Fuji Electric PXZ Series PID Autotune Controllers
Fuji Electric PXZ Series PID Autotune Controllers
Fuji Electric PXZ Series PID Autotune Controllers
Operation
Manual
PID Autotune
Controllers
Featuring Fuzzy Logic
)• -.1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2
Features 3
Safety Precautions 4
Model Configuration 6
Specifications 8
Outer Dimensions and Panel Cutout Size 15
Installation 17
Wiring Instructions 18
Front Panel Description 24
Front Panel Operation 26
Autotuning 28
Programming
1. Primary Menu 29
2. Secondary Menu 42
Error Messages 54
Appendix A: Autotuning 55
Appendix B: Manual Tuning 58
Appendix C: Heater Break Option ' 67
Appendix D: Heat/Cool Option 70
Quick Reference 74
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for purchasing the Fuji Electric PXZ controller. All of these
controllers are PID Autotune controllers that employ Fuji Electric's
patented fuzzy logic algorithms.
/ ^ Warning
Wiring
1. If there is danger of serious accident resulting from a failure or
defect in this unit provide the unit with an appropriate external pro-
tective circuit to prevent an accident
2. The unit is normally supplied without a power switch or a fuse. Use
power switch and fuse as required (Rating ofthe fuse: 250V, IA)
Power supply
1. Be sure to use the rated power supply voltage to protect the unit
against damage and to prevent failure.
2. Keep the power off until all of the wiring is completed so that electric
shock and trouble with the unit can be prevented.
General
1. Never attempt to disassemble, modify, or repair this unit Tampering
with the unit may result in malfunction, electric shock, or fire.
2. Do not use the unit in combustible or explosive gaseous atmos-
pheres.
4
A Caution
Installation
1. Avoid installing the unit in places where:
• the ambient temperature may reach beyond the range of -10 to 50°C
(14 to 122''F) while in operation
• the ambient humidity may reach higher than 90% RH while in opera-
tion
• a change in the ambient temperature is so rapid as to cause con-
densation
• corrosive gases (sulfide and ammonia gas, in particular) or com-
bustible gases are emitted
• the unit is subject to vibration or shock
• the unit is likely to come in contact with water, oil, chemicals, steam,
or vapor
• the unit is exposed to dust, salt, or air containing iron particles
•the unit is subject to interference with static electricity, magnetism,
or noise
• the unit is exposed to direct sunlight
• heat may be accumulated due to radiation
Maintenance
1. Do not use organic solvents such as alcohol or benzene to wipe this
unit Use a neutral detergent
2. Three-year warranty is guaranteed only if the unit is properly used.
MODEL CONFIGURATION
0H@r - nns-nivi-n
Front panel size Code
1/16 DIN 4
1/8 DIN 5
72mm 7
1/4 DIN 9
DC Voltage/
Current
1-5V Scaling Range: -1999 to 9999 For current input, use
0-5V Engineering the 250Q resistor to
4-20mA units obtain 1-5V DC or
0-20mA 0-5V DC input.
CONTROL FUNCTION
(SINGLE OUTPUT)
Control action PID control with auto-tuning
Fuzzy control with auto-tuning
Proportional band (P) 0-999.9%, of full scale (FS), setting in 0.1 % steps
Integral time (1) 0-3200 sec, setting in 1 sec steps
Differential time (D) 0-999.9 sec, setting in 0.1 sec steps
P,I,D = 0: 2-position action
l,D = 0: Proportional action
Proportional cycle 1-150 sec, setting in 1 sec steps, for relay contact
output and SSR/SSC drive output only
Hysteresis width 0-50% FS, setting in 1 E.U. (Engineering Units) steps
2-position action only
Anti-reset wind up 0-100% FS, setting in 1 E.U. steps, auto-setting
with auto-tuning
Input sampling cycle 0.5 sec
Control cycle 0.5 sec
CONTROL FUNCTION
(DUAL OUTPUT) (Heat/Cool Type)
Heating Proportional band P x 1/2 (P= 0-999.9%)
Cooling Proportional band Heating proportional band
X Cooling proportional band coefficient
Cooling proportional band coefficient= 0-100
0: 2-position action
Integral time 0-3200 sec for heating and cooling
Differential time 0-999.9 sec for heating and cooling
P,I,D= 0; 2-position action (without dead band) for heating and cooling
l,D= 0: Proportional action
Proportional cycle 1-150 sec, for relay contact output and SSR/SSC
drive output only
Hysteresis width 2-position action for heating and cooling: 0.5% FS
2-position action for cooling: 0.5% FS
Anti-reset wind-up 0-100% FS, setting in 1 E.U. steps, auto setting with
auto-tuning
Overlap/dead band ±50% of heating proportional band
Input sampling cycle 0.5 sec
Control cycle 0.5 sec
OUTPUT
(Single Output)
Control output One of the following three types is selected:
(1) Relay contact (SPOT)
220V AC/30V DC, 3A (resistive load)
Mechanical life: 10' times (under no load)
Electrical life: 10* times (under the rated load)
(2) SSR/SSC drive (voltage pulse):
15-30V DC at ON/0.5V DC or less at OFF
Current - 60mA or less.
