A FREE INTRODUCTORY GUIDE TO . . .

WHAT IS ADVANCED SQUAD LEADER? If you have already played SL and want to learn ASL it is
Advanced Squad Leader (ASL) is a wargame system which important not to make any assumptions. If you find yourself flipping
can simulate any company or battalion-level ground action (or through the ASLRB trying to find a rule you’re “sure” you read
scenario) from any theater of WWII. somewhere, chances are you may be thinking of a SL rule instead.
Playing pieces (counters) represent squads, half-squads and
crews, plus individual leaders, heroes, vehicles and guns for every
major and minor nation from WWII. Many geomorphic mapboards WHAT DO I NEED TO PLAY ASL?
and terrain overlays are available to represent the battlefield over The bare minimum required is the ASL Rulebook (ASLRB),
which these pieces are manoeuvred. Over 1,200 scenarios are boards 1 to 4, and either Beyond Valor or Paratrooper. You’ll also
currently available covering a wide range of actions from WWII and need at least two (preferably four) six-sided dice of different colours
the surrounding years. The game also allows players to design their (dice are provided in Beyond Valor), some cotton thread or string
own scenarios using the many copious historical notes provided. (for tracing Line of Sight), and somewhere to set it all up! If you
It is quite possible to play nothing but ASL for the rest of cannot find anyone to play against Solitaire ASL contains a set of
your life, and you still might not get to explore every facet of the rules for solo play.
game. This booklet contains a cut down set of rules to play a basic
infantry attack. Should you venture onto the ASLRB you will find a
variety of infantry support weapons, such as machine guns, flame
IS ASL LIKE SQUAD LEADER? throwers and demolition charges are introduced, as is the important
Before ASL, there was Squad Leader (SL). SL was so popular concept of elevation, allowing units on hills and tall buildings to
that it was followed by Cross of Iron (COI), then Crescendo of have see over obstacles. Over thirty other terrain types are
Doom (COD) and finally GI:Anvil of Victory (GI). Each of these introduced, including walls and hedges, brush, orchard, streams and
required that you owned all the previous ones, and provided additional water obstacles, and many new building types. Ordnance, in the
rules, revisions of old rules, and new boards and counters. The form of artillery, anti-tank guns, mortars and others are introduced,
result was something of an administrative nightmare: important rules while the vehicle rules allow a player to command anything from
were scattered through several rules books, early parts of the system lowly unarmed trucks and jeeps to the mighty King Tiger. The West
didn’t sit well with later ones, and it became obvious that things of Alamein module introduces rules for desert warfare, while Code
couldn’t go on this way. So, ASL was born. A complete revision of Bushido deals with the Pacific, and Gung Ho! allows players to
from the ground up, with all new rules and components that were recreate amphibious assaults.
based on the SL system but clearly separate to them. For further information contact Multi-Man Publishing LLC,
SL (without the add-ons) remains an excellent game, though it 403 Headquarters Drive, Suite 7, Millersville, MD 21108.
is much simpler and more abstract than the ASL system. However, Telephone 410-729-3334 or email
there are so many differences in detail between the SL rules and the sales@multimanpublishing.com.
ASL rules that learning SL can actually hinder your ASL development.
THE GAME COMPONENTS units. A broken unit may attempt to rally as long as an unbroken
The map represents the battlefield. Superimposed over the leader is present in the same hex; broken leaders may attempt Self-
map is a hex grid used to measure movement/range to an abstracted Rally if no unbroken leaders are in the same hex. To rally, a broken
scale of 40 meters per hex. This is used to regulate movement and unit must make a DR ≤ the morale number on its broken side. There
combat, much like the squares on a chess-board. Each hex contains is a +4 DRM if the unit is suffering from Desperation Morale (see
a specific type of terrain which affects movement and attacks in or below), a -1 DRM if the unit is in woods or a building, and a DRM
through that hex. Typical terrain types include Open Ground, Roads, equal to the leadership modifier of the leader attempting to rally the
Woods and buildings. A dot marks the center of the hex, which is broken unit. A leader attempting to Self Rally may not apply his
used for determining if units can see each other. Each hex contains its leadership modifier, and also suffers a +1 Self Rally DRM.
own identifying grid co-ordinate. If more than one unbroken friendly leader is present in a hex,
The counters represent the units and markers used in the the player may choose which one make the Rally attempts.
game. There are many types of units in ASL but only three are dealt If the only leader stacked with a broken unit(s) is himself
with here. The silhouette shows the type of unit while the numbers broken but makes his Self Rally DR he may then attempt to rally
show its capabilities. Squads have three men silhouetted on the the other broken units in that RPh.
counter, Half Squads (HS) have two men silhouetted on the counter) There is no penalty for failing a Rally attempt, unless the unit
(squads and HS are collectively known as Multi-Man Counters, or rolls an Original 12 DR, in which case it is eliminated [Exception: a
MMC), and leaders (one type of Single Man Counter, or SMC) squad is replaced by a broken HS].
