Minor Project Report Metal Detector Electrical Engineering (Uee001)

MINOR PROJECT REPORT
METAL DETECTOR
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (UEE001)
Submitted by
Sarthak Babbar 101903620 Lekha Revankar 101915191

Devansh 101903624 Akshat Jain 101915193
Divesh Agarwal 101903610
Under the Guidance of
Dr. S. K. Aggarwal
(Associate Professor)
2019 (July – December)

Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department
Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala
(Declared as Deemed-to-be-University u/s 3 of the UGC Act., 1956)
Post Bag No. 32, Patiala – 147004)
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Metal detector is a very common device that is used for checking persons, luggage or bags in
shopping malls, hotels, cinema halls, etc. to ensure that person is not carrying any metals or illegal
things like guns, bombs etc. Metal Detectors detect the presence of metals.
There are different types of metal detectors like hand held metal detectors, walk through metal
detectors and ground search metal detectors. Metal detectors can be created easily and the circuit
for a basic metal detector is not that complex.
In this project, we have designed a simple DIY type Metal Detector Circuit using very simple
components that can be used in our homes and gardens.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Sr.No. Name Of Component Quantity Specification
1. Timer IC 1 IC 555
2. Capacitor Type 1 2 2.2 µF
3. Capacitor Type 2 1 10 µF
4. Capacitor Type 3 1 0.1 µF(103 pF)
5. Resistor Type 1 1 47 kilo ohm
6. Resistor Type 2 1 10 kilo ohm
7. Battery 1 9V
8. LED 1 5 mm
9. Coil 100 turns Copper wire (26-30

AWG)
10. Buzzer 1 5V
11 Switch 1 -
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
Coil (Inductor): We have taken a 30 AWG Copper wire for this project. It is then wound in to a
coil using a 5.8cm diameter reference. The coil consists of 100 turns.
LC Circuit: LC circuit has inductor and capacitor connected in parallel.This circuit starts
resonating when there is same frequency material near to it. The LC circuit charges capacitor and
inductor alternatively.When the capacitor is charged fully ,charge is applied to inductor.
Inductor starts charging and when charge across the capacitor is nil, it draws charge from the
inductor in reverse polarity. Then inductor charge is reduced and again the process repeats.Note
inductor is a magnetic field storage device and capacitor is electric field storage device.
Timer IC555: d
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
METAL DETECTOR CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
• When the LC circuit that is L1 and C1 has got any resonating frequency from any metal
which is near to it, electric field will be created which will lead to induces current in the
coil and changes in the signal flow through the coil.
• Variable resistor is used to change the proximity sensor value equal to the LC circuit, it is
better to check the value when there is coil not near to the metal. When the metal is detected
the LC circuit will have changed signal. The changed signal is given to the proximity
detector (TDA 0161), which will detect the change in the signal and react accordingly. The
output of the proximity sensor will be of 1mA when there is no metal detected and it will
be around 10mA when coil is near to the metal
• When the output pin is high the resistor R3 will provide positive voltage to transistor Q1.
Q1 will be turned on and led will glow and buzzer will give the buzz. Resistor r2 is used to
limit the current flow.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF METAL DETECTOR
There are three main parts in the metal detector circuit: the LC Circuit, the Proximity Sensor ,
output LED and the Buzzer. The coil and the capacitor C1, which are connected in parallel, will
form the LC circuit.
Proximity sensor(TDA0161), is triggered by this LC circuit if any metal is detected.The Proximity
sensor will then turn on the led and produces alarm using buzzer.
WORKING
The LC Circuit, which consists of L1 (coil) and C1, is the main metal detector part of the circuit.
With the help of this LC Circuit, which is also called as Tank Circuit or Tuned Circuit, the
TDA0161 IC acts as an oscillator and oscillates at a particular frequency.
When the LC circuit detects any resonating frequency from any metal which is near to it, electric
field will be created which will lead to induces current in the coil and changes in the signal flow
through the coil.
Variable resistor is used to change the proximity sensor value equal to the LC circuit, it is better to
check the value when the coil is not near any metal object. When the metal is detected, the LC
circuit will have changed signal.
The changed signal is given to the proximity detector (TDA 0161), which will detect the change in
the signal and react accordingly. The output of the proximity sensor will less than 1mA when there
is no metal detected and it will be around 10mA (usually greater than 8mA) when coil is near to
the metal.
When the output pin is high, the resistor R3 will provide positive voltage to transistor Q1. Q1 will
be turned on and LED will glow (not shown in the circuit) and buzzer will be activated.
ADVANTAGES
• The Proximity Detector IC TDA0161 based Metal Detector Circuit is a very simple and
easy to construct metal detector that can be used to detect small metals in our homes, offices
and gardens.
• There is need for any micro controller as the Proximity Sensor will be sufficient to
implement the project.
DISADVANTAGES
• The main disadvantage of this Metal Detector Circuit is the range of detection. The metal
object has to be at a distance of 10mm for the detector to detect it.
APPLICATIONS
• This simple Metal Detector can be used to identify metals like iron, gold, silver etc.
• Since it is a simple project, we can use this in our home to scan for nails, metal scraps etc.
which are not easily spot able by naked eye.

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MINOR PROJECT REPORT

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (UEE001)

Sarthak Babbar 101903620 Lekha Revankar 101915191

Under the Guidance of

2019 (July – December)

Sr.No. Name Of Component Quantity Specification

2. Capacitor Type 1 2 2.2 µF

4. Capacitor Type 3 1 0.1 µF(103 pF)

5. Resistor Type 1 1 47 kilo ohm

6. Resistor Type 2 1 10 kilo ohm

9. Coil 100 turns Copper wire (26-30

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF METAL DETECTOR

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