(3) 4-20mA DC:
Allowable load resistance - 600£2 or less.
10
OUTPUT
(Dual Output)
Control output For dual output type, one of the following three
types is selected on both heating and cooling types:
(Not available on PXZ4 type)
(1) Relay contact (SPOT):
220V AC/30V DC, 3A (resistive load)
(2) SSR/SSC drive (voltage pulse):
15-30V DC at ON/0.5V DC or less at OFF
Current: 60mA or less
(3)4-20mADC:
Allowable load resistance - 600ti or less
(Note: When SSR/SSC drive output for heating/
cooling side is selected, the total current should
be less than 60mA)
11
ALARM
Alarm output Relay contact (SPST),
220V AC/30V DC, IA (resistive load)
PXZ4 type: 1 point
Other types: 2 points
Heater break Relay contact (SPST),
alarm output 220V AC/30V DC, IA (resistive load)
PXZ4 type: not available
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Rated voltage 85-264V AC or 24V AC/DC
Power consumption lOVAorless(lOOVAC)
15VA or less (240V AC)
Insulation resistance 50Mn or more (500V DC)
Withstand voltage Power source-Earth: 1500V AC, 1 min
Power source-input terminal: 1500V AC, 1 min
Earth-relay output: 1500V AC, 1 min
Earth-Alarm output: 1500V AC, 1 min
Between other terminals: 500V AC, 1 min
Input impedance Themiocouple: I M i i or more
Voltage: 450Kii or more
Current: 250n (external resistor)
Allowable signal Thermocouple: lOOQ or less
source resistance Voltage: IKQorless
Allowable wiring RTD: lOil or less per wire
resistance
Reference junction ±rC(at23°C)
compensation accuracy
12
Process variable offset ±10% FS
Setpoint variable offset ±50% FS
Input filter 0-900.0 sec, setting in 0.1 sec steps
(primary lagging filter)
Noise rejection ratio Normal mode noise (50/60Hz); 50dB or more
Common mode noise (50/60Hz); 140d6 or more
ADOmONAL FUNCTIONS
8-segment ramp-soak 4-ramp/4-soak with 16 different modes
Setpoint setting: 0-100% FS
Ramp/soak period: 0-99 hrs 59 mins
Parameter mask Parameters can be masked from being displayed
Self-diagnosis Watchdog timer monitors program error
13
STRUCTURE
Mounting method Panel flush mounting or surface mounting
Surface mounting; PXZ4 type only
DEUVERY
PXZ4 type; controller, panel mounting bracket socket (when specified),
water proof gasket, 250i2 precision resistor (when required), instruction
manual. Other types; controller, panel mounting bracket water-proof gasket
250i2 precision resistor (when required), instruction manual.
14
OUTER DIMENSIONS AND PANEL CUTOUT SIZE
PXZ4
.7 85.7
71.5
1- 4S
1 II i?
CO HO LO
T b
l lOG 3 at
? s
(±1 <±i & & \ c -
c ' 1
)
I—
-' li
48
•
*•
r^^ Panel
olLJ „ — U v^ II u
en
Unit mm
Panel thickness: 1 to 8 mm
^11" lil° I
Mc unting brae ke
15
PXZ 5,7.9
lyh d ^
Cl.. C2•: HO L::' HB.':
i ^
Gasket
^ ^ ^ ^
18.7
Unit mm
Panel thickness: 1 to 8 mm
Model A B C D E F G H
PX25 52.5 100.5 90.5 114.5 120Min. 92Mln.
< ' < '
PXZ7 76.5 76,5 67 91 68^0^ 68 °n^ 96Mln. 116Min.
PXZ9 100.5 100.5 90.5 114.5 9 2 - 120Min. 140Min.
-".^
I. H .1
16
INSTALLATION
NEMA 4X Integrity
The front side of this instrument conforms to NEMA 4X. To ensure the
waterproofness between the instrument and the panel, use the gasket
that is provided with the unit according to the installation procedure
described below.
r\
Front Gasket
a: Panel Mounting brackel Screw
Caution: After the mounting bracket is installed, check the gasket for
any displacement as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Gasket
Case Case
17
WIRING INSTRUCTIONS
Z ! \ Warning
Be sure to use the rated power supply voltage and polarity
! Contact output
RTD
"Voltage/cun-ent r^
Pcjwer supply
Contact output
•Voltage/ -
current 1 L
RTD Tteniiocon*
input
18
'Voltage/
Current input
Ataim 1
(Upper limit alarm)
'°©—^/Mami2
©—I C o ® (Lower limit alarm)
o-'o^5 Heater break
alarm output
PXZ5, PX29
•Voltage/
Cunent Cunent output. SSR/SSC
input driving output
~
I •- ^ I
^ e
I Control output 2
'-® >/>-tL!)-) I (on the coding side)
Current output
SSR/SSC driving output
©
- Alanm 1 (upper limit alarm)
•^ © ^o^ AJarm 2 (lower Umt alarm)
Control output 1 ®A' - Heater break alarm output
-©'• (!>-^ - Common
0
Power supply
^t CT Input
19
Wiring Power to the Controller
• Be sure to use the rated power supply voltage and polarity for the unit
to protect it against damage and to prevent the occurrence of failure.