have a single man silhouetted on the counter. The reverse of each No unit may attempt to rally more than once per Player
unit is its broken side. Examples of all three are shown below. Turn. However, one leader may attempt to rally all the broken units
ASL uses dice to determine whether many actions succeed or in his hex.
fail. The term “dr” refers to the roll of a six-sided die while the term A unit which breaks during a player turn (even voluntarily),
“DR” refers to the roll of a pair of dice, one white and the other is temporarily affected by Desperation Morale (DM), and has a
coloured, which are then added together. The term “drm” refers to DM counter placed on it. In addition, a broken unit not currently
die roll modifier, while the term “DRM” refers to Dice Roll Modifier. marked with a DM counter suffers the same penalty if it is attacked
drm/DRM are added to a dr/DR. Unless the rules specifically state by enough FP to possibly inflict at least a NMC result on it (see
otherwise, all applicable DRM/drm are cumulative. An Original below), or it becomes adjacent to an enemy unit (even if the two do
DR/dr is one before the addition of modifiers; the Final DR/dr is a not end the phase adjacent to each other). DM has no effect on a
DR/dr after the addition of all modifiers. unit other than adding a +4 DRM to any Rally attempts. All DM
counters are removed at the end of the RPh, although a unit may opt
to retain its DM status provided it is not in a woods/building so as
to guarantee its ability to rout again in the next RtPh.
SEQUENCE OF PLAY
The game is played in a series of Game Turns (which represent
about two minutes of actual time) each consisting of two Player
PREP FIRE PHASE (PFPh)
Fire attacks are the main process by which a unit attacks
enemy units. The ATTACKER conducts fire attacks in the PFPh
and AFPh and the DEFENDER in the MPh and the DFPh by the
DEFENDER. No unit can fire more than once per Player Turn, but
otherwise a player may fire all, some, or none of his units in any
applicable fire phase.
A unit can only fire at a unit in a different hex if it has a Line
Turns of eight Phases each. of Sight (LOS) to it. This is determined by stretching a sewing
Rally Phase (abbreviated to RPh) thread taut between the center of the firing hex and the center of the
Prep Fire Phase (PFPh) target hex. If the thread does not cross a woods or building terrain
Movement Phase (MPh) depiction between the target and firing hexes (with the obstruction
Defensive Fire Phase (DFPh) visible on both sides of the thread) there is a clear LOS between the
Advancing Fire Phase (AFPh) two hexes. If players still cannot agree whether a LOS is blocked or
Rout Phase (RtPh) not, the matter is resolved by a dr: 1-3 LOS is not blocked; 4-6 it is
Advance Phase (APh) blocked. The terrain in a firer’s hex never blocks LOS traced from its
Close Combat Phase (CCPh) hex center dot, nor does the presence of units in a hex. Attacks can
The CCPh ends a Player Turn. The other player repeats be traced through units in intervening hexes without affecting them
these phases for his Player Turn, at which point one complete unless specified otherwise.
Example: A unit has a LOS from L6 to F6, but not to F7.
Game Turn is finished.
Neither player may make LOS checks until after an attack has
The terms ATTACKER and DEFENDER, when printed in
been declared. Should the LOS check for an attack reveal a blocked
all CAPITAL letters, each refer to one of the players. The
LOS, the units which were to have made the attack are still considered
ATTACKER is the player whose Player Turn is currently being
to have fired for all purposes (they thought they saw something);
played and is therefore capable of movement. The other player is
that fire would not generate DM status nor affect units in the obstacle
the DEFENDER.
that blocked the LOS.

Fire attacks are resolved by cross-referencing the combined

RALLY PHASE (RPh) FP of the attacking units with a DR on the Infantry Firepower Table
During the RPh both players attempt to rally their broken
(IFT). The attacker uses the rightmost column of the IFT whose rolled that number are affected equally.
listed FP does not exceed the total adjusted FP of the attack (thus an Example: Units A, B, C and D are stacked in that order
attack by 14 FP is resolved on the 12 column); any excess FP from top to bottom in a hex which has just been attacked yielding
factors have no effect. The DR is modified by adding any applicable a 1KIA. The dr result in a 3, a 1, a 2, and a 3. As a result units A
and D are affected by the KIA while the others are unaffected. If
DRM due to leadership, and the Terrain Effects Modifier (TEM) of
the rolls had been 3, 1, 2 and 6 only unit D would suffer the KIA.
