" #
$ B B $
#
%"Þ Find the roots of the equation: 2x#  "$ B  "$ œ !.

42. Divide 2x$  "" # #
$ B  B  $ by ÐB  #Ñ.
%$Þ Find the equation of the line Ðin C œ 7B  , formÑ through Ð  %ß "Ñ with
slope =  "&
%%Þ Find the equation of the line (in C œ 7B  , form) with x-intercept = $
and y-intercept = 5.
%&Þ Solve the system of equations: C œ  "& B  "&
B œ C #  'C  "
%'. Find the equation of the line (in C œ 7B  , formÑ through the point Ð  2ß 5Ñ
with an angle of inclination of 45 degrees.
47. Find the equation of the line Ðin C œ 7B  , formÑ through the point Ð  "ß $Ñ
with an angle of inclination of "#0 degrees.
48. Find the equation of the line Ðin C œ 7B  , formÑ through the point Ð"ß  )$ Ñ
and the point Ð  #ß "$ Ñ.
B$ # )
$ B #B $
%*. Use polynomial division to simplify:
&!Þ Expand and simplify: ÐBÈ&  C È# ÑÐBÈ&  C È# Ñ.
#
B B#
&"Þ Expand (È# B  &Ñ# .

&#Þ Find and simplify the y -coordinate of the point on the curve C œ B#  %B  "
È$ %
with x-coordinate = Ð # Ñ.
53. Find the x-intercepts of the curve: C œ B$  "'B.
&%Þ Find the x-intercepts of the curve: C œ B$  B # .
&&Þ Solve the system of equations: C œ  B$  $% B#  $# B  "#
C œ  B#  B  "#
&'Þ Solve the system of equations:
9a+3b+c=2
a+b+c=4
6a+b=0
57. Find the point of intersection of the lines represented by the equations C œ #B  "
and C œ "$ B  ".
58. If the slope of a line through Ð  #ß "Ñ is 3, find the equation of the line through
Ð  #ß "Ñ which is :/<:/8.3-?6+< to this lineÞ
&*Þ Solve for x: B%  'B#  ) œ !.
'!. Find all solution sets to the system of equations:
x#  $C# œ "$
#BC œ  %
'"Þ Solve for x: (x+3)$ Ð*B#  'B  $$Ñ  Ð$B$  $B#  $$B  #&ÑÐ$ÑÐB  $Ñ# œ !
'#Þ Solve for x: (x+3)% Ð#ÑÐB  "Ñ  ÐB  "Ñ# Ð%ÑÐB  $Ñ$ œ !
for B œ  "  È$
#
'$Þ Evaluate and simplify BB" #B
'%Þ If 2x#  $B  # is divided by (3x-2), find the quotient and remainder.

#B" E F
65. If B# &B' œ B$  B# , find E and F .
#B" E F G
''Þ If BÐB#Ñ# œ B  B#  ÐB#Ñ# , find Eß Fß and G .
"!B#! E FBG
'(Þ If ÐB"ÑÐB# *Ñ œ B"  B# * , find Eß Fß and G .
# $ #
')Þ Combine into a single fraction and simplify: B%  ÐB%Ñ#  B" .
'*Þ Factor all denominators, find the common denominator,combine into a single
fraction and simplify leaving the denominator in factored form: BB" "
$ %B  B# %B%
(!Þ Change 135 degrees to radians.

71. Change 5 radians to degrees (leave the answer in terms of 1).
72. If an arc on a circle of radius 3" subtends a central angle of 30 degrees, find the
length of the arc in terms of 1.
73. What is the value of =38(240‰ Ñ?
(%Þ What is the value of -9=()(!‰ Ñ?
(&Þ The angle of elevation to the top of a building from a point on the ground 40 feet
from the foot of the building is 60 degrees. How tall is the building?
76. Expand the left side of the given equation using the identity for =38(a  b) in order
to find a value for B in the second quadrant that satisfies:
È$
#È#
=38ÐB  1$ Ñ œ "# =38B 
((Þ Use the identity =38# B œ "# Ð"  -9s#BÑ to evaluate =38( & 1
"# Ñ.
78. Use an appropriate identity for -9=#B to write the polar equation < œ -9=#) in
Cartesian Coordinates.
79. Put the equation of the line B œ 3 into polar coordinates.
80. Sketch the graph of C œ >+82B. What is the period of this function?
81. Expand and simplify: (B  "  È#ÑÐB  "  È# Ñ
)#Þ In triangle EFG , + œ & ß =38E œ Þ$ and =38F œ Þ#Þ What is the length of side b?
83. Solve for x: ÈB#  *  $ œ B
)%Þ Express as a single term in simplest form: È#%  'É #$

" B"
)&Þ Simplify: " .
B B
)'Þ Solve for x in degrees: =38B œ -9=Ð%)‰ Ñ.