• Keep the power off until all of the wiring is completed to prevent elec-
tric shock and abnormal operation.
• Keep the power supply wires separated from the input and output
wires.
• Power connections should be made with 18-gauge or larger insulated
wire. Stranded wire improves noise immunity. Noise hiters and isola-
tion transformers are recommended in case of noisy power lines.
• When the Heater Break option is selected, use the same power line
for both the controller and the heater.
Wiring Inputs
Thermocouple
• Connect thermocouples directly to the input terminals whenever
possible.
20
• If using extension wires, make sure they are of the same thermocou-
ple material and grade; any dissimilar metal junctions will lead to
erroneous readings.
• Ungrounded thermocouples are recommended for optimal perfor-
mance and to prevent ground loops.
• Make sure the polarity is correct.
RTD PtIOO
• Use a 3-wire PtIOOii RTD whenever possible. All three wires must
have low lead resistance (less than ^0Q.) and no resistance differen-
tials among them.
• If using a 2-wire RTD, jumper the two B-legs with a wire of equal
resistance.
• Make sure A and B leads are connected to the right terminals.
Current/Voltage
•The controller accepts 1-5V, 0-5V, 4-20mA, and 0-20mA DC signals. If
wiring for a voltage input feed the signal directly to the input termi-
nals. For current inputs, hrst connect the 250i2 precision resistor that
comes with the unit
• Make sure the polarity is correct
Wiring Outputs
Before wiring the outputs, make sure the unit has the right kind of con-
trol output and that all the load handling devices conform to the con-
troller specifications. Note that it takes 5 seconds for the outputs to
activate after the power is turned on.
Refer to parameter "P-nl" and to the Table of Output Type Codes to
choose the preferred type of control action- reverse-acting or direct-
acting.
21
If using two outputs in a heaf cool type control, please refer to
Appendix D for more details.
Relay
• Connecting a load to full capacity of the relay will shorten the relay
life, especially if it is operated at a rapid rate. To protect the output
relay, an external relay or a contactor should be used. If a higher cur-
rent rating is required, a solid-state relay driver type output is recom-
mended.
• Connect the load between the normally opened contacts ofthe relay
This way, if power to the controller is disrupted, the output circuit
would open, preventing the load from running out of control.
• Set the proportional time cycle parameter, "TC" to 30 sees, or more.
• Use of "Z-trap" (manufacturer: Fuji Electric Co.) is recommended to
protect the relay against switching
PXZ4 PXZ9
surges and to ensure the product's long
(8-pin)
life. Connect it between the contacts of
the relay as shown in the example.
Part No.:
ENC241D-05A (power supply voltage: 100V) [ol
ENC471D-05A (power supply voltage: 200V)
22
4toahnADC
* The output is a non-isolated analog signal used to drive a variety of
output devices such as SCRs and valve actuators.
* The load resistance must be less than 600n.
* Make sure the polarity is correct
* The proportional time cycle parameter, "TC" is set to 0, and is not dis-
played on the programming menu.
Wiring Alarms
* Make sure the load does not exceed the rated capacity of the relay.
* Several types of alarm configurations can be programmed and does
not require a change in the wiring. Refer to parameters AL, AH, P-AH,
P-AL, P-An.
* For details on Heater Break alarm, please refer to Appendix D and the
Heater Break Alarm Setpoint parameter "Hb" in the programming
section.
Example:
PX24-nAYMV
Power
65 to 264 VAC
SOieOHi
23
FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION
24
(T) UP key fort's place By pressing once, the number in the units place
blinks. The number Is continuously incremented
with the key held pressed.
® UP key for 10's place By pressing once, the number in the tens place
blinks. The number is continuously Incremented
with the key held pressed.
(Q) Up key for 100's place By pressing once, the number in the hundreds
place blinks. The number is continuously incre-
mented with the key held pressed. A numeric " 9 '
is followed by "0" and, concurrently, a number of
the thousands place is incremented by 1.
((2) Control output indication lamp C (for PXZ4 only): Comes on when the control out-
put is ON.
Cl: Comes on when the control output 1 is ON.
C2: Comes on when the control output 2 is ON.
25
FRONT PANEL OPERATION
The PXZ controller programming menu consists of two blocks—
PRIMARY (SETPOINT) MENU and SECONDARY (SYSTEM) MENU. At
power up, the controller will be in the operational mode- process vari-
able (PV), in the case of PXZ4, and both process variable and setpoint
variable (SV), in the case of PXZ-5,7,9 will be displayed. PV is the vari-
able that is being controlled, and it is not programmable. When setting
the parameters, turn off the power to the load (operating equipment) to
ensure safety. Since it takes 30 minutes for the unit to stabilize in terms
of temperature, all measurements should be carried out at least 30 min-
utes after the power is turned on. Option-related features are displayed
only when the options are provided.
26
PRIMARY (SETPOINT) MENU
Operation Display
1. Operational mode - PV, SV
2. Press SEL key - "P" displayed
3. Press DATA key - "P" data displayed
4. Press the appropriate UP key - Corresponding digit blinks
once
Press the same UP key or the - Data changes accordingly
DOWN key to increment or
decrement the data
6. Press ENT key Data registered; " i " displayed
7. Press SEL key once to go to • "d" "Mod"
the next parameter, or press
and hold UP (hundreds) key or
DOWN key to scroll down or up
the menu at a faster rate
8. Press SV(SV/PV for PXZ4) key - Operational mode
Please refer to PXZ Quick Reference guide for a listirtg of ttie Primary
and Secondary l^enu.