the terrain occupied by the target. Stone buildings have a TEM of
+3, wooden buildings have a TEM of +2, and woods have a TEM of
The FP of an attacking unit is doubled for Point Blank Fire
+1. A building TEM is determined by the building occupied by the
(PBF) when adjacent to its target (the ASLRB introduces some
target and is not altered for fire from within the same building. The
restrictions on the application of PBF). A unit may attack beyond
results are applied as follows:
its Normal Range at a distance up to and including double that range,
but it does so at half FP. Fractions of halved FP factors are not
#KIA At least as many targets as the number indicated (#)
dropped or rounded off; they are retained and subject to further
are eliminated (as determined by Random Selection;
modification, or added to the fractional FP factors of other units
see below); all remaining target units are
involved in the same attack. FP modifiers are cumulative; an attacker’s
automatically broken. The number of units
FP can be both doubled and halved (with the net result that it retains
eliminated can exceed the number specified if
its normal FP), and/or it can be halved and then halved again several
Random Selection results in a tie for the last unit to
times. A unit may not split its FP between different targets (the
be eliminated, but in no case are more units affected
ASLRB introduces some units which can do so however).
than are affected by the attack.
K/# One target unit suffers Casualty Reduction and all
A target may be attacked any number of times during a fire
other target units (including any just-Reduced HS)
phase by different units (depending on the type and phase of the
must take a MC adding the number indicated (#) to
attack), but when a result is called for by the IFT it is resolved prior
the MC DR. Random Selection is used to determine
to making any other attack on that target.
which of multiple targets suffer Casualty Reduction.
A player need not pre-designate attacks; i.e., he may witness
Casualty Reduction eliminates any HS or SMC (in
the outcome of each attack before committing other units to fire.
the ASLRB, this can sometimes just wound a SMC).
A squad is Reduced to a HS with the same broken/
Two or more units may join together to make a combined fire
non-broken status of the squad it was Reduced from.
attack and are termed a Fire Group (FG). A FG may consist of units
NMC Each target unit must attempt to pass a Morale
from more than one hex only if each participating unit occupies a
Check by making a DR ≤ its the Morale Level, best
hex adjacent to another participating unit of the same FG. It is
leaders checking first. Units which pass their
possible to have a FG composed of a virtually unlimited string of
mandated MC are unharmed (Exception: a unit
adjacent hexes, provided each hex in the FG contains a unit that is
which rolls an Original 12 during a MC suffers
participating in the attack. A leader alone in a hex cannot be a link in
Casualty Reduction) but those which fail are Broken
a FG. All members of a FG must be able to trace a LOS to the target.
and are inverted and have a DM marker placed on
A multi-hex FG which discovers that one or more of it units’ LOS is
them; henceforth they use the Morale Level printed
blocked forfeits the participation of those units whose LOS was
on their Broken side for all MC and Rally attempts
blocked. The FG’s other units with a valid LOS must still attack the
they make until rallied and returned to their normal
target but as a smaller FG or as separate attacks at the firer’s option.
side. Broken units may only rout and attempt to
If units in the same hex are going to fire at the same target (i.e., at
Rally. An already broken unit that fails a MC suffers
both the same hex and the same unit) during the same phase they
Casualty Reduction as above (if a broken unit rolls
must form a FG; they may not attack separately.
an Original 12 during a MC, it is eliminated).
A leader may not apply his leadership DRM to his
A leader may use his leadership DRM to modify the IFT DR
own MC, although he may apply the leadership
of any one attacking unit or FG per Player Turn, provided all firing
DRM of an unbroken leader of higher morale which
units of the FG are in the same hex. A leadership DRM may be
is in the same hex or moving stack.
employed with a multi-hex FG only if a leader directing that attack
Example: A 9-1 leader which was fired on during
the PFPh, yielding a “NMC” result on the IFT,
is present in every hex; the leadership DRM in effect is that of the
must roll ≤ 9 to pass his NMC. However, if an lowest quality participating leader. A SMC directing fire is treated
unbroken friendly 10-2 leader is also in the same as if he were firing. A single leader cannot direct more than one unit
hex, the 9-1 can pass his MC with a DR ≤11. A 9-2 per phase unless they are part of the same FG.
leader in the hex instead of the 10-2 leader has no Example: A FG of two 4-6-7 squads and a 9-2 leader Prep
effect because his Morale Level is the same as the Fires at three squads and a leader seven hexes away in Open
9-1. The 10-2 must pass his NMC first and with no Ground The FP of the two squads is halved due to Long Range
assistance from the 9-1. Had the 9-1 leader been Fire, leaving the FG with a total of 4 FP factors. The Original IFT
moving and fired on by First Fire, the presence of DR is an 8 which is modified by -2 for the leader, resulting in a
a superior but non-moving leader in the same hex Final DR of 6. A 6 DR on the 4 FP column of the IFT results in a
would not have aided the moving unit in its NMC. NMC to each of the four defending units, leader checking first.
# (1, 2, 3, or 4) Same as NMC but the # is added to the MC DR.
- No Effect. After resolving each attack during the PFPh the firing unit is
marked with a “Prep Fire” marker.