)(Þ Find the value of =38ÐE<->+8Ð $% ÑÑ.
))Þ Use the appropriate trigonometric identity to write the expression
-9=# B
=38B  =38Bß as a single term.
"
89. If B œ 8, what is the value of $B!  #B $ ?
*!Þ Use the appropriate trigonometric identity to expand and simplify =38Ð")!‰  BÑ.
*"Þ If =38B œ $& ß find =38Ð#BÑ.
*#Þ Solve the system of equations:
x#  C#  %C  & œ !
BC"œ!
*$Þ Express the value of ArcsinÐ1Ñ in terms of 1.
È#"
94. If x is a positive acute angle and -9=B œ & , find the value of =38BÞ
*&Þ In triangle EFG , œ 'ß - œ "! and the measure of angle A is 30 degrees.
Find the area of triangle EFG .
#=38# B "
*'Þ Prove the identity: =38#B  >+8B œ Ð =/-BÑÐ-=-BÑ.
*(Þ Solve the following system of equations:
#B  C  D œ #
%B  #C  $D œ  #
)B  $C  #D œ &
% )
*)Þ If x and y are positive acute angles and if =38B œ & and -9=C œ "( ,
find the value of -9=ÐB  CÑ.
**Þ Find the smallest positive value of x which satisfies the equation
#-9=# B  -9=B  " œ !.
#Ð"-9=BÑ
"!!. Simplify: =38# B-9=B-9=# B .
"!"Þ What is the numerical value of =38 1'  -9= 1# ?

"!#. Express $-9=# B  -9=B  # in factored form as a product of two binomials.
&
103. Find the value of tan(Arcsin "$ Ñ.
È&!
$È)
104. Simplify: .
"!&Þ The length of an arc of a circle is 12". If this arc subtends a central angle of 1 "#
radians, find the length of the radius of the circle.
106. The sides of a triangle are 2, 3, and 4. Find the cosine of the largest angle in
the triangle.
107. In triangle A BC the measure of angle A is 40 degrees greater than that of angle C,
and the measure of angle B is twice that of angle C. Find the number of degrees in
angle C.
108. Find the value of x if *B œ #(#
$È(
&
"!*Þ Express as an equivalent fraction with a rational denominator.
"
110. If x is a positive acute angle whose cosine is # and y is a positive acute angle whose
sine is "# . What is the value of =38(x+y)?
111. If x and y are angles (as in problem 110), what is the value -9=(x  y)?
112a). If =38Ð  BÑ is "$ , what is the value of =38ÐBÑ ?
112b). If -9=Ð  BÑ is "$ , what is the value of -9=ÐBÑ?
>+8B
113. Simplify: =/-B .
""%Þ The surface area of a sphere varies directly as the square of its radius. If the area is
361 when the radius is 3, what is the area when the radius is 6 ?
115. The perimeter of a rectangle is #!". If a diagonal of the rectangle is #È"( ", find
the length and width of the rectangle.
116. Find all values of x from 0 to 21 which satisfy the equation -9=#B  -9=B œ !.
angle B equals 45 degrees. If the length of side b equals È$ , find the area of the
""(. In right triangle ABC the measure of angle C equals 90 degrees and the measure of
triangle.
118. If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are 7 and 10 and the cosine of the included
angle is  "( , what is the length of the third side?
119. Determine the solution set for #=38# B œ "  =38B for ! Ÿ B Ÿ #1.
"#!Þ What is the period of the function C œ -9= "# B ?
121. What is the value of 2=38$!  >+8# '! ?
122. What is the value of -9= "# 1  =38 1% ?
123. In a circle with its center at the origin, a central angle of 1 radian subtends an arc of
5 units. What is the equation of the circle?
124. Find the distance between the points (1,-2) and ( 6, 10).
125. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the line joining (1,-2) and ( 6, 10).
126. Find the center and vertices of the ellipse whose equation is
*B#  ")B  %C #  "'C œ "".
B#
127. Find the equations of the asymptotes for the hyperbola with equation: %  C # œ ".
128. Find the equation of the line which is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining
(1,-2) and ( 6, 10).
129. If two points on a circle are Ð$ß #Ñ +8. Ð'ß  "Ñ , and an equation of a line that goes
through the center of this circle is C œ #B  (ß find an equation for the circle.
130. Find the coordinates of the points at which the parabola C œ B# intersects the circle
with center at the origin and radius equal to 1.
"$"Þ An ellipse which is centered at the origin has vertices Ð%ß !Ñß Ð!ß  #Ñß Ð  %ß !Ñß
Ð!ß #Ñ. Find its equation.
Ð!ß  #Ñ. A point on the hyperbola has coordinates Ð "# È& ß $Ñ. Find an equation
132. A hyperbola which is centered at the origin intersects the y axis at Ð !ß #Ñ and
for the hyperbola.