27
AUTOTUNING
Before initiating the autotune function, first decide if you would like
to autotune at setpoint or 10% of full scale below setpoint Set the set-
point (SV), alarms (AL, AH) and the cycle time (TC). Bring your process
near setpoint before starting the autotune procedure.
28
PRIMARY MENU SEHINGS
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
SV Main Setpoint Variable: The main setpoint variable is the
control point you wish to maintain. The main setpoint
variable is set within the input range, between the P-SL
and the P-SU settings.
29
Derivative Time (Rate): The Derivative Time is that time
used in calculating rate of change and thermal lag in
helping to eliminate overshoot that results in response to
process upsets. This overshoot usually accompanies
proportional only and proportional-integral processes.
The derivative action dampens proportional and integral
action as it anticipates where the process should be.
The more Derivative Time entered, the more the damping
action. The less the Derivative Time entered, the less the
damping action. Enter as much Derivative Time a value
that would eliminate overshoot without over-damping the
process, that could result in process oscillations.
Setting range: 0 to 999.9 sees
Derivative action is disabled when set to "0"
TEMP
TIME
30
ft i AL Low Alarm Setpoint The Low Alarm Setpoint is that
point of the process below which, the low alarm output
relay is energized. If the alarm type, programmed in the
secondary menu, includes an absolute value for the Low
Alarm Setpoint enter the actual value you want the
alarm to be activated at regardless of what the main set-
point is set for. If the alarm type includes a deviation
value for the Low Alarm Setpoint enter the number of
units below main setpoint in which you want the alarm to
be activated at the deviation alarm tracks main setpoint
Set within the input range.
Not indicated without the alarm option.
1*^ y< AH High Alarm Setpoint: The High Alarm Setpoint is that
point of the process above which, the high alarm output
relay is energized. If the alarm type, programmed in the
secondary menu, includes an absolute value for the High
Alarm Setpoint enter the actual value you want the
alarm to be activated at regardless of what the main set-
point is set for. If the alarm type includes a deviation
value for the High Alarm Setpoint enter the number of
units above main setpoint in which you want the alarm to
be activated at the deviation alarm tracks main setpoint
Set within the input range.
Not indicated without the alarm option.
31
TC Cycle Time (Output #1): The Cycle Time for output #1 is
that time where the output is on for a percentage of that
time and off for a percentage of that time, creating a pro-
portioning effect The Cycle Time is only used when the
PXZ is used as a P, PI, PD, or PID controller and when
. the output is time proportional as with the relay or
SSR/SSC drive outputs. The shorter the Cycle Time, the
higher the proportioning resolution is, and better is the
control, but there will be an increased strain on the out-
put device. Enter a value that is based on the limitations
of your controller's output type.
Setting range: 1 to 150 sees.
For relay output Set to 30 sees or more
For SSR/SSC drive output Set to 1 sec or more
For current output Set to 0. (normally not indicated).
^ OFF OFF
30 sec. Cycle Time SOsec.CydeTlme
25% Output 75% Output
J 10 sec.
10 sec.
25% 75%
32
HYS Hysteresis: The Hysteresis is that area around the main
setpoint where the output does not change condition.
That area or deadband is intended to eliminate relay
chatter at setpoint for On/Off control applications. The
wider the Hysteresis, the longer it takes for the controller
to change output condition. The narrower the Hysteresis,
the lesstimethe controller takes to change output con-
dition. When the Hysteresis is narrow, the On/Off control
is more accurate but the wear on the output relay is
increased. Enter a value which is small enough to meet
the control tolerance ofthe application but large enough
to eliminate relay chatter.
Setting range: 0 to 50% of full scale, set in E.U.
Hysteresis for On/Off action on dual outputs (heating and
cooling) is tixed at 0.5% of full scale.
Narrow Wide
Hystersis Hystersis
33
Heater Break Alarm Setpoint: If the heater's operating cur-
rent falls below this setpoint the heater break alarm output
relay is energized. This option is used in cases where the
PXZ is controlling a bank of heaters wired in parallel. A cur-
rent transformer around the hot lead going to the heater
bank and connected to the controller is tied with the con-
troller's output and senses the current used by the heater
bank. If one or more ofthe zones burnout resulting in cold
spots, the current used by the defective heater bank is
reduced. By determining what the optimal current and the
optimal current minus one zone for the heater bank is, the
Heater Break Alarm setpoint can be calculated and
entered.
Setting Range: 0 to 50 amps.
Not indicated without the Heater Break Alarm output
option.
Not available on PXZ4, or with 4-20 mA DC outputs.
Detection is made only on a single-phase heater. This
function cannot be used when controlling a heater with
SCR phase-angle control.
Cycle Time, "TC," must be set at 6 sees, or higher
Refer to Appendix C for more details.