Whenever Random Selection is called for a dr is made for each
affected unit, and the unit with the highest dr is the one affected by
that event. If there is a tie for the highest dr, all of the units which
MOVEMENT PHASE Once another unit begins movement or the MPh is declared over,
During the MPh, the ATTACKER may move all, some, or previously moved units are no longer subject to Defensive First Fire
none of his units provided they did not fire during the PFPh and are attack.
neither broken nor held in Melee. Units can be moved in any direction Defensive First Fire is resolved in the same manner as PFPh
or combination of directions up to the limit of their Movement attacks, except that the firing unit is marked with a “First Fire”
Factor (MF). Units may move over and stack on top of other friendly counter after the attack has been resolved. Defensive First Fire
units but may not move into a hex containing enemy units during the attacks also benefit from a -1 First Fire Non-Assault Movement
MPh. A unit may not voluntarily leave the map; any unit forced to (FFNAM) DRM against infantry which is moving without using
do so is eliminated. Assault Movement, and a -1 First Fire Movement Open Ground
A MMC has four MF while a leader has 6 MF. A MF bonus (FFMO) DRM if the target is moving in Open Ground.
Example: A unit moving two hexes into a woods hex and
of one can be earned if the unit moves along a road throughout the
subject to Defensive First Fire is subject to a total DRM of 0 ( +1
MPh. Any MMC which begins and ends its MPh stacked with a for woods and -1 for FFNAM). A unit using Assault Movement to
leader in the same hex receives two MF bonus during the MPh, move one hex into Open Ground has a total DRM of -1 for (-1
provided it moves with that leader in a combined stack. MF cannot FFMO).
be transferred between units or accumulated from turn to turn.
Units enter an Open Ground or Road hex at a cost of one MF, A DEFENDING Infantry unit already marked with a First
and a woods or building hex at a cost of two MF. Fire counter may Defensive First Fire again during that MPh provided
A unit that moves only one hex during its MPh may use the target is not at a range > that to the closest armed enemy unit,
Assault Movement, which reduces its vulnerability to enemy nor outside the firer’s Normal Range. A unit using Subsequent First
Defensive First Fire (see below). Assault Movement, if it is to be Fire has its FP halved. After the attack has been resolved flip the
used, must be declared prior to movement of that unit. “First fire” counter over to its “Final Fire” side.
Whenever a player moves a unit during his MPh he states
aloud the MF expended by that unit in entering each hex or in Final Protective Fire (FPF) is an option available to a
performing any other activity within its current hex. If the unit is DEFENDING unit already marked with a Final Fire counter which
going to end its MPh there it must state so before moving another wishes to fire at a unit moving adjacent to it during the MPh. FPF is
unit. The player is not allowed to take the unit back to a previously treated as Subsequent First Fire (with the FP also doubled due to
occupied hex and begin again (if a unit’s move is illegal, either player the effects of PBF) with an addition penalty; immediately after
may cite the illegal move and demand the move be retraced from the normally resolving the attack, the Original IFT DR (modified only
last legally entered hex unless another unit has moved, fired, or by any applicable leadership DRM) is used as a NMC against the
performed any other action in the interim). Once a unit moves, units using FPF (including any directing leader). Provided it does
stops, and another unit moves, the original unit may not move again not break, there is no limit to the number of FPF attacks a unit may
during that MPh. make, other than the number of moving units and the MF they
Units are moved one at a time unless a MMC is using bonus expend moving adjacent to the firer’s hex (thus affording the
MF gained by moving with a leader. Other units may choose to DEFENDER the opportunity to attack them).
move together as a stack at their own risk and may break up the A unit using FPF may form a FG with units not using FPF,
stack during the MPh to continue to move separately but all members but only those units using FPF are affected by its adverse affects.
of that moving stack must end their MPh before another unit not in
that stack may move. A unit that survives a Defensive First Fire attack unharmed
Each side may have up to three squads (with each HS counting can be fired on again in that same Location during its MPh before
as half a squad) and four leaders in a hex at the end of each phase. expending additional MF, but only by different attackers or if it
Excess units are eliminated by the other player (the ASLRB allows a expended at least two MF in that hex (i.e., if the moving unit expends
player to overstack a hex at some penalty). only one MF and draws Defensive First Fire, that Defensive First
Firer cannot immediately Subsequent First Fire at it until it expends
another MF). The same unit/weapon can never Defensive First
DEFENSIVE FIRE PHASE (DFPh) Fire/Subsequent First Fire/FPF on a moving unit in the same location
Defensive Fire is unique in that it can occur during the enemy more times than the number of MF expended in that location during
MPh as well as during its own DFPh. The portion occurring during that MPh.