133. The hypotenuse of a right triangle 25, and one of its sides is 24. Find the length of
the other side.
134. The vertices of a triangle are EÐ"ß  #Ñß FÐ%ß 'Ñß GÐ(ß  #Ñ. Find its area.
135. Solve for B: 691# ÐB  "Ñ œ $
"$'Þ Triangle ABC is a right triangle with angle B=90 degrees. Angle A is 30 degrees.
A line is drawn from a point D on line AB to C such that angle CDB is 60 degrees.
The length of segment AD is 20. Find the length of side BC.
137. Point A is outside a circle of radius r. A line is drawn from A to the center of the
circle and another line through A tangent to the circle. The distance between A and
the circle along the line through A to the center is 4 units. The distance between A
and the point of tangency is 12. Find the radius of the circle.
138. Find the center and radius of the circle with equation: B#  'B  C #  #C œ  "
139. If the equations of the top and bottom halves of a parabola are C œ #  ÈB  % and
C œ #  ÈB  % respectively, find a single equation for the entire parabola.
B=38C œ $
B-9=C œ È$
140. Solve the system of equations:
"%". Sketch a triangle ABC with vertices EÐ!ß  "Ñß FÐ!ß ' Ñ and GÐ%ß $ÑÞ Find the area
of this triangle.
142. If E and F are angles such that >+8E œ "$ and >+8F œ "% , find and simplify a
numerical value for >+8ÐE  FÑ.
143. Solve for x: #B" œ #B  ).
"%%Þ A circle with center at (2,3) goes through a point with coordinates (4,1). Find an
equation for the circle.
145. Find an equation for the axis of symmetry and the coordinates of the vertex point
for the parabola C œ #B#  )B  ".
"%'Þ The interior angles of a triangle are represented by Bß #B  "!ß and "# B  $! Þ
Find the angles of the triangle.
147. If a side of an equilateral triangle has a length of two units, find the area of this
triangle.
148. If the equal sides of an isosceles are each 4 units in length and the angles opposite
these sides are 30 degrees, find the length of the third side of the triangle.
149. Find an equation for the line which goes through the point Ð"ß  $Ñ and is parallel
to the line $C  %B œ ".
"&!. For !  B  ", find the value of C if C œ E<-=38B  E<--9=BÞ

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS IN ALGEBRA, TRIGONOMETRY,

AND ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

1. Evaluate È25  "%%.

&Þ Solve for x: B$  'B#  #(B œ !

)Þ Solve for x:  2x#  )B  " œ !.

22. ¸#B  & ¸  $

#$. ¸  $B  " ¸  &

#(. Solve for x:  B##  #ÐB$Ñ

%"Þ Find the roots of the equation: 2x#  "$ B  "$ œ !.

&"Þ Expand (È# B  &Ñ# .

'%Þ If 2x#  $B  # is divided by (3x-2), find the quotient and remainder.

(!Þ Change 135 degrees to radians.

)%Þ Express as a single term in simplest form: È#%  'É #$

)'Þ Solve for x in degrees: =38B œ -9=Ð%)‰ Ñ.

"!"Þ What is the numerical value of =38 1'  -9= 1# ?

for the hyperbola.

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