Optimal Cunent of
Heater Bank
minus Optimal Cunent of Heater
Optimal Current of + Heater Bank :: Break
Heater Bank less One Zone Alarni
less One Zone Setpoint
9 Hb
34
0-1 AT Autotuning: Autotuning is the automatic calculation and
entering ofthe control parameters (P, I and D) into memo-
ry. The PXZ will autotune both reverse and direct acting
control applications. Autotuning will also automatically
set anti-reset wind-up (Ar). There are two types of
Autotuning that can be performed by the controller,
Autotuning at main setpoint or Autotuning at 10% of full
scale below main setpoint The latter may yield slightly
different values, not as precise, but the process over-
shoot encountered during the autotuning procedure
would not be as much. Enter the value for the type of
autotuning you would like to run on your particular appli-
cation based on overshoot tolerances and the precision
ofthe PID parameters needed. For more information on
principles of Autotuning, refer to Appendix A. See also
page 28.
Setting:
0 - Autotuning off
1 - Autotuning performed at setpoint
2 - Autotuning performed at 10% of full scale
below setpoint
start ol AT E n d ct A T Start o l A T E n d of A T
ATiio ^ AT in opefBtkxy
S e t v a l u e ( S V ) t>
¥ [Ueesured valui)
Set value (SV) t •
J_SV-10%FS
OHOFF action
35
•)r,:' TC2 Cycle Time (Output #2) The Cycle Time for output #2 is
that time where the output is on for a percentage of that
time and off for a percentage of that time, creating a
proportioning effect Output #2 is the cooling side of a
heat/cool PXZ controller. A shorter cycle time provides
higher proportioning resolution and better control but
causes increased strain on the output device. Enter a
value that is based on the limitations of your controller's
output type.
Setting Range: 1 to 150 sees.
For relay output Set to 30 sees or more
For SSR/SSC drive output Set to 1 sec or more
For current output Set to 0 (normally not indicated).
Not indicated without the control output #2 option.
36
Proportional Band
Prop. Band for Heating X Input Range = —
2
OUTPUT P -rooL<1
-CooL=i
0% -rooi.>i
Setpoint TEMP
100^ Headng Side Cooing SMe
OUTPUT -Deadlnnd
0%
Setpoint TEMP
^gg^ Heating Side Cooing Side
OUTPUT \
Overtap
0%
Setpoint TEMP
37
rl tl db Deadband/Overlap: The Deadband/Overlap is that per-
centage ofthe heating side ofthe proportional band
where the heating (output #1) and the cooling (output #2)
outputs are separated by a Deadband or where they
Overfap on a heat/cool PXZ controller. A value greater
than zero establishes a Deadband or area where neither
the heating nor cooling outputs are energized for more
powerful heating and cooling loads. A value less than
zero establishes an Overlap or area where both the heat-
ing and cooling outputs are energized at the same time
for less powerful heating and cooling loads. Enter a value
based on the power of your heating and cooling loads as
well as the application's efficiency in maintaining tight
heat/cool control.
Setting range: -50.0to 50.0% ofthe heating proportional
band.
Not indicated without control output #2 option
b u ' •' SV-1 Ramp Target Value: Sets the target value for each ramp
to to segment
5 J> - S' SV-4 Setting range: 0-100% of full scale
' i r i l r TMIr Ramp Segment Time: Sets the duration of each ramp
to to segment
11") '-•' 1- TM4r Setting range: 00.00 to 99hrs 59mins.
Ramp: Region in which the setpoint changes toward the target value.
Soak: Region in which the setpoint stays unchanged at the target value.
Note 1: SV cannot be changed while the operation is running or suspended:
Note 2: The use of fuzzy control is inhibited while Ramp-Soak operation is being
performed.
40
Table of Ramp/Soak Modes
MOD Power on start Output on END Output on OFF Repeat function
0 No Continue controlling Continue controlling No
1 No Continue controlling Continue controlling Yes
2 No Continue controlling Stand-by mode No
3 No Continue controlling Stand-by mode Yes
4 No Stand-by mode Continue controlling No
5 No Stand-by mode Continue controlling Yes
6 No Stand-by mode Stand-by mode No
7 No Stand-by mode Stand-by mode Yes
8 Yes Continue controlling Continue controlling No
9 Yes Continue controlling Continue controlling Yes
10 Yes Continue controlling Stand-by mode No
11 Yes Continue controlling Stand-by mode Yes
12 Yes Stand-by mode Continue controlling No
13 Yes Stand-by mode Continue controlling Yes
14 Yes Stand-by mode Stand-by mode No
15 Yes Stand-by mode Stand-by mode Yes
41
SECONDARY MENU SEHINGS
P - •-• i P-n1 Control Action & Sensor Bum-out Protection: The
Control Action is the direction of the output relative to
the process variable. The PXZ can be programmed as
either a reverse or a direct-acting controller. As a
reverse-acting controller, the PXZ's output decreases as
the process variable increases. A heating application
would require reverse acting control. As a direct acting
controller, the PXZ's output increases as the process
variable increases. A cooling application would require
direct-acting control. Enter the code from the Table of
Output Type Codes which establishes the PXZ as either
a reverse or a direct-acting controller.
42
Table of Output Type Codes
43
P-n2 Input type: The Input Type is the type of sensor to be used
with the PXZ controller in sensing the process variable.