the enemy MPh is called Defensive First Fire and can be used only A unit broken by Defensive First Fire can be fired on again in
vs. a moving unit(s). Defensive First Fire attacks affect only the its current location by other Defensive First Fire attacks, but is
moving unit/stack regardless of other units that occupy the same or attacked in its broken state. A moving unit subject to FFNAM/
intervening hexes at the instant of attack. FFMO which breaks is still subject to those DRM in that Location
for subsequent attacks until its MPh ends. A unit using Assault
During the ATTACKER’s MPh, the DEFENDER has the Movement which breaks is no longer considered using Assault
option to temporarily halt the movement of a unit/stack expending Movement and is subject to the -1 FFNAM DRM for the remainder
MF in the LOS of one of his units, while he fires at it in that hex with of its MPh.
as many attacks as he can bring to bear. Defensive First Fire must be
resolved before the moving unit/stack leaves the intended target hex. When a unit is attacked by Defensive First Fire/Subsequent
The DEFENDER may not request that a moving unit be returned to First Fire/FPF, the location in which the attack is resolved is marked
a previous position to undergo attack. However, the ATTACKER with a Residual FP counter equal to half (up to a maximum of 12;
must give the DEFENDER ample opportunity (as previously defined round fractions down) of the IFT FP column used for that attack.
between the players) to declare his fire before moving on, and must No more than one Residual FP counter can be placed in a location,
declare the end of that unit’s movement before moving another unit. but a larger Residual FP counter subsequently earned from a larger
qualifying IFT attack can replace a smaller Residual FP counter. Range of a Known enemy unit without Interdiction (see below)
Any unit entering (or expending MF in) a location containing only if it has used Low Crawl (see below) to increase the distance
a Residual FP counter is attacked on the IFT with the FP represented between itself and the nearest Known enemy unit during that RtPh,
by that counter, a new IFT DR, TEM of the target location, and any but it still may not be adjacent to an unbroken and armed Known
applicable FFMO/FFNAM DRM. A unit expending MF to leave a enemy unit at the end of the RtPh or it will be eliminated for Failure
location is not subject to Residual FP attack in the location it is to Rout.
leaving. Units within both the LOS and Normal Range of an armed
Residual FP can never form a FG; i.e. it must always attack and unbroken Known - and/or adjacent to any unbroken - enemy
alone. Existing Residual FP is always the first Defensive First Fire ground unit may voluntarily break (even if pinned) so as to be able
attack allowed against a moving unit in its current location during its to rout (but only if breaking will not cause their immediate Reduction
MPh and is resolved before the DEFENDER has to declare an or elimination).
attack. A broken unit in the same hex as an enemy unit is eliminated
A unit can be attacked by Residual FP only once per location for Failure to Rout (in the ASLRB broken units in the same hex as
[Exception: if, since that first Residual FP attack, the Residual FP enemy units are not automatically eliminated for Failure to Rout).
has increased in strength or the unit is subject to more-negative- A routing unit must move to the nearest (in MF) building or
DRM/less-positive-DRM, it will be attacked again by that Residual woods hex. In doing so, a routing unit may not out toward an enemy
FP upon further MF expenditure]. However MF expended unit (even if it is broken), while in that enemy unit’s LOS, in any
“simultaneously” (e.g., two MF to enter a building) do not cause way which decreases the range in hexes between the routing unit and
multiple Residual FP attacks. the enemy unit; nor may it move toward such an enemy unit after
Remove all Residual FP counters at the end of the MPh. leaving its LOS during that RtPh; nor, if adjacent to an enemy unit,
may it rout into another hex adjacent to that same enemy unit. A
That portion of Defensive Fire which occurs during the DFPh routing unit may never move adjacent to an enemy unit, unless in
is called Final Fire. During Final Fire any of the DEFENDER’s units doing so it is leaving that enemy unit’s Location. Otherwise, a routing
that are not marked with a First or Final counter may fire. Any of unit may move toward an enemy unit.
the DEFENDER’s units that are marked with a First Fire counter Upon reaching a building/woods hex not adjacent to an enemy
may also fire again (by flipping their First Fire marker over to the unit, a routing unit must stop and end its RtPh in that building/
Final Fire side) but only at units in an adjacent hex; the firing unit woods hex unless the unit can directly enter another building/woods
has its FP (and doubled due to the effects of PBF). A unit already hex in its next entered hex (not necessarily the same building or
marked with a Final Fire counter cannot fire during Final Fire. Final through a continuous woods hexside).
Fire affects all applicable units in a target location, not just those A broken unit in a building need not consider a hex of the same
that may have moved, but FFNAM and FFMO do not apply. building in which it begins the RtPh as its closest building hex if it
prefers to rout out of that building altogether and toward another
Leader direction used during Defensive First Fire can be used building/woods hex - even if it must cross Open Ground or another
again in Subsequent First Fire, FPF, or Final Fire, but only for one building hex of the same building to do so.
firing unit or FG – and that unit/FG cannot include different firers A routing unit may ignore a building/woods hex if that hex is
than the one(s) he directed during First Fire. If forming a new FG no farther from a Known enemy unit than its present hex.
during that Player Turn, the leader cannot direct its fire (even during If no building/woods hex can be reached during that RtPh, a
FPF). broken unit may rout to any hex consistent with the above
restrictions.
