Biodiversity and The Healthy Society

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
PINAMUNGAJAN-EXTENSION CAMPUS
PANDACAN, PINAMUNGAJAN CEBU
IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Submitted to: MA’AM MARIFE DE DIOS

Submitted from: GROUP 2
ROSEMARIE RODRIGUEZ RUSSELL MILLEVO
JOAN NERI CRISTITA MATMAT
KESHA BATON ANA MARIE RABANES
ALPHA JAY MANIJAS
QUESTIONER:
1. It is generally therefore means Variety of Life. BIODIVERSITY
2. Who first coined the term Biodiversity? WALTER G. ROSEN
3. It is a process where particular beneficial trait is reproduced in
succeeding generations more than other traits. NATURAL SELECTION
4. A change in population, genetic makeup over time. EVOLUTION
5-6. Give two causes of species extinction.
 Taking animals for profit
 Hunting and trapping
 Overharvesting
 Destruction of habitat
 Pollution
7. Any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic
engineering techniques. GMO (GENETIC MODIFIED ORGANISM)
8. What year first plant produced? 1983
9. Give one disadvantages of GMO.
 Food Allergy
 Increased Toxicity
 Decreased Nutritional Value
10. An approach to increased productivity and sustainability.
AGROECOLOGY
BIODIVERSITY AND THE HEALTHY SOCIETY
LIFE & BIODIVERSITY

 The term Biodiversity was 1st coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986.
 The word Biodiversity originates from the Greek word BIOS=LIFE and
the Latin word DIVERSITAS=VARIETY OF LIFE.
 Generally therefore means: VARIETY OF LIFE.
BIODIVERSITY is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure of the variety

of organisms present in different ecosystem.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
 Species Biodiversity
 Genetic Biodiversity
 Ecosystem Biodiversity
EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY
EVOLUTION – change in population genetic makeup over time.

THEORY OF EVOLUTION – all species descended from earlier ancestral
species.
MICROEVOLUTION – small genetic changes in a population
MACROEVOLUTION – long-term, large scale evolutionary changes
(speciation, extinction)
NATURAL SELECTION – process where particular beneficial trait is
reproduced in succeeding generations more than other traits.
ECOSCIENCE AND BIODIVERSITY
 This column focuses on habitat and biodiversity conversation to save
species from extinction.
EXTINCTION – is the disappearance of a species when the last of its
members die.
CAUSES OF SPECIES EXTINCTION:
 Taking animals for profit
 Hunting and trapping
 Overharvesting
 Destruction of habitat
 Pollution
DEFORESTATION – one of the country’s environmental problem is the rapid
rate at which trees are cut down.
MAJOR CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

 Kaingin Farming
 Illegal Logging
 Conversion of agriculture lands to housing
 Projects
 Forest fires
 Typhoons
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS: Science, Health, and Politics
GENETIC ENGINEERING – it is a technique used to alter or move genetic

material (genes) of living cells.
GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) – is any organism whose genetic
material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
 The term GMO is very close to the technical legal term, living modified
organism defined in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety which
regulates international trade in living GMO’s
 First genetically modified mouse was in 1973
 First plant was produced in 1983
HISTORY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS

 Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified
organism (GMO) in 1973
 Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of
genes.
 In 1973, Rudolf Jaenisch created a transgenic mouse by introducing
foreign DNA into its embryo, making it the world’s first transgenic
animal.
PROCESS OF GMO
1. Identify a trait of interest
2. Isolate the genetic trait of interest
3. Inset the desired trait into the new genome
4. Growing the GMO.
NATIONS WITH GMO PROHIBITIONS:
ADVANTAGES OF GMO
 GMO Plants – used to get rid of virus, fungal diseases, Pathogen
derived resistant.
 GMO ANIMALS/MAMMALS – research human diseases, produce
industrial or consumer products
 Produce products intended for human therapeutic use
 Enrich or enhance the animals interactions with humans
 Enhance production or food quality traits
 Improve animal health
DISADVANTAGES OF GMO
 Food Allergy
 Increased Toxicity
 Decreased Nutritional Value
AGROECOLOGY
 An approach to increased productivity and sustainability.
 As a discipline emerged in the 1960’s, focusing on the study of crops
and the env’t interaction.
 It ensures agricultural productivity and conserve natural resources.
 It is closely related to the concept sustainable agric and is a climate
smart agriculture practice.
AGROECOLOGY DEFINITION:
 Altieri, 1987 – a discipline that defines, classifies and studies
agricultural system from an ecological and socio-economic
perspective.
 Altieri, 1995 – the application of ecological concepts and principles to
the design and management of sustainable agro-ecosystem.
 Francis et al., 2003 – the integrative study of the ecology of the entire
food system, encompassing ecological, economic and social
dimensions.
 Dalgaard, Hutchings and Porte, 2003 – an integrative discipline that
includes elements from agronomy, ecology, sociology and economics.
The study of the interactions between plants, animals, humans, and
the environment within agricultural system.
 Wojtkowski, 2004 – the interactions among natural processes in
artificial systems designed to meet human goals.
 Gliessman, 2007 – the science of applying ecological concepts and
principles to the design and management of sustainable food systems.
CONCLUSION:
 Agroecology provides guidelines to develop diversified
agroecosystems that take advantages of the effects of the integration
of plant and animal biodiversity.
 Such integration enhances complex interactions and synergisms and
optimizes ecosystem function and processes.
 E.g. biotic regulation of harmful organisms, nutrient recycling, and
biomass production and accumulation, thus allowing agroecosystem
to sponsor their own functioning
 The end result of agroecological design is improved economic and
ecological sustainability of the agroecosystem hence increased
productivity.

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CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to: MA’AM MARIFE DE DIOS

LIFE & BIODIVERSITY

BIODIVERSITY is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure of the variety

EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY

EVOLUTION – change in population genetic makeup over time.

MAJOR CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS: Science, Health, and Politics

GENETIC ENGINEERING – it is a technique used to alter or move genetic

HISTORY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS

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