The Input Type must be correctly programmed into the
controller in order for the controller to perform with the
selected sensor type. Depending on the type of sensor to
be used, the PXZ comes in two models. One model
accepts J, K, R, B, S, T, E, N thermocouples and RTDs
(PtIOO) and the other model accepts 1-5/0-5V DC and 4-
20/0-20mA DC signals.
The current/voltage model comes with a 250n precision
resistor. Wired directiy to the controller, it would convert
a current signal into a voltage signal. There is no need to
use the resistor if a voltage signal is applied directly.
After the appropriate physical changes have been made,
the controller still needs the correct code for the input
type to be used. Enter the appropriate code.
P-dF Input Filter Constant The Input Filter is used to tilter out
the quick changes that occur to the process variable in a
dynamic or quick responding application that causes
erratic control. By slowing down the response time, the
PXZ controller averages out the peaks and valleys of a
dynamic system which, in turn, stabilizes the control. The
digital filter also aids the PXZ in controlling processes
where the electrical noise is affecting the input signal.
The larger the value entered, the slower the controller
reacts to process variable changes. The smaller the value
entered, the quicker the controller reacts to process vari-
able changes. Enter as small a value as possible at which
the PXZ maintains accurate and stable control.
Setting range: 0.0-900.0 sees
44
Table of Input Type Codes
45
P-SL Lower Limit of Input Range:
P-SU Upper Limit of Input Range: The Lower Limit and the
Upper Limit of Input Range establish the desired low
and high limit for the type of input used. The Lower limit
must be greater than or equal to the input type's lower
limit while the Upper Limit must be less than or equal to
the input type's upper limit Setpoint settings are
restricted to values between P-SL and P-SU. Parameter
values that are calculated as a percentage of full scale
are affected by these settings. An underscale or an
overscale error is indicated if the process value goes
below or above the range by 5% of full scale. The pri-
mary purpose of these parameters when used with ther-
mocouple or RTD inputs is to limit setpoint settings.
When an analog input is used, the signal is scaled for
the engineering unit range selected. For example, when
a 4-20 mA input is used, the value of P-SL corresponds
to 4mA and the value of P-SU corresponds to 20 mA.
The engineering unit range could be %, PSI, pH, or any
range which can be scaled between -1999 and 9999
units.
Refer to the Table of Input Type Codes on page 45 to
determine the measuring range for a particular input
type.
46
SCAUNG THERMOCOUPLE AND RTD(Pt100) INPUT RANGES
^
5% \ ^
3-> 5%
Indteatlng Range
-5 0 100 105
, Setpoint Range ,
5% \ < — ^ 5 %
47
' - f l i PAL Alarm Type 2:
' - ft H P-AH Alarm Type 1: This function sets the control action for
the optional alarm output relays. The PXZ5,7, and 9
comes with two relays while the PXZ4 comes with
one. They can be programmed for absolute, deviation,
combination, or zone alarm configuration. The high
and low alarm setpoints are set with primary menu
parameters AH and AL The absolute alarm configura-
tions are independent of main setpoint The alarm out-
put relays are energized when the process variable
exceeds the alarm setpoint an absolute value. The
deviation alarm configuration is main setpoint track-
ing. The alarm output relays are energized when the
process variable exceeds the main setpoint by a devi-
ation value set by AL or AH. The combination alarm
configurations are a mixture of both the deviation and
absolute value settings for the high and low alarms.
With zone alarm configurations the alarm output is
energized between the range set by AL and AH.
One of the alarm types is Alarm with Hold. In this case
the alarm is not turned on the first time the measured
value is in the alarm band. Instead it turns on only
when the measured value goes out of the band and
enters it again. This type is useful when using devia-
tion alarm with step type input
Enter the code for P-AH and P-AL from the Table of
Alarm Action Type Codes.
48
Table of Alarm Action Type Codes
ALM1 ALM2
Alarni type Action diagram
(P-RH) iP-RL)
No alarm
High alarm
(with hold)
Low alarni
(with hold)
High/Low alarm
(wrth hold)
r^'^'i*^'^-^*^^^^^^'^ ,
HigtVLow deviation
Zone alarm 11 alarm
(ALM 1/2 irvlspsndent scbon)
Higti/Low
absolute alarm
21
AL AH
HlghA.ow
deviation alarm
High absolute/
Low deviation alarm BV AH
Higti deviatiori'
Low absolute alarm AU 8V
49~
P-An Alarm Hysteresis: The Alarm Hysteresis is that area on
one side ofthe alarm setpoint where the output does not
change condition. That area or deadband is intended to
eliminate relay chatter at alarm setpoint with less wear
on the relay With a wide Alarm Hysteresis, the controller
takes a longer time to change output condition. With a
narrow Alarm Hysteresis, the controller takes a shorter
time to change output condition. Enter a value which is
just large enough to eliminate relay chatter.
Setting Range: 0 to 50% of full scale, set in E.U.
50
The input range can be anywhere between -1999 and
9999 units and must be programmed in the lower limit of
input range and the upper limit of input range parame-
ters with decimal place values. Enter a Decimal Point
Position code depending on the desired resolution, the
input type, and the programmed input range.