Remove all First and Final Fire counters at the end of the A broken unit may continue its rout voluntarily in a subsequent
DFPh. RtPh only if under DM.
A leader already stacked with a broken unit before it routs
may elect to rout with the broken unit even though he is not broken.
ADVANCING FIRE PHASE (AFPh) If he does so, the leader shares the broken unit’s vulnerability to
The ATTACKER’s units which did not fire in the PFPh may Interdiction and, although he does not have to take any Interdiction
fire at half FP. Remove all Prep Fire counters at the end of this NMC himself, he is eliminated if the broken unit he is stacked on
phase. top of fails an Interdiction MC. He must remain with the broken
unit throughout the RtPh, but is not considered broken and may add
his leadership DRM to its Interdiction NMC.
LOW CRAWL: Low Crawl is a rout of one hex which requires
ROUT PHASE (RtPh) the entire MF allotment of the routing unit. A routing unit using
During the RtPh a broken unit may not remain in the same Low Crawl cannot be Interdicted. All other Rout provisions apply
Open Ground hex in the Normal Range and LOS of a Known enemy unchanged to Low Crawl.
unit, nor – regardless of terrain – may it end a RtPh adjacent to or in INTERDICTION: A routing unit which enters an Open
the same location as a Known enemy unit that is both unbroken and Ground hex without Low Crawl, in both the LOS and Normal Range
armed. A leader is considered “armed” for purposes of determining of an unbroken, unpinnned enemy unit capable of fire on it in that
legal rout paths and enforcing Failure to Rout eliminations. A broken hex with at least one FP, is subject to a NMC and everything that
unit may also rout if currently under DM. normally entails. A routing unit which fails its Interdiction NMC
Broken units must rout away (ATTACKER first - one unit at suffers Casualty Reduction, although any remaining HS may continue
a time [Exception: Voluntary Rout; see below]) during that RtPh or its rout thereafter. Interdiction does not affect other units in the
be eliminated for Failure to Rout. All broken units have six MF for same Location other than to possibly cause DM. A broken unit
use in the RtPh; this amount can never be increased. A broken unit may not be Interdicted more than once per Open Ground hex entered,
may end its RtPh in an Open Ground hex in the LOS and Normal
regardless of the number of opposing units which can claim defense FP strength called odds. For example, if two 6-2-8 squads
Interdiction. Once a unit begins its rout, it is expending MF; it combine to attack a 4-6-7 squad the odds are 12-4, which is then
cannot begin anew. Whenever a unit routs, it is restricted by the rounded down to the nearest corresponding odds ratio printed on
mechanics of movement and must face the consequences of that the CCT. (Example: 7 to 4 would be 3-2; 11 to 2 would be 4-1, 4 to
move. 15 would be 1-4). Once the odds have been determined, a DR is
Units are capable of Interdiction even if they have already made for each attack. If the Final DR is < the Kill Number listed on
exhausted their fire capability during that Player Turn. One unit the CCT under the applicable odds column, the attacked units are
may Interdict any number of routing units and may Interdict the eliminated. A Final DR which equals the Kill Number listed on the
same routing unit in more than one hex. A unit in Melee (see CLOSE CCT is a Partial Kill: one (or more) defending unit suffers Casualty
COMBAT PHASE) cannot Interdict an enemy unit due to limitations Reduction as determined by Random Selection. A Final DR > the
on its fire, while a leader has no range and therefore cannot Interdict Kill Number has no effect.
a rout hex. Example: Assume that, in the same hex, both players have
Example: It is the RtPh and each of the broken units is three squads with a FP of four each, prior to Melee. Each player
under DM and therefore eligible to rout. The 1G2 unit may rout to can choose to divide his combat in any of the following ways:
F1, G1, or even H2 because, although it would be moving closer A.One big 1-1 attack (12-12) involving all six units, or
to the enemy, it had not been in the LOS of any of the units it was B.Three squads against one at 3-1 (12-4), or C.Three separate 1-1
moving closer to before routing to that hex. The J2 unit can opt to attacks (4-4) against each squad, or D.A 2-1 attack (8-4) against
remain stationary or rout to building K2. It could also ignore K2 one squad and a 1-2 (4-8) against the other two, or E.A 2-1 attack
(because it is no farther away from a Known enemy unit than its (8-4) against one squad and a 1-1 (4-4) against one of the other
present position) and rout to the J0 woods instead, but it would be two.
subject to Interdiction in J1 from the 4-6 7 in H5. The I5 unit Any SMC in CC has an inherent FP attack and defense
cannot rout because any move it made would be adjacent to a strength of one. A SMC may attack alone, but if it does, it must also
Known enemy unit; consequently, it is eliminated at the end of the defend alone and if occupying a Location with other friendly MMC
RtPh for Failure to Rout. The broken squad in I4 may not rout to it must announce its solo attack status (although not necessarily the
any hex other than I3 because doing so would be either moving
unit it will attack) before the opponent designates his attacks. Any
adjacent to or decreasing the range to a Known enemy unit. In
routing to I3, the squad announces that it is using Low Crawl. number of SMC may combine with a MMC or other SMC to make
However, it also has the option to attempt to rout through I3 to H2 a CC attack by adding their inherent FP together, but a SMC must
or J2, but at the risk of Interdiction in I3 (or, because those hexes attack with the MMC it is stacked on top of if it is to combine FP
are no farther away from the Known enemy in G4/K4 [10.51], it with any MMC. The player is free to rearrange his stack in a CC hex
may continue to rout from H2, or J2, or directly from I3 toward so as to change the MMC that a SMC is paired with, but he must do
H0/J0 subject to possible further Interdiction). Even if it failed the so prior to both sides’ declaration of CC attacks in that Location.
resulting NMC in I3, a broken HS would survive (barring a 12 A SMC defends in CC as part of the group it attacks with by
Casualty MC DR) to enter H2 or J2.
adding its inherent FP to the FP of the MMC stacked beneath it. A
CC attack cannot single out one or more SMC to attack unless there
are no enemy MMC in the hex, or the SMC attacks by itself.
ADVANCE PHASE (APh) Otherwise, the smallest increment which can be the subject of a
The ATTACKER may move any of his Infantry units which single CC attack is a single MMC (plus any SMC stacked directly
are not broken to an adjacent hex (even if the hex moved into is above it).
currently occupied by enemy units). The ASLRB adds some One leader may direct the CC attack of the MMC it defends
restrictions on which units can advance and how they may advance. with (and any other units which join that MMC in a combined CC
attack) by applying his leadership DRM to the CC DR, in addition
to adding his inherent FP to the strength of the attack. However, a
CLOSE COMBAT PHASE (CCPh) leader may not use his leadership DRM to modify the CC DR of his
Close Combat is a form of attack which can occur only during own attack if he attacks alone.
the CCPh between opposing units in the same hex. There are no Example: A German 4-6-7 squad and 8-1 leader are in
the same Location with two Russian 4-4-7 squads. The German
TEM modifications to a CC attack DR, nor does PBF apply. Unlike
player attacks both Russians squads at 1-2 (5- 8) and can
Fire attacks, CC is simultaneous, so both sides attack the other even eliminate them both with an Original DR < 5 due to the -1
if one or both is thereby eliminated. leadership modifier. If the Original DR is a 5, one of the Russian
The ATTACKER specifies the order in which multiple hexes squads is Reduced to a HS. The Russians attack at 3-2 (8-5) and
containing CC situations are to be resolved; each hex’s CC for that can eliminate both German units with a DR < 6. If the Russian
Player Turn must be completely resolved before resolving CC in player rolls a 6, the German player must make a Random
another hex. Each side in a hex must designate all of its attacks in Selection DR to determine which unit(s) suffers casualty Reduction.
that hex prior to the resolution of any of them (ATTACKER If Infantry of both sides remain in the same Location after all
designating his first). The DEFENDER then designates all of his initial CC attacks have been resolved at the end of a CCPh, they are
attacks, after which the ATTACKER resolves all of his previously considered to be locked in Melee and may not leave that Location,
declared attacks. The DEFENDER then resolves all of his attacks- attack except as part of CC, Interdict routing units, or conduct any
even if those units have been eliminated or Reduced. Units may activity other than CC.
attack any unit or combination of units in the same hex, so long as no New units may advance into a Melee hex but must engage in
unit attacks or is attacked more than once per CCPh. All units in the CC. The Melee units may be attacked by non-Melee units during a
hex do not have to be attacked, nor do all units have to make an fire phase (or even the ATTACKER’s MPh in some cases) but all
attack. friendly and enemy units in the Location must be attacked.
The FP of attacking units is compared to the FP of those
enemy units being attacked in order to achieve a ratio of attack-to-
MACHINE GUNS (MG) phase they must form a FG, they may not attack separately.
Each MG has a two-number hyphenated Strength Factor; the
number on the left is its FP and the number on the right is its Normal
Range as measured in hexes. A MG may not move by itself; it must LEADERSHIP
be carried by a unit at some cost to the its MF allotment. The MG Leadership ratings are usually expressed as a negative number,
portage costs are listed on each counter in the form “#PP”. Portage or 0, or occasionally even +1. A leadership rating is treated as a
cost is assessed per item carried, not distance travelled; even if a unit DRM which is used to influence another unit’s performance, but
carries a MG expends only one MF expenditure before dropping it, can never be used to enhance its own performance. Leadership
that unit may not recoup the portage cost used for that MG for use modifiers are not cumulative (i.e., the leadership modifiers of two or
in the remainder of its MPh. Otherwise, an unbroken Infantry unit more leaders cannot be combined).