Setting:
0-None
1-Tenths of a unit
2 - Hundredths of a unit
PID control
PID -1. Fuzzy control
52
i^cfu'C ADJO Zero/Span Calibration: This function is used for
fto'u'S ADJS zero/span calibration ofthe input Calibration is effected
by first applying the appropriate signal for zero and span
points of the input range being used and then by cor-
recting the errors. This is an independent function and
the instrument can easily be reset to conditions prior to
delivery.
Example:
Input range 0-400°C
Indication at 0°C:-1°C
Indication at 400°C: 402°C
Change ADJO to 1 and ADJS to -2 to correct the error.
The instrument can be set back to factory values by set-
ting ADJO and ADJS to 0.
o' S P '< dSPI Parameter Mask function: This function is used to indi-
te to vidually mask the display of parameters that are not
c / S P ^ dSP7 usedforyourapplication, or parameters that are not to
be accessed by the operator. To mask or unmask a
parameter appropriate dSP codes should be selected
from the Quick Reference guide.
53
ERROR MESSAGES
Error
Indication Cause Control Output
54
APPENDIX A
Autotuning
During autotuning, the PXZ sends test signals to the process. The test
signals are 100% output and 0% output at the Autotune point The
Autotune point can either be at setpoint or 10% of full scale below set-
point The controller performs as an On/Off controller. See diagram
below.
Autotune
Point
Process
Variable
Time
Time
56
The PXZ then reads the reaction of these test signals on the process.
Keep in mind that every process is different and therefore every reac-
tion to the test signals is different This is why PID parameters are not
the same for different processes. The amplitude (L) or lag time which is
the overshoot and undershoot ofthe system when autotuning and the
time constant (T) which is the time the process takes to go through one
On/Off cycle is measured. See diagram below.
T 1 '
Overshoot
Amplitude
The measurements are then used with the Autotune algorithm for cal-
culation of the proper PID parameters for the system. See the PXZ
Autotune algorithm below, where K is the proportionality constant and S
is the Laplace operator.
>-LS
(1+TS)
57
APPENDIX B
Manual Tuning
Proportional Band
The proportional band is a band around the setpoint of the PXZ where
the output is between 0% and 100%. The percentage of output is pro-
portional to the amount of error between the setpoint variable (SV) and
the process variable (PV). Outside ofthe proportional band the output is
either 0% or 100%
The proportional band on the PXZ is equidistant from the main setpoint
as illustrated below.
The width ofthe proportional band depends on the dynamics ofthe sys-
tem. The first question to ask is, how strong must my output be to elimi-
nate the error between the setpoint variable and process variable? The
larger the proportional band (low gain), the less reactive the process. A
proportional band too large, however, can lead to process wandering or
sluggishness. The smaller the proportional band (high gain), the more
PV PV
Time Time
Time
59
reactive the output becomes. A proportional band too small, however,
can lead to over-responsiveness leading to process oscillation.
Example:
30°C
3% X 100%
100°C
Proportional Band
(as a percentage)
Prnnnrtinnal RanrI Rannp = X 1000°C
100%
Example:
3%
30°C XlOOO-C
100%
60
Integral Time
With the proportional band alone, the process tends to reach equilibri-
um at some point away from the main setpoint This offset is due to the
difference between the output needed to maintain setpoint and the out-
put of the proportional band at setpoint In the case of the PXZ con-
troller where the proportional band is equidistant from the main set-
point the output is around 50%. If anything more or less than 50% out-
put is required to maintain setpoint an offset error will occur. Integral
action eliminates this offset See the diagrams below.
61
Integral Time is the speed at which the controller corrects for offset A
short integral time means the controller corrects for offset quickly If the
integral time is too short, the controller would react before the effects
of previous output shifts - due to lead or lag time - could be sensed,
causing oscillation. A long Integral time means the control corrects for
offset over a long time. If the integral time is too long, the offset will
remain for some time causing slow responding or sluggish control. See
the diagram below.
PV Setpoint
Time
Time
Derivative Time
In the case of a process upset proportional only or proportional-inte-
gral action cannot react fast enough in returning a process back to set-
point without overshoot The derivative action corrects for disturbances
providing sudden shifts in output which oppose the divergence ofthe
process from setpoint See the diagram below.
The derivative action changes the rate of reset or integration propor-
tional to the rate of change and lag time of the system. By calculating
the rate of change ofthe process and multiplying it by the lag time
which is the time it takes the controller to sense an output change, the
controller can anticipate where the process should be and change the
output accordingly. This anticipatory action speeds up and slows down
the effect of proportional and proportional-integral actions to return a
process to setpoint as quickly as possible with minimum overshoot See
the diagram below.
63
Tuning
Tuning the PXZ, as with any PID loop, requires tuning each parameter
separately and in sequence. To achieve good PID control manually, you
can use the trial and error method explained below.
64
Add Derivative Time
Do not add Derivative Time if the system is too dynamic. Start with a
small Derivative Time value which gives sluggish response to process
upsets and double the value. Analyze the process variable. If the
response to process upsets is still sluggish, double the value again.
Continue with the same procedure until the process starts to oscillate
at a quick constant rate. Decrease the Derivative Time value by 25%.