can pick up and drop MGs at any point in its move provided it has A leader may attempt only one action per phase, and may use
sufficient MF to do so. No item can be portaged more than once per his leadership modifier (even if 0 or + 1) more than once in the same
phase. phase only to attempt to rally more than one unit in a RPh, to direct
A MMC has an inherent portage capacity (IPC) of three PP, Defensive Fire attacks, and/or to assist units in the same hex or
a SMC an IPC of one PP. An Infantry unit loses one MF for each PP moving stack with a Morale Check.
carried in excess of its IPC. A SMC may never portage more than
two PP although one SMC can add its IPC to that of any one Good
order Infantry unit to increase the IPC of the latter, provided the ERRORS
two units start the phase together and move together as a stack. All results stand once play has progressed past the point of
Otherwise Infantry units may not combine their IPC. A broken unit commission. In other words, if an error is discovered after play has
may not portage anything in excess of its IPC even if accompanied passed that point, the game cannot be backed up to correct the error,
by a leader. even if such error is in violation of a rule. For example, assume an
Example: A squad carrying four PP has only three MF left
attack is resolved without the application of a proper DRM, and a
to expend in the MPh, but if accompanied by a leader that same
squad has six MF remaining to use in the MPh (unless the leader subsequent attack is resolved, or another unit moves, or play proceeds
carries a PP of his own in which case they have five MF left to to another phase before a player remembers he was entitled to a
expend in their MPh). DRM in the previous attack, thus changing the result. His failure to
All MG counters belong to the first Personnel unit stacked apply that DRM at the time of commission has cost him his right to
beneath them. A unit can possess any number of MG. If a unit apply that DRM.
breaks and rallies in the same Location, possession of its own MG
is always retained. An unbroken unit may drop possession of a MG
at no MF cost during its APh, MPh, or at the start of a CCPh. If a SCENARIO SET UP AND VICTORY
unit drops possession of a MG at the start of an allowed phase
CONDITIONS
prior to expending-MF/advancing, that MG is assumed to have
First the German player sets up the following units:
been unpossessed (and hence not portaged by that unit) at the start
Anywhere within the building F5 – 3 4-6-7 squads, 1 9-1
of that phase. Units must also drop any MG in excess of their IPC
leader and 1 LMG.
before they can rout.
Example: A stack consists of a leader, a LMG, a HMG, and
Anywhere in building K5 – 3 4-6-7 squads, 1 8-0 leader and 2
two squads in order from top to bottom. Both MG belong to the LMGs.
first squad. In building I7 – 3 4-6-7 squads, 1 9-2 leader, 2 LMGs.
Stacks may be freely rearranged to change possession of MG Anywhere in building M7 – 3 4-6-7 squads, 1 8-1 leader, 1
but in all cases only between different unbroken units in the same MMG and 1 LMG.
location and only during a RPh, or at the start of their APh. When a In building M9 – 1 4-6-7 squad, 1 8-1 leader and 1 HMG.
unit drops possession, is eliminated, or routs and cannot carry away
its MG, its MG is left unattended in the same location and must be Then the Russian player sets up the following units:
Recovered to be possessed. Infantry may claim possession of an Anywhere in building N4 – 4 4-4-7 squads, 1 8-0 leader.
unpossessed MG at the start of any RPh as their sole action during In building J2 – 1 4-4-7 squad, 1 9-1 leader and 1 MMG.
that RPh, provided they make a Recovery Final dr ≤ 6. A Recovery In building M2 – 3 4-4-7 squads.
attempt is allowed only by an unbroken unit that is not in the same In building N2 – 1 4-4-7 squad.
location as an armed, Known enemy unit. A MG cannot be Anywhere in building F3 – 12 6-2-8 squads, 1 10-2 leader.
Transferred in the same phase it is Recovered.
A squad may fire any one MG at no cost to its own Inherent No enemy stack may be inspected prior to the start of play.
FP, or any two MG at the cost of forfeiting its own Inherent FP for
the current and any remaining fire phases in that Player Turn There are five game turns, with the Russian player moving
[Exception: 7.353]. Any other MMC may fire only one MG first in each game turn.
(regardless of type) with full FP, but in so doing forfeits its Inherent
FP for any remaining fire phases in that Player Turn. A single leader To win, the Russian player must completely occupy two or
may fire any one MG as Area Fire, while two SMC stacked together more of the stone buildings initially occupied by the German player
may fire any one MG counter at full FP. If a leader fires/uses a MG than he loses of his own initially-held stone buildings to German
he loses any leadership DRM he may have otherwise exerted during occupation . . . OR have a favourable 3:1 ratio (Russian to German)
that fire phase. of unbroken squads (or their equivalent) at the conclusion of play.
If a squad is going to fire its inherent FP and a MG at the same The German player wins by avoiding the Russian victory conditions.
target (i.e., at both the same hex and the same unit) during the same