From a cold start, test and verify that the Derivative Time value allows
maximum response to process disturbances with minimum overshoot If
not completely satisfied,fine-tunethe value, up or down, as needed and
test until correct Note that the Derivative Time value is usually some-
where around 25% ofthe Integral Time value.
65
Time I
Constant'
< >i
PV
Time
4. Widen the Proportional Band until only slightiy unstable. This is the
Proportional Band's Ultimate Sensitivity. The Proportional Band's
Ultimate Sensitivity width will be defined as "P" when calculating
the actual Proportional Band.
Control P 1 D
Action Setting Settinq Setting
POnly 2P # *
PI 2.2P .83T *
PID 1.67P .5T .125T
66
APPENDIX C
Heater Break Option
The Heater Break Option is used to detect heater break conditions and
to energize an alarm relay when such conditions exist In most cases,
the option is used to detect the failure of one or more zones in a multi-
zoned heater where all individual resistive heater zones are wired in
parallel. Failed heater zones would create cold spots in a system which
could hamper the process and even ruin the product If cold spots in a
system are a problem, the Heater Break Option is an effective way of
alerting the operator of a heater break condition, a cause of cold spots.
67
Notes:
2. The Heater Break Option cannot be used on the PXZ controller with a
4-20mA DC output The current sensing transformer would pick up cur-
rent changes due to fluctuating power output between 0% and 100%,
which would result in a heater break alarm condition even though no
such condition existed.
3. The Cycle Time must be set at 6 sees, or higher in order for the con-
troller to correctly analyze the signal sent by the current sensing
transformer.
4. The power supply used should be the same for the PXZ and heater to
eliminate current fluctuations due to power differences between dif-
ferent power supplies.
With the Heat/Cool Option, the PXZ can control a temperature applica-
tion with one input at one main setpoint using two outputs, a heating
output and a cooling output By using a heating and cooling output a
process is able to quickly bring the temperature to setpoint in both
directions and to limit the amount of overshoot The larger the deviation
from setpoint the more output applied to the system on both the heat-
ing and cooling sides. Heat/Cool control is a very effective way of con-
trolling exothermic processes, processes that generate their own heat
or processes where ambient temperature is not adequate or fast
enough in returning a process back to setpoint
The two outputs on the PXZ are independent and sent to two different
output devices. The PXZ can be equipped with two of the same or two
different output types. Output #2 can be relay, SSR/SSC driver, or 4-
20mA DC, regardless of what Output #1 is. Both output types must be
specified when ordering.
The PXZ controls the cooling side with three additional parameters,
TC2, COOL, and db as explained in the programming section.
"ii.!? TC2 Cycle Time (Output #2): Because Output #2 is not necessar-
ily the same as Output #1, the cycle time may be different
70
Deadband/Overlap: Deadband is that area where neither out-
puts are energized. Overlap is that area when both outputs
are energized. This function lets you decide where you want
the heating action to stop and the cooling action to begin.
Notes:
Integral and Derivative Times are the same for both the heating and
cooling sides of a process with PID control because the response fre-
quency or time constant of the system does not change at main set-
point when cooling is added.
The Proportional Band for heating and cooling are almost always dif-
ferent Rarely does the same amount of cooling output remove the
same percentage of process error as the heating output does. The
Cooling Proportional Band must be manually and separately tuned.
If the heating side is set for On/Off control, the cooling side will be set
for On/Off control also. Regardless of what the COOL parameter
is set for, if the Proportional Band is set to zero, the Heating
Proportional Band and the Cooling Proportional Band will always be
zero.
If the cycle times of one or both outputs are long and the process
dynamic, there is a good chance that both outputs will be cycling on
and off at the same time around main setpoint This is evident if one
or both outputs are relays.
71
6. Autotune is not effective on the cooling side of Heat/Cool control.
Autotune the controller for heat only and then manually tune the
cooling parameters.
1. Make sure that your PXZ has the correct output type installed for
Output #2. Verify that TC2, COOL, and db parameters are indicated
in the primary (setpoint) menu.
4. In the primary (setpoint) menu, program TC2, the cycle time for
Output #2. The table below is a general guide to TC2 settings.
72
Heating.Side ' Cooling Side
Heating Proportional Band Cooling Proportional Band
[P/2] [P/2 COOL]
I I (same as for heating)
D D (same as for heating)
6. With the heat side tuned, manually set the COOL parameter or
Proportional Band Coefficient for Cooling. If the cooling output is
less powerful than the heating output the Cooling Proportional
Band must be narrower than the Heating Proportional Band; the
COOL parameter would be less than " 1 " . If the cooling output is
more powerful than the heating output the Cooling Proportional
Band must be wider than the Heating Proportional Band; the COOL
parameter would be more than " 1 " . See the programming section
for more details.
8. Manually fine-tune the parameters COOL and db until just the right
amount of cooling is achieved. Refer to the programming section
for more details on these parameters.
73
PXZ QUICK REFERENCE
Primary Menu
Secondaiy Menu
75
Parameter Range Description Default DSP
settings settings
PKC? PHC2 - •
N/A 103.0 dSP7-l
76
Free Technical Support:
1-800-235-8367
8:30 A.M.- 6:00 PM. E.S.T.
V5.99.2